The Project Gutenberg EBook of Demetrius, by Frederich Schiller

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: Demetrius
       A Play

Author: Frederich Schiller

Release Date: October 26, 2006 [EBook #6790]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ASCII

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DEMETRIUS ***




Produced by Tapio Riikonen and David Widger





                DEMETRIUS

             By Frederich Schiller




ACT I.




SCENE I.

      THE DIET AT CRACOW.

      On the rising of the curtain the Polish Diet is discovered, seated
      in the great senate hall. On a raised platform, elevated by three
      steps, and surmounted by a canopy, is the imperial throne, the
      escutcheons of Poland and Lithuania suspended on each side. The KING
      seated upon the throne; on his right and left hand his ten royal
      officers standing on the platform. Below the platform the BISHOPS,
      PALATINES, and CASTELLANS seated on each side of the stage.
      Opposite to these stand the Provincial DEPUTIES, in a double line,
      uncovered. All armed. The ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN, as the primate of
      the kingdom, is seated next the proscenium; his chaplain behind him,
      bearing a golden cross.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
   Thus then hath this tempestuous Diet been
   Conducted safely to a prosperous close;
   And king and commons part as cordial friends.
   The nobles have consented to disarm,
   And straight disband the dangerous Rocoss [1];
   Whilst our good king his sacred word has pledged,
   That every just complaint shall have redress.
   And now that all is peace at home, we may
   Look to the things that claim our care abroad.
   Is it the will of the most high Estates
   That Prince Demetrius, who hath advanced
   A claim to Russia's crown, as Ivan's son,
   Should at their bar appear, and in the face
   Of this august assembly prove his right?

      [1] An insurrectionary muster of the nobles.

   CASTELLAN OF CRACOW.
   Honor and justice both demand he should;
   It were unseemly to refuse his prayer.

   BISHOP OF WERMELAND.
   The documents on which he rests have been
   Examined, and are found authentic. We
   May give him audience.

   SEVERAL DEPUTIES.
               Nay! We must, we must!

   LEO SAPIEHA.
   To hear is to admit his right.

   ODOWALSKY.
                   And not
   To hear is to reject his claims unheard.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
   Is it your will that he have audience?
   I ask it for the second time--and third.

   IMPERIAL CHANCELLOR.
   Let him stand forth before our throne!

   SENATORS.
                       And speak!

   DEPUTIES.
   Yes, yes! Let him be heard!

      [The Imperial GRAND MARSHAL beckons with his baton
      to the doorkeeper, who goes out.

   LEO SAPIEHA (to the CHANCELLOR).
                  Write down, my lord,
   That here I do protest against this step,
   And all that may ensue therefrom, to mar
   The peace of Poland's state and Moscow's crown.

      [Enters DEMETRIUS. Advances some steps towards the throne,
      and makes three bows with his head uncovered, first to the KING,
      next to the SENATORS, and then to the DEPUTIES, who all severally
      answer with an inclination of the head. He then takes up his
      position so as to keep within his eye a great portion of the
      assemblage, and yet not to turn his back upon the throne.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
   Prince Dmitri, son of Ivan! if the pomp
   Of this great Diet scare thee, or a sight
   So noble and majestic chain thy tongue,
   Thou may'st--for this the senate have allowed--
   Choose thee a proxy, wheresoe'er thou list,
   And do thy mission by another's lips.

   DEMETRIUS.
   My lord archbishop, I stand here to claim
   A kingdom, and the state of royalty.
   'Twould ill beseem me should I quake before
   A noble people, and its king and senate.
   I ne'er have viewed a circle so august,
   But the sight swells my heart within my breast
   And not appals me. The more worthy ye,
   To me ye are more welcome; I can ne'er
   Address my claim to nobler auditory.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
    . . . .         The august republic
   Is favorably bent.     . . . .

   DEMETRIUS.
   Most puissant king! Most worthy and most potent
   Bishops and palatines, and my good lords,
   The deputies of the august republic!
   It gives me pause and wonder to behold
   Myself, Czar Ivan's son, now stand before
   The Polish people in their Diet here.
   Both realms were sundered by a bloody hate,
   And, whilst my father lived, no peace might be.
   Yet now hath Heaven so ordered these events,
   That I, his blood, who with my nurse's milk
   Imbibed the ancestral hate, appear before you
   A fugitive, compelled to seek my rights
   Even here in Poland's heart. Then, ere I speak,
   Forget magnanimously all rancors past,
   And that the Czar, whose son I own myself,
   Rolled war's red billows to your very homes.
   I stand before you, sirs, a prince despoiled.
   I ask protection. The oppressed may urge
   A sacred claim on every noble breast.
   And who in all earth's circuit shall be just,
   If not a people great and valiant,--one
   In plenitude of power so free, it needs
   To render 'count but to itself alone,
   And may, unchallenged, lend an open ear
   And aiding hand to fair humanity.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
   You do allege you are Czar Ivan's son;
   And truly, nor your bearing nor your speech
   Gainsays the lofty title that you urge,
   But shows us that you are indeed his son.
   And you shall find that the republic bears
   A generous spirit. She has never quailed
   To Russia in the field! She loves, alike,
   To be a noble foe--a cordial friend.

   DEMETRIUS.
   Ivan Wasilowitch, the mighty Czar
   Of Moscow, took five spouses to his bed,
   In the long years that spared him to the throne.
   The first, a lady of the heroic line
   Of Romanoff, bare him Feodor, who reigned
   After his father's death. One only son,
   Dmitri, the last blossom of his strength,
   And a mere infant when his father died,
   Was born of Marfa, of Nagori's line.
   Czar Feodor, a youth, alike effeminate
   In mind and body, left the reins of power
   To his chief equerry, Boris Godunow,
   Who ruled his master with most crafty skill.
   Feodor was childless, and his barren bride
   Denied all prospect of an heir. Thus, when
   The wily Boiar, by his fawning arts,
   Had coiled himself into the people's favor,
   His wishes soared as high as to the throne.
   Between him and his haughty hopes there stood
   A youthful prince, the young Demetrius
   Iwanowitsch, who with his mother lived
   At Uglitsch, where her widowhood was passed.
   Now, when his fatal purpose was matured,
   He sent to Uglitsch ruffians, charged to put
   The Czarowitsch to death.
   One night, when all was hushed, the castle's wing,
   Where the young prince, apart from all the rest,
   With his attendants lay, was found on fire.
   The raging flames ingulfed the pile; the prince
   Unseen, unheard, was spirited away,
   And all the world lamented him as dead.
   All Moscow knows these things to be the truth.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
   Yes, these are facts familiar to us all.
   The rumor ran abroad, both far and near,
   That Prince Demetrius perished in the flames
   When Uglitsch was destroyed. And, as his death
   Raised to the throne the Czar who fills it now,
   Fame did not hesitate to charge on him
   This murder foul and pitiless. But yet,
   His death is not the business now in hand!
   This prince is living still! He lives in you!
   So runs your plea. Now bring us to the proofs!
   Whereby do you attest that you are he?
   What are the signs by which you shall be known?
   How 'scaped you those were sent to hunt you down
   And now, when sixteen years are passed, and you
   Well nigh forgot, emerge to light once more?

   DEMETRIUS.
   'Tis scarce a year since I have known myself;
   I lived a secret to myself till then,
   Surmising naught of my imperial birth.
   I was a monk with monks, close pent within
   The cloister's precincts, when I first began
   To waken to a consciousness of self.
   My impetuous spirit chafed against the bars,
   And the high blood of princes began to course
   In strange unbidden moods along my veins.
   At length I flung the monkish cowl aside,
   And fled to Poland, where the noble Prince
   Of Sendomir, the generous, the good,
   Took me as guest into his princely house,
   And trained me up to noble deeds of arms.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
   How? You still ignorant of what you were?
   Yet ran the rumor then on every side,
   That Prince Demetrius was still alive.
   Czar Boris trembled on his throne, and sent
   His sassafs to the frontiers, to keep
   Sharp watch on every traveller that stirred.
   Had not the tale its origin with you?
   Did you not give the rumor birth yourself?
   Had you not named to any that you were
   Demetrius?

