Network Working Group P. Kim Internet-Draft Korea Polytechnic University Expires: April 25, 2009 S. Shin NIA October 26, 2008 Measuring IP Performance Metrics on Mobile Network draft-pskim-ippm-nemo-measurement-00 Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on April 25, 2009. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008 Abstract In this draft, the new measurement scheme of IP performance metrics is proposed for the mobile network in heterogeneous wireless network environment. In the proposed scheme, all mobile nodes (MNs) inside the mobile network can get IP performance metrics irrespective of the presence or absence of measurement functionality. That is, the proposed scheme does not require the MN to be involved in measuring IP performance metrics. The multihomed mobile router (MR) with heterogeneous wireless interfaces measures IP performance metrics on behalf of the MNs inside the mobile network. Then, when MNs want to understand the condition of multiple communication paths, MNs can get measured IP performance metrics from the MR using L3 messages. The proposed scheme can reduce burden and power consumption of MNs with limited resource and battery power since MNs don't measure directly IP performance metrics. In addition, the proposed scheme can reduce considerably traffic overhead over wireless links on measurement paths since signaling messages and injected testing traffic are reduced. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Characteristics of End-to-End Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Proposed Measurement Scheme for IP Performance Metrics . . . . 5 3.1 Overview of Proposed Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 Main Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3 Operation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4 Advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Introduction Understanding the dynamic properties of the end-to-end IP performance metrics, such as delay, jitter, bandwidth, packet loss, is beneficial for the proper resource management in existing wired and emerging wireless Internet services. The increasing trend in the wireless Internet services means that the requested performance for a certain service might not be guaranteed, not only because of the air interface bandwidth limitation, but also due to a limitation in the transport network's available bandwidth. Measuring IP performance metrics is a very challenging task due to the heterogeneity of the current systems and the different traffic characteristics of different data flows[1]. In the recent decade, the IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) working group defined a set of standard metrics and has developed schemes for accurately measuring these performance metrics. Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008 In the near future, airplanes, automobiles, and even people will carry entire networks of IP devices that connect to the Internet, which is called the mobile network. To deal with the mobility support of mobile networks, the Network Mobility (NEMO) protocols was created[2]. Through NEMO protocols, mobile nodes (MNs) on the mobile network are unaware of their network's mobility; however, they are provided with uninterrupted Internet access even when the network changes its attachment point to the Internet. Meanwhile, to access the Internet, today's mobile hosts often have more than one wireless interfaces such as WLAN(802.11a/b/g), WMAN(802.16e, WiBro), WWAN(3G, HSDPA), WPAN(802.15), etc. These mobile hosts are called "multi-homing capable" because they can connect to heterogeneous multiple networks. In recent, the multi-homing has been investigated from an end-node point of view not from a site point of view [3]. Once multiple wireless interfaces are offered, users may want to select the most appropriate set of wireless interface(s) depending on the network environment, particularly in wireless networks which are mutable and less reliable than wired networks. Users may also want to select the most appropriate wireless interface per communication type or to combine a set of interfaces to get sufficient bandwidth or more bandwidth using bandwidth aggregation mechanism. In this draft, a measurement scheme of IP performance metrics is considered for the mobile network in heterogeneous wireless network environment. There can be often many mobile nodes (MNs) in the mobile network. The mobile router (MR) in the mobile network is capable of changing its point of attachment to the Internet without disrupting higher layer connections of attached devices. To consider the heterogeneous wireless network environment, the MR is assumed to be multi-homing, that is, have heterogeneous multiple wireless interfaces, which enables the multi-path communication outside the mobile network. Thus, MNs inside the mobile network can select the most appropriate communication path depending on the network environment and then communicate with corresponding hosts, such as the IPTV server, media streaming server, web server, FTP server, etc, via the multihomed MR. If MNs want to understand the condition of multiple communication paths, they measure directly IP performance metrics for each path. Therefore, all MNs inside the mobile network are required to be involved in measuring IP performance metrics and thus have to implement measurement functionality, which can be somewhat burdensome and power consumptive for MNs with limited resource and battery power. In addition, there can be the number of measurement signaling messages and injected testing traffic as shown in the active measurement techniques, which can cause considerable traffic overhead over wireless links on measurement paths. Therefore, to resolve these problems, an alternative measurement scheme of IP performance metrics for the mobile network should be developed. Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008 Therefore, in this draft, the new measurement scheme of IP performance metrics is proposed for the mobile network in heterogeneous wireless network environment. In the proposed scheme, all MNs inside the mobile network can get IP performance metrics irrespective of the presence or absence of measurement functionality. That is, the proposed scheme does not require the MN to be involved in measuring IP performance metrics. The multihomed MR measures IP performance metrics on behalf of the MNs inside the mobile network. Then, when MNs want to understand the condition of multiple communication paths, MNs can get measured IP performance metrics from the MR using L3 messages. These L3 messages can be defined newly or reused by existing ICMP messages in [4]. The proposed scheme can reduce burden and power consumption of MNs with limited resource and battery power since MNs don't measure directly IP performance metrics. In addition, the proposed scheme can reduce considerably traffic overhead over wireless links on measurement paths since signaling messages and injected testing traffic are reduced. 2. Characteristics of End-to-End Path This draft considers the mobile network in heterogeneous wireless network environment. The mobile router (MR) is capable of changing its point of attachment to the mobile network, moving from one link to another link. To consider the heterogeneous wireless network environment, the MR is assumed to be multi-homing, that is, have heterogeneous multiple network interfaces which are categorized by internal and external wireless interfaces. Internal wireless interfaces are connected to MNs inside the mobile network and would be WLAN (802.11a/b/g). External wireless interfaces are connected to external base stations for WMAN (802.16e, WiBro) and WWAN (3G, HSDPA). Therefore, the MR enables the multi-path communication outside the mobile network through these heterogeneous wireless interfaces. Meanwhile, mobile nodes (MNs) inside the mobile network are assumed to have single network interface or heterogeneous multiple wireless interfaces. Corresponding hosts (CHs) can be the IPTV server, media streaming server, web server, FTP server, etc. MNs inside the mobile network can communicate with CHs on multiple paths via the multihomed MR. The end-to-end multi-path from MNs inside the mobile network to CHs outside the mobile network via the multihomed MR consists of following three links. (1) Link between MN and MR Inside the mobile network, the WLAN(802.11a/b/g) will be generally adopted as an air technology due to high transmission speed and moderate coverage. Thus, MNs with WLAN interface can communicate via the MR with internal WLAN interface inside the mobile network. Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008 (2) Link between MR and External BSs Outside the mobile network, WMAN(802.16e, WiBro) and WWAN(3G, HSDPA) will be generally adopted as an air technology due to wide coverage. Thus, the MR with external WMAN and WWAN interfaces can communicate via corresponding base stations (BSs). However, in this wireless link, it is difficult to expect higher transmission speed than that of the wireless link between MNs and MR using WLAN. (3) Link between External BSs and CHs This link consists generally of routers with high processing speed and wired networks with high transmission speed. 3. Proposed Measurement Scheme for IP Performance Metrics 3.1 Overview of Proposed Scheme If MNs inside the mobile network measure directly IP performance metrics, they are required to be involved in the measurement procedure and thus have to implement measurement functionality, which can be somewhat burdensome and power consumptive for MNs with limited resource and battery power. In addition, there can be the number of measurement signaling messages and injected testing traffic, which can cause considerable traffic overhead over the wireless links, such as link between MN and MR, and link between MR and external BS, on measurement paths. In addition, as mentioned before, the wireless link between MR and external BS is likely to be overloaded network link, that is, "bottleneck link". Moreover, if there are many mobile networks connected to external BS, this link is likely to be "tight link". This means that IP performance metrics of the end-to-end multi-path might be mostly influenced by the wireless link between MR and external BS. With the consideration of these problems, in this draft, the new measurement scheme of IP performance metrics is proposed for the mobile network in heterogeneous wireless network environment. In the proposed scheme, all MNs inside the mobile network can get IP performance metrics irrespective of the presence or absence of measurement functionality. That is, the proposed scheme does not require the MN to be involved in measuring IP performance metrics. The multihomed MR with heterogeneous wireless interfaces measures IP performance metrics on behalf of the MNs inside the mobile network. 