   DEMETRIUS.
         I relate that which I know.
   If a report went forth I was alive,
   Then had some god been busy with the fame.
   Myself I knew not. In the prince's house,
   And in the throng of his retainers lost,
   I spent the pleasant springtime of my youth.
                In silent homage
   My heart was vowed to his most lovely daughter.
   Yet in those days it never dreamed to raise
   Its wildest thoughts to happiness so high.
   My passion gave offence to her betrothed,
   The Castellan of Lemberg. He with taunts
   Chafed me, and in the blindness of his rage
   Forgot himself so wholly as to strike me.
   Thus savagely provoked, I drew my sword;
   He, blind with fury, rushed upon the blade,
   And perished there by my unwitting hand.

   MEISCHEK.
   Yes, it was even so.

   DEMETRIUS.
   Mine was the worst mischance! A nameless youth,
   A Russian and a stranger, I had slain
   A grandee of the empire--in the house
   Of my kind patron done a deed of blood,
   And sent to death his son-in-law and friend.
   My innocence availed not; not the pity
   Of all his household, nor his kindness--his,
   The noble Palatine's,--could save my life;
   For it was forfeit to the law, that is,
   Though lenient to the Poles, to strangers stern.
   Judgment was passed on me--that judgment death.
   I knelt upon the scaffold, by the block;
   To the fell headsman's sword I bared my throat,
   And in the act disclosed a cross of gold,
   Studded with precious gems, which had been hung
   About my neck at the baptismal font.
   This sacred pledge of Christian redemption
   I had, as is the custom of my people,
   Worn on my neck concealed, where'er I went,
   From my first hours of infancy; and now,
   When from sweet life I was compelled to part,
   I grasped it as my only stay, and pressed it
   With passionate devotion to my lips.

      [The Poles intimate their sympathy by dumb show.

   The jewel was observed; its sheen and worth
   Awakened curiosity and wonder.
   They set me free, and questioned me; yet still
   I could not call to memory a time
   I had not worn the jewel on my person.
   Now it so happened that three Boiars who
   Had fled from the resentment of their Czar
   Were on a visit to my lord at Sambor.
   They saw the trinket,--recognized it by
   Nine emeralds alternately inlaid
   With amethysts, to be the very cross
   Which Ivan Westislowsky at the font
   Hung on the neck of the Czar's youngest son.
   They scrutinized me closer, and were struck
   To find me marked with one of nature's freaks,
   For my right arm is shorter than my left.
   Now, being closely plied with questions, I
   Bethought me of a little psalter which
   I carried from the cloister when I fled.
   Within this book were certain words in Greek
   Inscribed there by the Igumen himself.
   What they imported was unknown to me,
   Being ignorant of the language. Well, the psalter
   Was sent for, brought, and the inscription read.
   It bore that Brother Wasili Philaret
   (Such was my cloister-name), who owned the book,
   Was Prince Demetrius, Ivan's youngest son,
   By Andrei, an honest Diak, saved
   By stealth in that red night of massacre.
   Proofs of the fact lay carefully preserved
   Within two convents, which were pointed out.
   On this the Boiars at my feet fell down,
   Won by the force of these resistless proofs,
   And hailed me as the offspring of their Czar.
   So from the yawning gulfs of black despair
   Fate raised me up to fortune's topmost heights.
   And now the mists cleared off, and all at once
   Memories on memories started into life
   In the remotest background of the past.
   And like some city's spires that gleam afar
   In golden sunshine when naught else is seen,
   So in my soul two images grew bright,
   The loftiest sun-peaks in the shadowy past.
   I saw myself escaping one dark night,
   And a red lurid flame light up the gloom
   Of midnight darkness as I looked behind me
   A memory 'twas of very earliest youth,
   For what preceded or came after it
   In the long distance utterly was lost.
   In solitary brightness there it stood
   A ghastly beacon-light on memory's waste.
   Yet I remembered how, in later years,
   One of my comrades called me, in his wrath
   Son of the Czar. I took it as a jest,
   And with a blow avenged it at the time.
   All this now flashed like lightning on my soul,
   And told with dazzling certainty that I
   Was the Czar's son, so long reputed dead.
   With this one word the clouds that had perplexed
   My strange and troubled life were cleared away.
   Nor merely by these signs, for such deceive;
   But in my soul, in my proud, throbbing heart
   I felt within me coursed the blood of kings;
   And sooner will I drain it drop by drop
   Than bate one jot my title to the crown.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
   And shall we trust a scroll which might have found
   Its way by merest chance into your hands
   Backed by the tale of some poor renegades?
   Forgive me, noble youth! Your tone, I grant,
   And bearing, are not those of one who lies;
   Still you in this may be yourself deceived.
   Well may the heart be pardoned that beguiles
   Itself in playing for so high a stake.
   What hostage do you tender for your word?

   DEMETRIUS.
   I tender fifty, who will give their oaths,--
   All Piasts to a man, and free-born Poles
   Of spotless reputation,--each of whom
   Is ready to enforce what I have urged.
   There sits the noble Prince of Sendomir,
   And at his side the Castellan of Lublin;
   Let them declare if I have spoke the truth.

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN.
   How seem these things to the august Estates?
   To the enforcement of such numerous proofs
   Doubt and mistrust, methinks, must needs give way.
   Long has a creeping rumor filled the world
   That Dmitri, Ivan's son, is still alive.
   The Czar himself confirms it by his fears.
   --Before us stands a youth, in age and mien
   Even to the very freak that nature played,
   The lost heir's counterpart, and of a soul
   Whose noble stamp keeps rank with his high claims.
   He left a cloister's precincts, urged by strange,
   Mysterious promptings; and this monk-trained boy
   Was straight distinguished for his knightly feats.
   He shows a trinket which the Czarowitsch
   Once wore, and one that never left his side;
   A written witness, too, by pious hands,
   Gives us assurance of his princely birth;
   And, stronger still, from his unvarnished speech
   And open brow truth makes his best appeal.
   Such traits as these deceit doth never don;
   It masks its subtle soul in vaunting words,
   And in the high-glossed ornaments of speech.
   No longer, then, can I withhold the title
   Which he with circumstance and justice claims
   And, in the exercise of my old right,
   I now, as primate, give him the first voice.

   ARCHBISHOP OF LEMBERG.
   My voice goes with the primate's.

   SEVERAL VOICES.
                     So does mine.

   SEVERAL PALATINES.
   And mine!

   ODOWALSKY.
         And mine.

   DEPUTIES.
              And all!

   SAPIEHA.
                   My gracious sirs!
   Weigh well ere you decide! Be not so hasty!
   It is not meet the council of the realm
   Be hurried on to----

   ODOWALSKY.
             There is nothing here
   For us to weigh; all has been fully weighed.
   The proofs demonstrate incontestably.
   This is not Moscow, sirs! No despot here
   Keeps our free souls in manacles. Here truth
   May walk by day or night with brow erect.
   I will not think, my lords, in Cracow here,
   Here in the very Diet of the Poles,
   That Moscow's Czar should have obsequious slaves.

   DEMETRIUS.
   Oh, take my thanks, ye reverend senators!
   That ye have lent your credence to these proofs;
   And if I be indeed the man whom I
   Protest myself, oh, then, endure not this
   Audacious robber should usurp my seat,
   Or longer desecrate that sceptre which
   To me, as the true Czarowitsch, belongs.
   Yes, justice lies with me,--you have the power.
   'Tis the most dear concern of every state
   And throne, that right should everywhere prevail,
   And all men in the world possess their own.
   For there, where justice holds uncumbered sway,
   There each enjoys his heritage secure,
   And over every house and every throne
   Law, truth, and order keep their angel watch.
   It is the key-stone of the world's wide arch,
   The one sustaining and sustained by all,
   Which, if it fail, brings all in ruin down.

      (Answers of SENATORS giving assent to DEMETRIUS.)

   DEMETRIUS.
   Oh, look on me, renowned Sigismund!
   Great king, on thine own bosom turn thine eyes.
   And in my destiny behold thine own.
   Thou, too, hast known the rude assaults of fate;
   Within a prison camest thou to the world;
   Thy earliest glances fell on dungeon walls.
   Thou, too, hadst need of friends to set thee free,
   And raise thee from a prison to a throne.
   These didst thou find. That noble kindness thou
   Didst reap from them, oh, testify to me.
   And you, ye grave and honored councillors,
   Most reverend bishops, pillars of the church,
   Ye palatines and castellans of fame,
   The moment has arrived, by one high deed,
   To reconcile two nations long estranged.
   Yours be the glorious boast, that Poland's power
   Hath given the Muscovites their Czar, and in
   The neighbor who oppressed you as a foe
   Secure an ever-grateful friend. And you,
   The deputies of the august republic,
   Saddle your steeds of fire! Leap to your seats!
   To you expand high fortune's golden gates;
   I will divide the foeman's spoil with you.
   Moscow is rich in plunder; measureless
   In gold and gems, the treasures of the Czar;
   I can give royal guerdons to my friends,
   And I will give them, too. When I, as Czar,
   Set foot within the Kremlin, then, I swear,
   The poorest of you all, that follows me,
   Shall robe himself in velvet and in sables;
   With costly pearls his housings shall he deck,
   And silver be the metal of least worth,
   That he shall shoe his horses' hoofs withal.

      [Great commotion among the DEPUTIES. KORELA, Hetman
      of the Cossacks, declares himself ready to put himself
      at the head of an army.

   ODOWALSKY.
   How! shall we leave the Cossack to despoil us
   At once of glory and of booty both?
   We've made a truce with Tartar and with Turk,
   And from the Swedish power have naught to fear.
   Our martial spirit has been wasting long
   In slothful peace; our swords are red with rust.
   Up! and invade the kingdom of the Czar,
   And win a grateful and true-hearted friend,
   Whilst we augment our country's might and glory.

   MANY DEPUTIES.
   War! War with Moscow!

   OTHERS.
               Be it so resolved!
   On to the votes at once!

   SAPIEHA (rises).
                Grand marshal, please
   To order silence! I desire to speak.

   A CROWD OF VOICES.
   War! War with Moscow!

   SAPIEHA.
               Nay, I will be heard.
   Ho, marshal, do your duty!

      [Great tumult within and outside the hall.

   GRAND MARSHAL.
                 'Tis, you see,
   Quite fruitless.

   SAPIEHA.
            What? The marshal's self suborned?
   Is this our Diet, then, no longer free?
   Throw down your staff, and bid this brawling cease;
   I charge you, on your office, to obey!

      [The GRAND MARSHAL casts his baton into the centre
      of the hall; the tumult abates.

   What whirling thoughts, what mad resolves are these?
   Stand we not now at peace with Moscow's Czar?
   Myself, as your imperial envoy, made
   A treaty to endure for twenty years;
   I raised this right hand, that you see, aloft
   In solemn pledge, within the Kremlin's walls;
   And fairly hath the Czar maintained his word.
   What is sworn faith? what compacts, treaties, when
   A solemn Diet tramples on them all?

   DEMETRIUS.
   Prince Leo Sapieha! You concluded
   A bond of peace, you say, with Moscow's Czar?
   That did you not; for I, I am that Czar.
   In me is Moscow's majesty; I am
   The son of Ivan, and his rightful heir.
   Would the Poles treat with Russia for a peace,
   Then must they treat with me! Your compact's null,
   As being made with one whose's title's null.

   ODOWALSKY.
   What reck we of your treaty? So we willed
   When it was made--our wills are changed to-day.

   SAPIEHA.
   Is it, then, come to this? If none beside
   Will stand for justice, then, at least, will I.
   I'll rend the woof of cunning into shreds,
   And lay its falsehoods open to the day.
   Most reverend primate! art thou, canst thou be
   So simple-souled, or canst thou so dissemble?
   Are ye so credulous, my lords? My liege,
   Art thou so weak? Ye know not--will not know,
   Ye are the puppets of the wily Waywode
   Of Sendomir, who reared this spurious Czar,
   Whose measureless ambition, while we speak,
   Clutches in thought the spoils of Moscow's wealth.
   Is't left for me to tell you that even now
   The league is made and sworn betwixt the twain,--
   The pledge the Waywode's youngest daughter's hand?
   And shall our great republic blindly rush
   Into the perils of an unjust war,
   To aggrandize the Waywode, and to crown
   His daughter as the empress of the Czar?
   There's not a man he has not bribed and bought.
   He means to rule the Diet, well I know;
   I see his faction rampant in this hall,
   And, as 'twere not enough that he controlled
   The Seym Walmy by a majority,
   He's girt the Diet with three thousand horse,
   And all Cracow is swarming like a hive
   With his sworn feudal vassals. Even now
   They throng the halls and chambers where we sit,
   To hold our liberty of speech in awe.
   Yet stirs no fear in my undaunted heart;
   And while the blood keeps current in my veins,
   I will maintain the freedom of my voice!
   Let those who think like men come stand by me
   Whilst I have life shall no resolve be passed
   That is at war with justice and with reason.
   'Twas I that ratified the peace with Moscow,
   And I will hazard life to see it kept.

   ODOWALSKY.
   Give him no further hearing! Take the votes!

      [The BISHOP OF CRACOW and WILNA rise, and descend
      each to his own side, to collect the votes.

   MANY.
   War, war with Moscow!

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN (to SAPIEHA).
               Noble sir, give way!
   You see the mass are hostile to your views;
   Then do not force a profitless division!

   IMPERIAL HIGH CHANCELLOR (descends from the throne to SAPIEHA).
   The king entreats you will not press the point,
   Sir Waywode, to division in the Diet.

   DOORKEEPER (aside to ODOWALSKY).
   Keep a bold front, and fearless--summon those
   That wait without. All Cracow stands by you.

   IMPERIAL GRAND MARSHAL (to SAPIEHA).
   Such excellent decrees have passed before;
   Oh, cease, and for their sake, so fraught with good,
   Unite your voice with the majority!

   BISHOP OF CRACOW (has collected the votes on his side).
   On this right bench are all unanimous.

   SAPIEHA.
   And let them to a man! Yet I say no!
   I urge my veto--I break up the Diet.
   Stay further progress! Null and void fire all
   The resolutions passed----

      [General commotion; the KING descends from the throne,
      the barriers are broken down, and there arises a tumultuous
      uproar. DEPUTIES draw their swords, and threaten SAPIEHA
      with them. The BISHOPS interpose, and protect him with
      their stoles.

                 Majority?
   What is it? The majority is madness;
   Reason has still ranked only with the few.
   What cares he for the general weal that's poor?
   Has the lean beggar choice, or liberty?
   To the great lords of earth, that hold the purse,
   He must for bread and raiment sell his voice.
   'Twere meet that voices should be weighed, not counted.
   Sooner or later must the state be wrecked,
   Where numbers sway and ignorance decides.

   ODOWALSKY.
   Hark to the traitor!----

   DEPUTIES.
               Hew him into shreds!
   Down with him!

   ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN (snatches the crucifix out of his chaplain's hand
              and interposes).
           Peace, peace
   Shall native blood be in the Diet shed?
   Prince Sapieha! be advised!
      [To the BISHOPS.
                  Bring him away,
   And interpose your bosoms as his shield!
   Through this side door remove him quietly,
   Or the wild mob will tear him limb from limb!

      [SAPIEHA, still casting looks of defiance, is forced
      away by the BISHOPS, whilst the ARCHBISHOPS OF GNESEN
      and LEMBERG keep the DEPUTIES at bay. Amidst violent
      tumult and clashing of arms, the hall is emptied of all
      but DEMETRIUS, MEISCHEK, ODOWALSKY, and the Hetman of
      the Cossacks.

   ODOWALSKY.
   That point miscarried,--
   Yet shall you not lack aid because of this:
   If the republic holds the peace with Moscow,
   At our own charges we shall push your claims.