3.2 Main Components Main components on the end-to-end measurement path consist of MNs, the multihomed MR, and the measurement server. Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008 MNs inside the mobile network are assumed to have a single network interface or heterogeneous multiple network interfaces. When MNs want to get IP performance metrics to understand the condition of multiple communication paths, they can request to the MR using the L3 message. Also, MNs can get IP performance metrics that the MR provides periodically. The multihomed MR measures IP performance metrics on behalf of the MNs inside the mobile network. Since the MR have heterogeneous external wireless interfaces such as WMAN (802.16e, WiBro) and WWAN (3G, HSDPA), the MR enables the multi-path communication outside the mobile network and thus can measure IP performance metrics for all paths through these heterogeneous external wireless interfaces. The measurement server is a host that receives testing traffic, calculates performance statistics, and response results of IP performance metrics to the MR. 3.3 Operation Procedure (1) Operation between MR and Measurement Server On the multi-path between the multihomed MR and the measurement server, IP performance metrics can be measured using existing measurement schemes. Existing measurement schemes can be classified into two categories: passive measurement and active measurement [1]. Passive measurement schemes use the trace history of existing data transmission. While potentially very efficient and accurate, their scope is limited to network paths that have recently carried user traffic. Active measurement schemes, on the other hand, require injecting testing traffic into network in order to realize measurements. The basic idea of active measurement is that the multihomed MR injects test traffic into the network to the measurement server. Then, the measurement server receives testing traffic, calculates performance statistics, and response results of IP performance metrics to the multihomed MR. The MR receives and stores them to provide for MNs inside the mobile network. (2) Operation between MR and MNs When MNs want to get IP performance metrics from the MR to understand the condition of multiple communication paths, following two methods can be available: - Unsolicited Reqeust and Response : Irrespective of the request of MNs, the MR broadcasts periodically measured IP performances metrics to MNs inside the mobile network. - Solicited Request and Response : A specific MN requests and then the MR unicasts measured IP performance metrics to the corresponding MN. Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008 Request and Response messages can be defined by the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) message format in [4]. For example, for unsolicited request and response, the unsolicited router advertisement (RA) message format in [5] can be reused by the modification of type field. For solicited request and response, route solicitation (RS) and router advertisement (RA) message formats in [5] can be reused by the modification of type field. Using obtained IP performance metrics, MNs can understand the condition of multiple communication paths for each heterogeneous multiple wireless interfaces. Then, MNs may want to select the most appropriate path per communication type. If the condition of all communication paths is unfavorable, MNs with heterogeneous multiple wireless interfaces can connect to the corresponding BS directly, not via the MR. 3.4 Advantages The proposed scheme can reduce burden and power consumption of MNs with limited resource and battery power since MNs don't measure directly IP performance metrics. In addition, the proposed scheme can reduce considerably traffic overhead over wireless links on measurement paths since signaling messages and injected testing traffic are reduced. 4. References 4.1. Informative references [1] Paxson, V., G. Alimes, J. Mahdavi and M. Mathis, "Framework for IP Performance Metrics", IETF RFC 2330, May 1998. [2] Thubert, P., A. Petrescu, R. Wakikawa and V. Devarapalli, "Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol", RFC 3963, Jan 2005. [3] Ernst, T. et al, "Motivations and Scenarios for Using Multiple Interfaces and Global Addresses", ietf-monami6-multihoming- motivation-scenario-03 (work in progress), May 2008. [4] Conta, A., S. Deering, M. Gupta, "Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", IETF RFC 4443, March 2006. [5] Narten, T., E. Nordmark, W. Simpson, "Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", IETF RFC 2461, December 1998. Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008 Authors' Addresses Pyungsoo Kim Department of Electronics Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 2121 Jungwang-Dong, Shiheung City, Gyeonggi-Do 429-793 KOREA Phone: +82 31 8041 0489 EMail: pskim@kpu.ac.kr Sun-Young Shin National Information Society Agency NIA Bldg. 77, Myuko-Dong, Jung-Gu Seoul, 110-775 KOREA Email: shinsy@nia.or.kr Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. 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Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008 Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgment Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA). Kim and Shin Expires April 25, 2009 [Page 9]