   KORELA.
   Who ever could have dreamed, that he alone
   Would hold his ground against the assembled Diet?

   MEISCHEK.
   The king! the king!

      [Enter KING SIGISMUND, attended by the LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR,
      the GRAND MARSHAL, and several BISHOPS.

   KING.
              Let me embrace you, prince!
   At length the high republic does you justice;
   My heart has done so long, and many a day.
   Your fate doth move me deeply, as, indeed,
   What monarch's heart but must be moved by it?

   DEMETRIUS.
   The past, with all its sorrows, is forgot;
   Here on your breast I feel new life begin.

   KING.
   I love not many words; yet what a king
   May offer, who has vassals richer far
   Than his poor self, that do I offer you.
   You have been witness of an untoward scene,
   But deem not ill of Poland's realm because
   A tempest jars the vessel of the state.

   MEISCHEK.
   When winds are wild the steersman backs his helm,
   And makes for port with all the speed he may.

   KING.
   The Diet is dissolved. Although I wished,
   I could not break the treaty with the Czar.
   But you have powerful friends; and if the Pole,
   At his own risk, take arms on your behalf,
   Or if the Cossack choose to venture war,
   They are free men, I cannot say them nay.

   MEISCHEK.
   The whole Rocoss is under arms already.
   Please it but you, my liege, the angry stream
   That raved against your sovereignty may turn
   Its wrath on Moscow, leaving you unscathed.

   KING.
   The best of weapons Russia's self will give thee;
   Thy surest buckler is the people's heart.
   By Russia only Russia will be vanquished.
   Even as the Diet heard thee speak to-day,
   Speak thou at Moscow to thy subjects, prince.
   So chain their hearts, and thou wilt be their king.
   In Sweden I by right of birth ascended
   The throne of my inheritance in peace;
   Yet did I lose the kingdom of my sires
   Because my people's hearts were not with me.

            Enter MARINA.

   MEISCHEK.
   My gracious liege, here, kneeling at your feet,
   Behold Marina, youngest of my daughters;
   The prince of Moscow offers her his heart.
   Thou art the stay and pillar of our house,
   And only from thy royal hand 'tis meet
   That she receive her spouse and sovereign.

      [MARINA kneels to the KING.

   KING.
   Well, if you wish it, cousin, gladly I
   Will do the father's office to the Czar.

      [To DEMETRIUS, giving him MARINA'S hand.

   Thus do I bring you, in this lovely pledge,
   High fortune's blooming goddess; and may these
   Old eyes be spared to see this gracious pair
   Sit in imperial state on Moscow's throne.

   MARINA.
   My liege, I humbly thank your grace, and shall
   Esteem me still your slave where'er I be.

   KING.
   Rise up, Czaritza! This is not a place
   For you, the plighted bridesmaid of the Czar;
   For you, the daughter of my foremost Waywode.
   You are the youngest of your sisters; yet
   Your spirit wings a high and glorious course,
   And nobly grasps the top of sovereignty.

   DEMETRIUS.
   Be thou, great monarch, witness of my oath,
   As, prince to prince, I pledge it here to you!
   This noble lady's hand I do accept
   As fortune's dearest pledge, and swear that, soon
   As on my father's throne I take my seat,
   I'll lead her home in triumph as my bride,
   With all the state that fits a mighty queen.
   And, for a dowry, to my bride I give
   The principalities Pleskow and Great Neugart,
   With all towns, hamlets, and in-dwellers there,
   With all the rights and powers of sovereignty,
   In absolute possession evermore;
   And this, my gift, will I as Czar confirm
   In my free city, Moscow. Furthermore,
   As compensation to her noble sire
   For present charges, I engage to pay
   A million ducats, Polish currency.
   So help me God, and all his saints, as I
   Have truly sworn this oath, and shall fulfil it.

   KING.
   You will do so; you never will forget
   For what you are the noble Waywode's debtor;
   Who, for your wishes, perils his sure wealth,
   And, for your hopes, a child his heart adores,
   A friend so rare is to be rarely prized!
   Then when your hopes are crowned forget not ever
   The steps by which you mounted to the throne,
   Nor with your garments let your heart be changed!
   Think, that in Poland first you knew yourself,
   That this land gave you birth a second time.

   DEMETRIUS.
   I have been nurtured in adversity;
   And learned to reverence the beauteous bond
   Which links mankind with sympathies of love.

   KING.
   But now you enter on a realm where all--
   Use, custom, morals--are untried and strange,
   In Poland here reigns freedom absolute;
   The king himself, although in pomp supreme,
   Must ofttime be the serf of his noblesse;
   But there the father's sacred power prevails,
   And in the subject finds a passive slave.

   DEMETRIUS.
   That glorious freedom which surrounds me here
   I will transplant into my native land,
   And turn these bond-serfs into glad-souled men;
   Not o'er the souls of slaves will I bear rule.

   KING.
   Do naught in haste; but by the time be led!
   Prince, ere we part, three lessons take from me,
   And truly follow them when thou art king.
   It is a king that gives them, old and tried,
   And they may prove of profit to thy youth.

   DEMETRIUS.
   Oh, share thy wisdom with me! Thou hast won
   The reverence of a free and mighty people;
   What must I do to earn so fair a prize?

   KING.
         You come from a strange land,
   Borne on the weapons of a foreign foe;
   This first felt wrong thou hast to wash away.
   Then bear thee like a genuine son of Moscow,
   With reverence due to all her usages.
   Keep promise with the Poles, and value them,
   For thou hast need of friends on thy new throne:
   The arm that placed thee there can hurl thee down.
   Esteem them honorably, yet ape them not;
   Strange customs thrive not in a foreign soil.
   And, whatsoe'er thou dost, revere thy mother--
   You'll find a mother----

   DEMETRIUS.
               Oh, my liege!

   KING.
                       High claim
   Hath she upon thy filial reverence.
   Do her all honor. 'Twixt thy subjects and
   Thyself she stands, a sacred, precious link.
   No human law o'errides the imperial power;
   Nothing but nature may command its awe;
   Nor can thy people own a surer pledge,
   That thou art gentle, than thy filial love.
   I say no more. Much yet is to be done,
   Ere thou mak'st booty of the golden fleece.
   Expect no easy victory!
   Czar Boris rules with strong and skilful hand;
   You take the field against no common man.
   He that by merit hath achieved the throne,
   Is not puffed from his seat by popular breath;
   His deeds do serve to him for ancestors.
   To your good fortune I commend you now;
   Already twice, as by a miracle,
   Hath it redeemed you from the grasp of death;
   'Twill put the finish on its work, and crown you.

      [Exeunt omnes but MARINA and ODOWALSKY.

   ODOWALSKY.
   Say, lady, how have I fulfilled my charge?
   Truly and well, and wilt thou laud my zeal?

   MARINA.
   'Tis, Odowalsky, well we are alone;
   Matters of weight have we to canvass which
   'Tis meet the prince know nothing of. May he
   Pursue the voice divine that goads him on!
   If in himself he have belief, the world
   Will catch the flame, and give him credence too.
   He must be kept in that vague, shadowing mist,
   Which is a fruitful mother of great deeds,
   While we see clear, and act in certainty.
   He lends the name--the inspiration; we
   Must bear the brain, the shaping thought, for him;
   And when, by art and craft, we have insured
   The needful levies, let him still dream on,
   And think they dropped, to aid him, from the clouds.

   ODOWALSKY.
   Give thy commands: I live but for thy service.
   Think'st thou this Moscovite or his affairs
   Concern my thoughts? 'Tis thou, thou and thy glory
   For which I will adventure life and all.
   For me no fortune blossoms; friendless, landless,
   I dare not let my hopes aspire to thee.
   Thy grace I may not win, but I'll deserve it.
   To make thee great be my one only aim;
   Then, though another should possess thee, still
   Thou wilt be mine--being what I have made thee.

   MARINA.
   Therefore my whole heart do I pledge to thee;
   To thee I trust the acting of my thoughts.
   The king doth mean us false. I read him through.
   'Twas a concerted farce with Sapieha,
   A juggle, all! 'Twould please him well, belike,
   To see my father's power, which he dreads deeply,
   Enfeebled in this enterprise--the league
   Of the noblesse, which shook his heart with fear,
   Drawn off in this campaign on foreign bounds,
   While he himself sits neutral in the fray.
   He thinks to share our fortune, if we win;
   And if we lose, he hopes with greater ease
   To fix on us the bondage of his yoke.
   We stand alone. This die is cast. If he
   Cares for himself, we shall be selfish too.
   You lead the troops to Kioff. There let them swear
   Allegiance to the prince, and unto me;--
   Mark you, to me! 'Tis needful for our ends.
   I want your eye, and not your arm alone.

   ODOWALSKY.
   Command me--speak--

   MARINA.
             You lead the Czarowitsch.
   Keep your eye on him; stir not from his side,
   Render me 'count of every step he makes.

   ODOWALSKY.
   Rely on me, he'll never cast us off.

   MARINA.
   No man is grateful. Once his throne is sure,
   He'll not be slow to cast our bonds aside.
   The Russian hates the Pole--must hate him ever;
   No bond of amity can link their hearts.

      Enter OPALINSKY, BIELSKY, and several Polish noblemen.

   OPALINSKY.
   Fair patron, get us gold, and we march with you,
   This lengthened Diet has consumed our all.
   Let us have gold, we'll make thee Russia's queen.

   MARINA.
   The Bishop of Kaminieck and Culm
   Lends money on the pawn of land and serfs.
   Sell, barter, pledge the hamlets of your boors,
   Turn all to silver, horses, means of war!
   War is the best of chapmen. He transmutes
   Iron into gold. Whate'er you now may lose
   You'll find in Moscow twenty-fold again.

   BIELSKY.
   Two hundred more wait in the tavern yonder;
   If you will show yourself, and drain a cup
   With them, they're yours, all yours--I know them well.

   MARINA.
   Expect me! You shall introduce me to them.

   OPALINSKY.
   'Tis plain that you were born to be a queen.

   MARINA.
   I was, and therefore I must be a queen.

   BIELSKY.
   Ay, mount the snow-white steed, thine armor on,
   And so, a second Vanda, lead thy troops,
   Inspired by thee, to certain victory.

   MARINA.
   My spirit leads you. War is not for women.
   The rendezvous is in Kioff. Thither my father
   Will lead a levy of three thousand horse.
   My sister's husband gives two thousand more,
   And the Don sends a Cossack host in aid.
   Do you all swear you will be true to me?

   ALL.
   All, all--we swear! (draw their swords.)
   Vivat Marina, Russiae Regina!

      [MARINA tears her veil in pieces, and divides it among them.
      Exeunt omnes but MARINA.

      Enter MEISCHEK.

   MARINA.
   Wherefore so sad, when fortune smiles on us,
   When every step thrives to our utmost wish,
   And all around are arming in our cause?

   MEISCHEK.
   'Tis even because of this, my child! All, all
   Is staked upon the cast. Thy father's means
   Are in these warlike preparations swamped.
   I have much cause to ponder seriously;
   Fortune is false, uncertain the result.
   Mad, venturous girl, what hast thou brought me to?
   What a weak father have I been, that I
   Did not withstand thy importunities!
   I am the richest Waywode of the empire,
   The next in honor to the king. Had we
   But been content to be so, and enjoyed
   Our stately fortunes with a tranquil soul!
   Thy hopes soared higher--not for thee sufficed
   The moderate station which thy sisters won.
   Thou wouldst attain the loftiest mark that can
   By mortals be achieved, and wear a crown.
   I, thy fond, foolish father, longed to heap
   On thee, my darling one, all glorious gains,
   So by thy prayers I let myself be fooled,
   And peril my sure fortunes on a chance.

   MARINA.
   How? My dear father, dost thou rue thy goodness?
   Who with the meaner prize can live content,
   When o'er his head the noblest courts his grasp?

   MEISCHEK.
   Thy sisters wear no crowns, yet they are happy.

   MARINA.
   What happiness is that to leave the home
   Of the Waywode, my father, for the house
   Of some count palatine, a grateful bride?
   What do I gain of new from such a change?
   And can I joy in looking to the morrow
   When it brings naught but what was stale to-day?
   Oh, tasteless round of petty, worn pursuits!
   Oh, wearisome monotony of life!
   Are they a guerdon for high hopes, high aims?
   Or love or greatness I must have: all else
   Are unto me alike indifferent.
   Smooth off the trouble from thy brow, dear father!
   Let's trust the stream that bears us on its breast,
   Think not upon the sacrifice thou makest,
   Think on the prize, the goal that's to be won--
   When thou shalt see thy daughter robed in state,
   In regal state, aloft on Moscow's throne,
   And thy son's sons the rulers of the world!

   MEISCHEK.
   I think of naught, see naught, but thee, my child,
   Girt with the splendors of the imperial crown.
   Thou'rt bent to have it; I cannot gainsay thee.

   MARINA.
   Yet one request, my dearest, best of fathers,
   I pray you grant me!

   MEISCHEK.
              Name thy wish, my child.

   MARINA.
   Shall I remain shut up at Sambor with
   The fires of boundless longing in my breast?
   Beyond the Dnieper will my die be cast,
   While boundless space divides me from the spot;
   Can I endure it? Oh, the impatient spirit
   Will lie upon the rack of expectation
   And measure out this monstrous length of space
   With groans and anxious throbbings of the heart.

   MEISCHEK.
   What dost thou wish? What is it thou wouldst have?

   MARINA.
   Let me abide the issue in Kioff!
   There I can gather tidings at their source.
   There on the frontier of both kingdoms----

   MEISCHEK.
   Thy spirit's over-bold. Restrain it, child!

   MARINA.
   Yes, thou dost yield,--thou'lt take me with thee, then?

   MEISCHEK.
   Thou rulest me. Must I not do thy will?

   MARINA.
   My own dear father, when I am Moscow's queen
   Kioff, you know, must be our boundary.
   Kioff must then be mine, and thou shalt rule it.

   MEISCHEK.
   Thou dreamest, girl! Already the great Moscow
   Is for thy soul too narrow; thou, to grasp
   Domains, wilt strip them from thy native land.

   MARINA.
   Kioff belonged not to our native land;
   There the Varegers ruled in days of yore.
   I have the ancient chronicles by heart;
   'Twas from the Russian empire wrenched by force.
   I will restore it to its former crown.

   MEISCHEK.
   Hush, hush! The Waywode must not hear such talk.

      [Trumpet without. They're breaking up.




ACT II.




SCENE I.

      A Greek convent in a bleak district near the sea Belozero.
      A train of nuns, in black robes and veils, passes over the
      back of the stage. MARFA, in a white veil, stands apart
      from the others, leaning on a tombstone. OLGA steps out
      from the train, remains gazing at her for a time, and then
      advances to her.

   OLGA.
   And does thy heart not urge thee forth with us
   To taste reviving nature's opening sweets?
   The glad sun comes, the long, long night retires,
   The ice melts in the streams, and soon the sledge
   Will to the boat give place and summer swallow.
   The world awakes once more, and the new joy
   Woos all to leave their narrow cloister cells
   For the bright air and freshening breath of spring.
   And wilt thou only, sunk in lasting grief,
   Refuse to share the general exultation?

   MARFA.
   On with the rest, and leave me to myself!
   Let those rejoice who still have power to hope.
   The time that puts fresh youth in all the world
   Brings naught to me; to me the past is all,
   My hopes, my joys are with the things that were.

   OLGA.
   Dost thou still mourn thy son--still, still lament
   The sovereignty which thou has lost? Does time,
   Which pours a balm on every wounded heart,
   Lose all its potency with thee alone?
   Thou wert the empress of this mighty realm,
   The mother of a blooming son. He was
   Snatched from thee by a dreadful destiny;
   Into this dreary convent wert thou thrust,
   Here on the verge of habitable earth.
   Full sixteen times since that disastrous day
   The face of nature hath renewed its youth;
   Still have I seen no change come over thine,
   That looked a grave amid a blooming world.
   Thou'rt like some moonless image, carved in stone
   By sculptor's chisel, that doth ever keep
   The selfsame fixed unalterable mien.

   MARFA.
   Yes, time, fell time, hath signed and set me up
   As a memorial of my dreadful fate.
   I will not be at peace, will not forget.
   That soul must be of poor and shallow stamp
   Which takes a cure from time--a recompense
   For what can never be compensated!
   Nothing shall buy my sorrow from me. No,
   As heaven's vault still goes with the wanderer,
   Girds and environs him with boundless grasp,
   Turn where he will, by sea or land, so goes
   My anguish with me, wheresoe'er I turn;
   It hems me round, like an unbounded sea;
   My ceaseless tears have failed to drain its depths.

   OLGA.
   Oh, see! what news can yonder boy have brought,
   The sisters round him throng so eagerly?
   He comes from distant shores, where homes abound,
   And brings us tidings from the land of men.
   The sea is clear, the highways free once more.
   Art thou not curious to learn his news?
   Though to the world we are as good as dead,
   Yet of its changes willingly we hear,
   And, safe upon the shore, with wonder mark
   The roar and ferment of the trampling waves.

      [NUNS come down the stage with a FISHER BOY.

   XENIA--HELENA.
   Speak, speak, and tell us all the news you bring.

   ALEXIA.
   Relate what's passing in the world beyond.

   FISHER BOY.
   Good, pious ladies, give me time to speak!

   XENIA.
   Is't war--or peace?

   ALEXIA.
              Who's now upon the throne?

   FISHER BOY.
   A ship is to Archangel just come in
   From the north pole, where everything is ice.

   OLGA.
   How came a vessel into that wild sea?

   FISHER BOY.
   It is an English merchantman, and it
   Has found a new way out to get to us.

   ALEXIA.
   What will not man adventure for his gain?

   XENIA.
   And so the world is nowhere to be barred!

   FISHER BOY.
   But that's the very smallest of the news.
   'Tis something very different moves the world.

   ALEXIA.
   Oh, speak and tell us!

   OLGA.
               Say, what has occurred?

   FISHER BOY.
   We live to hear strange marvels nowadays:
   The dead rise up, and come to life again.

   OLGA.
   Explain yourself.

   FISHER BOY.
             Prince Dmitri, Ivan's son,
   Whom we have mourned for dead these sixteen years,
   Is now alive, and has appeared in Poland.

   OLGA.
   The prince alive?

   MARFA (starting).
             My son!

   OLGA.
                 Compose thyself!
   Calm down thy heart till we have learned the whole.

   ALEXIA.
   How can this possibly be so, when he
   Was killed, and perished in the flames at Uglitsch?

   FISHER BOY.
   He managed somehow to escape the fire,
   And found protection in a monastery.
   There he grew up in secrecy, until
   His time was come to publish who he was.

   OLGA (to MARFA).
   You tremble, princess! You grow pale!

   MARFA.
                       I know
   That it must be delusion, yet so little
   Is my heart steeled 'gainst fear and hope e'en now,
   That in my breast it flutters like a bird.

   OLGA.
   Why should it be delusion? Mark his words!
   How could this rumor spread without good cause?

   FISHER BOY.
   Without good cause? The Lithuanians
   And Poles are all in arms upon his side.
   The Czar himself quakes in his capital.

      [MARFA is compelled by her emotion to lean upon OLGA and ALEXIA.

   XENIA.
   Speak on, speak, tell us everything you know.

   ALEXIA.
   And tell us, too, of whom you stole the news.

   FISHER BOY.
   I stole the news? A letter has gone forth
   To every town and province from the Czar.
   This letter the Posadmik of our town
   Read to us all, in open market-place.
   It bore, that busy schemers were abroad,
   And that we should not lend their tales belief.
   But this made us believe them; for, had they
   Been false, the Czar would have despised the lie.

   MARFA.
   Is this the calm I thought I had achieved?
   And clings my heart so close to temporal things,
   That a mere word can shake my inward soul?
   For sixteen years have I bewailed my son,
   And yet at once believe that still he lives.

   OLGA.
   Sixteen long years thou'st mourned for him as dead,
   And yet his ashes thou hast never seen!
   Naught countervails the truth of the report.
   Nay, does not Providence watch o'er the fate
   Of kings and monarchies? Then welcome hope!
   More things befall than thou canst comprehend.
   Who can set limits to the Almighty's power?

   MARFA.
   Shall I turn back to look again on life,
   To which long since I spoke a sad farewell?
   It was not with the dead my hopes abode.
   Oh, say no more of this. Let not my heart
   Hang on this phantom hope! Let me not lose
   My darling son a second time. Alas!
   My peace of mind is gone,--my dream of peace
   I cannot trust these tidings,--yet, alas,
   I can no longer dash them from my soul!
   Woe's me, I never lost my son till now.
   Oh, now I can no longer tell if I
   Shall seek him 'mongst the living or the dead,
   Tossed on the rock of never-ending doubt.

   OLGA [A bell sounds,--the sister PORTERESS enters.
   Why has the bell been sounded, sister, say?

   PORTERESS.
   The lord archbishop waits without; he brings
   A message from the Czar, and craves an audience.

   OLGA.
   Does the archbishop stand within our gates?
   What strange occurrence can have brought him here?

   XENIA.
   Come all, and give him greeting as befits.

      [They advance towards the gate as the ARCHBISHOP enters;
      they all kneel before him, and he makes the sign of the
      Greek cross over them.

   ARCHBISHOP.
   The kiss of peace I bring you in the name
   Of Father, Son, and of the Holy Ghost,
   Proceeding from the Father!

   OLGA.
                  Sir, we kiss
   In humblest reverence thy paternal hand!
            Command thy daughters!

   ARCHBISHOP.
   My mission is addressed to Sister Marfa.

   OLGA.
   See, here she stands, and waits to know thy will.

      [All the NUNS withdraw.

   ARCHBISHOP.
   It is the mighty prince who sends me here;
   Upon his distant throne he thinks of thee;
   For as the sun, with his great eye of flame,
   Sheds light and plenty all abroad the world,
   So sweeps the sovereign's eye on every side;
   Even to the farthest limits of his realm
   His care is wakeful and his glance is keen.

   MARFA.
   How far his arm can strike I know too well.

   ARCHBISHOP.
   He knows the lofty spirit fills thy soul,
   And therefore feels indignantly the wrong
   A bold-faced villain dares to offer thee.
   Learn, then, in Poland, an audacious churl,
   A renegade, who broke his monkish vows,
   Laid down his habit, and renounced his God,
   Doth use the name and title of thy son,
   Whom death snatched from thee in his infancy.
   The shameless varlet boasts him of thy blood,
   And doth affect to be Czar Ivan's son;
   A Waywode breaks the peace; from Poland leads
   This spurious monarch, whom himself created,
   Across our frontiers, with an armed power:
   So he beguiles the Russians' faithful hearts,
   And lures them on to treason and revolt.
                   The Czar,
   With pure, paternal feeling, sends me to thee.
   Thou hold'st the manes of thy son in honor;
   Nor wilt permit a bold adventurer
   To steal his name and title from the tomb,
   And with audacious hand usurp his rights.
   Thou wilt proclaim aloud to all the world
   That thou dost own him for no son of thine.
   Thou wilt not nurse a bastard's alien blood
   Upon thy heart, that beats so nobly; never!
   Thou wilt--and this the Czar expects from thee--
   Give the vile counterfeit the lie, with all
   The righteous indignation it deserves.

   MARFA (who has during the last speech subdued the most violent emotion).
   What do I hear, archbishop? Can it be?
   Oh, tell me, by what signs and marks of proof
   This bold-faced trickster doth uphold himself
   As Ivan's son, whom we bewailed as dead?

   ARCHBISHOP.
   By some faint, shadowy likeness to the Czar,
   By documents which chance threw in his way,
   And by a precious trinket, which he shows,
   He cheats the credulous and wondering mob.

   MARFA.
   What is the trinket? Oh, pray, tell me what?

   ARCHBISHOP.
   A golden cross, gemmed with nine emeralds,
   Which Ivan Westislowsky, so he says,
   Hung round his neck at the baptismal font.

   MARFA.
   What do you say? He shows this trinket, this?

      [With forced composure.

   And how does he allege he came by it?

   ARCHBISHOP.
   A faithful servant and Diak, he says,
   Preserved him from the assassins and the flames,
   And bore him to Smolenskow privily.

   MARFA.
   But where was he brought up? Where, gives he forth,
   Was he concealed and fostered until now?

   ARCHBISHOP.
   In Tschudow's monastery he was reared,
   Unknowing who he was; from thence he fled
   To Lithuania and Poland, where
   He served the Prince of Sendomir, until
   An accident revealed his origin.

   MARFA.
   With such a tale as this can he find friends
   To peril life and fortune in his cause?

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Oh, madam, false, false-hearted is the Pole,
   And enviously he eyes our country's wealth.
   He welcomes every pretext that may serve
   To light the flames of war within our bounds!

   MARFA.
   And were there credulous spirits, even in Moscow,
   Could by this juggle be so lightly stirred?

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Oh, fickle, princess, is the people's heart!
   They dote on alteration, and expect
   To reap advantage from a change of rulers.
   The bold assurance of the falsehood charms;
   The marvellous finds favor and belief.
   Therefore the Czar is anxious thou shouldst quell
   This mad delusion, as thou only canst.
   A word from thee annihilates the traitor
   That falsely claims the title of thy son.
   It joys me thus to see thee moved. I see
   The audacious juggle rouses all thy pride,
   And, with a noble anger paints thy cheek.

   MARFA.
   And where, where, tell me, does he tarry now,
   Who dares usurp the title of my son?

   ARCHBISHOP.
   E'en now he's moving on to Tscherinsko;
   His camp at Kioff has broke up, 'tis rumored;
   And with a force of mounted Polish troops
   And Don Cossacks, he comes to push his claims.

   MARFA.
   Oh, God Almighty, thanks, thanks, thanks, that thou
   Hast sent me rescue and revenge at last!

   ARCHBISHOP.
   How, Marfa, how am I to construe this?

   MARFA.
   Ob, heavenly powers, conduct him safely here!
   Hover, oh all ye angels, round his banners!

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Can it be so? The traitor, canst thou trust----

   MARFA.
   He is my son. Yes! by these signs alone
   I recognize him. By thy Czar's alarm
   I recognize him. Yes! He lives! He comes!
   Down, tyrant, from thy throne, and shake with fear!
   There still doth live a shoot from Rurik's stem;
   The genuine Czar--the rightful heir draws nigh,
   He comes to claim a reckoning for his own.

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Dost thou bethink thee what thou say'st? 'Tis madness!

   MARFA.
   At length--at length has dawned the day of vengeance,
   Of restoration. Innocence is dragged
   To light by heaven from the grave's midnight gloom.
   The haughty Godunow, my deadly foe,
   Must crouch and sue for mercy at my feet;
   Oh, now my burning wishes are fulfilled!

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Can hate and rancorous malice blind you so?

   MARFA.
   Can terror blind your monarch so, that he
   Should hope deliverance from me--from me--
   Whom he hath done immeasurable wrong?
   I shall, forsooth, deny the son whom heaven
   Restores me by a miracle from the grave,
   And to please him, the butcher of my house,
   Who piled upon me woes unspeakable?
   Yes, thrust from me the succor God has sent
   In the sad evening of my heavy anguish?
   No, thou escap'st me not. No, thou shalt hear me,
   I have thee fast, I will not let thee free.
   Oh, I can ease my bosom's load at last!
   At last launch forth against mine enemy
   The long-pent anger of my inmost soul!
              Who was it, who,
   That shut me up within this living tomb,
   In all the strength and freshness of my youth,
   With all its feelings glowing in my breast?
   Who from my bosom rent my darling son,
   And chartered ruffian hands to take his life?
   Oh, words can never tell what I have suffered,
   When, with a yearning that would not be still,
   I watched throughout the long, long starry nights,
   And noted with my tears the hours elapse!
   The day of succor comes, and of revenge;
   I see the mighty glorying in his might.

   ARCHBISHOP.
   You think the Czar will dread you--you mistake.

   MARFA.
   He's in my power--one little word from me,
   One only, sets the seal upon his fate!
   It was for this thy master sent thee here!
   The eyes of Russia and of Poland now
   Are closely bent upon me. If I own
   The Czarowitsch as Ivan's son and mine,
   Then all will do him homage; his the throne.
   If I disown him, then he is undone;
   For who will credit that his rightful mother,
   A mother wronged, so foully wronged as I,
   Could from her heart repulse its darling child,
   To league with the despoilers of her house?
   I need but speak one word and all the world
   Deserts him as a traitor. Is't not so?
   This word you wish from me. That mighty service,
   Confess, I can perform for Godunow!

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Thou wouldst perform it for thy country, and
   Avert the dread calamities of war,
   Shouldst thou do homage to the truth. Thyself,
   Ay, thou hast ne'er a doubt thy son is dead;
   And couldst thou testify against thy conscience?

   MARFA.
   These sixteen years I've mourned his death; but yet
   I ne'er have seen his ashes. I believed
   His death, there trusting to the general voice
   And my sad heart--I now believe he lives,
   Trusting the general voice and my strong hope.
   'Twere impious, with audacious doubts, to seek
   To set a bound to the Almighty's will;
   And even were he not my heart's dear son,
   Yet should he be the son of my revenge.
   In my child's room I take him to my breast,
   Whom heaven has sent me to avenge my wrongs.

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Unhappy one, dost thou defy the strong?
   From his far-reaching arm thou art not safe
   Even in the convent's distant solitude.

   MARFA.
   Kill me he may, and stifle in the grave,
   Or dungeon's gloom, my woman's voice, that it
   Shall not reverberate throughout the world.
   This he may do; but force me to speak aught
   Against my will, that can he not; though backed
   By all thy craft--no, he has missed his aim!

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Is this thy final purpose. Ponder well!
   Hast thou no gentler message for the Czar?

   MARFA.
   Tell him to hope for heaven, if so he dare,
   And for his people's love, if so he can.

   ARCHBISHOP.
   Enough! thou art bent on thy destruction.
   Thou lean'st upon a reed, will break beneath thee;
   One common ruin will o'erwhelm ye both.

                     [Exit.

   MARFA.
   It is my son, I cannot doubt 'tis he.
   Even the wild hordes of the uncultured wastes
   Take arms upon his side; the haughty Pole,
   The palatine, doth stake his noble daughter
   On the pure gold of his most righteous cause,
   And I alone reject him--I, his mother?
   I, only I, shook not beneath the storm
   Of joy that lifts all hearts with dizzying whirl,
   And scatters turmoil widely o'er the earth.
   He is my son--I must, will trust in him,
   And grasp with living confidence the hand
   Which heaven hath sent for my deliverance.
   'Tis he, he comes with his embattled hosts,
   To set me free, and to avenge my shame!
   Hark to his drums, his martial trumpets' clang!
   Ye nations come--come from the east and south.
   Forth from your steppes, your immemorial woods
   Of every tongue, of every raiment come!
   Bridle the steed, the reindeer, and the camel!
   Sweep hither, countless as the ocean waves,
   And throng around the banners of your king!
   Oh, wherefore am I mewed and fettered here,
   A prisoned soul with longings infinite!
   Thou deathless sun, that circlest earth's huge ball,
   Be thou the messenger of my desires!
   Thou all-pervading, chainless breeze that sweep'st
   With lightning speed to earth's remotest bound,
   Oh, bear to him the yearnings of my heart.
   My prayers are all I have to give; but these
   I pour all glowing from my inmost soul,
   And send them up to heaven on wings of flame,
   Like armed hosts, I send them forth to hail him.




SCENE II.

      A height crowned with trees. A wide and smiling landscape
      occupies the background, which is traversed by a beautiful
      river, and enlivened by the budding green of spring. At
      various points the towers of several towns are visible.
      Drums and martial music without. Enter ODOWALSKY, and other
      officers, and immediately afterwards DEMETRIUS.

   ODOWALSKY.
   Go, lead the army downward by the wood,
   Whilst we look round us here upon the height.

            [Exeunt some of the officers.

      Enter DEMETRIUS.

   DEMETRIUS (starting back).
   Ha! what a prospect!

   ODOWALSKY.
              Sire, thou see'st thy kingdom
   Spread out before thee. That is Russian land.

   RAZIN.
   Why, e'en this pillar here bears Moscow's arms;
   Here terminates the empire of the Poles.

   DEMETRIUS.
   Is that the Dnieper, rolls its quiet stream
   Along these meadows?

   ODOWALSKY.
              That, sire, is the Desna;
   See, yonder rise the towers of Tschernizow!

   RAZIN.
   Yon gleam you see upon the far horizon
   Is from the roofs of Sewerisch Novogrod.

   DEMETRIUS.
   What a rich prospect! What fair meadow lands!

   ODOWALSKY.
   The spring has decked them with her trim array;
   A teeming harvest clothes the fruitful soil.

   DEMETRIUS.
   The view is lost in limitless expanse.

   RAZIN.
   Yet is this but a small beginning, sire,
   Of Russia's mighty empire. For it spreads
   Towards the east to confines unexplored,
   And on the north has ne'er a boundary,
   Save the productive energy of earth.
   Behold, our Czar is quite absorbed in thought.

   DEMETRIUS.
   On these fair meads dwell peace, unbroken peace,
   And with war's terrible array I come
   To scatter havoc, like a listed foe!

   ODOWALSKY.
   Hereafter 'twill be time to think of that.

   DEMETRIUS.
   Thou feelest as a Pole, I am Moscow's son.
   It is the land to which I owe my life;
   Forgive me, thou dear soil, land of my home,
   Thou sacred boundary-pillar, which I clasp,
   Whereon my sire his broad-spread eagle graved,
   That I, thy son, with foreign foemen's arms,
   Invade the tranquil temple of thy peace.
   'Tis to reclaim my heritage I come,
   And the proud name that has been stolen from me.
   Here the Varegers, my forefathers, ruled,
   In lengthened line, for thirty generations;
   I am the last of all their lineage, snatched
   From murder by God's special providence.




SCENE III.

      A Russian village. An open square before a church.
      The tocsin is heard. GLEB, ILIA, and TIMOSKA rush in,
      armed with hatchets.

   GLEB (entering from a house).
   Why are they running?

   ILIA (entering from another house).
               Who has tolled the bell.

   TIMOSKA.
   Neighbors, come forth! Come all, to council come!

      [Enter OLEG and IGOR, with many other peasants,
      women and children, who carry bundles.

   GLEB.
   Whence come ye hither with your wives and children?

   IGOR.
   Fly, fly! The Pole has fallen upon the land
   At Maromesk, and slaughters all he finds.

   OLEG.
   Fly into the interior--to strong towns!
   We've fired our cottages, there's not a soul
   Left in the village, and we're making now
   Up country for the army of the Czar.

   TIMOSKA.
   Here comes another troop of fugitives.

      [IWANSKA and PETRUSCHKA, with armed peasantry,
      enter on different sides.

   IWANSKA.
   Long live the Czar! The mighty prince Dmitri!

   GLEB.
   How! What is this!

   ILIA.
              What do you mean?

   TIMOSKA.
                       Who are you?

   PETRUSCHKA.
   Join all who're loyal to our princely line!

   TIMOSKA.
   What means all this? There a whole village flies
   Up country to escape the Poles, while you
   Make for the very point whence these have fled,
   To join the standard of the country's foe!

   PETRUSCHKA.
   What foe? It is no foe that comes; it is
   The people's friend, the emperor's rightful heir.


   *   *   *   *   *


The POSADMIK (the village judge) enters to read a manifesto by Demetrius.
Vacillation of the inhabitants of the village between the two parties.
The peasant women are the first to be won over to Demetrius, and turn the
scale.


Camp of DEMETRIUS. He is worsted in the first action, but the army of
the Czar Boris conquers in a manner against its will, and does not follow
up its advantages. Demetrius, in despair, is about to destroy himself,
and is with difficulty prevented from doing so by Korela and Odowalsky.
Overbearing demeanor of the Cossacks even to DEMETRIUS.


Camp of the army of the CZAR BORIS. He is absent himself, and this
injures his cause, as he is feared but not loved. His army is strong,
but not to be relied on. The leaders are not unanimous, and partly
incline to the side of Demetrius from a variety of motives. One of their
number, Soltikow, declares for him from conviction. His adherence is
attended with the most important results; a large portion of the army
deserts to DEMETRIUS.


BORIS in Moscow. He still maintains his position as absolute ruler, and
has faithful servants around him; but already he is discomposed by evil
tidings. He is withheld from joining the army by apprehension of a
rebellion in Moscow. He is also ashamed as Czar to enter the field in
person against a traitor. Scene between him and the archbishop.


Bad news pours in from all sides, and Boris' danger grows momently more
imminent. He hears of the revolt of the peasantry and the provincial
towns,--of the inactivity and mutiny of the army,--of the commotions in
Moscow,--of the advance of Demetrius. Romanow, whom he has deeply
wronged, arrives in Moscow. This gives rise to new apprehensions. Now
come the tidings that the Boiars are flying to the camp of Demetrius, and
that the whole army has gone over to him.


BORIS and AXINIA. The Czar appears in a touching aspect as father, and
in the dialogue with his daughter unfolds his inmost nature.


BORIS has made his way to the throne by crime, but undertaken and
fulfilled all the duties of a monarch; to the country he is a valuable
prince and a true father of his people. It is only in his personal
dealings with individuals that he is cunning, revengeful, and cruel. His
spirit as well as his rank elevates him above all that surround him. The
long possession of supreme power, the habit of ruling over men, and the
despotic form of government, have so nursed his pride that it is
impossible for him to outlive his greatness. He sees clearly what awaits
him; but still he is Czar, and not degraded, though he resolves to die.


He believes in forewarnings, and in his present mood things appear to him
of significance which, on other occasions, he had despised. A particular
circumstance, in which he seems to hear the voice of destiny, decides
him.


Shortly before his death his nature changes; he grows milder, even
towards the messengers of evil, and is ashamed of the bursts of rage with
which he had received them before. He permits the worst to be told to
him, and even rewards the narrator.


So soon as he learns the misfortune that seals his fate, he leaves the
stage without further explanation, with composure and resignation.
Shortly afterwards he returns in the habit of a monk, and removes his
daughter from the sight of his last moments. She is to seek protection
from insult in a cloister; his son, Feodor, as a child, will perhaps have
less to fear. He takes poison, and enters a retired chamber to die in
peace.

General confusion at the tidings of the Czar's death. The Boiars form an
imperial council and rule in the Kremlin. Romanow (afterwards Czar, and
founder of the now ruling house) enters at the head of an armed force,
swears, on the bosom of the Czar, an oath of allegiance to his son
Feodor, and compels the Boiars to follow his example. Revenge and
ambition are far from his soul; he pursues only justice. He loves Axinia
without hope, and is, without knowing it, beloved by her in return.


ROMANOW hastens to the army to secure it for the young Czar.
Insurrection in Moscow, brought about by the adherents of Demetrius.
The people drag the Boiars from their houses, make themselves masters
of Feodor and Axinia--put them in prison, and send delegates to
Demetrius.


DEMETRIUS in Tula, at the pinnacle of success. The army is his own; the
keys of numerous towns are brought to him. Moscow alone appears to offer
resistance. He is mild and amiable, testifies a noble emotion at the
intelligence of the death of Boris, pardons a detected conspiracy against
his life, despises the servile adulations of the Russians, and is for
sending them away. The Poles, on the other hand, by whom he is
surrounded, are rude and violent, and treat the Russians with contempt.
Demetrius longs for a meeting with his mother, and sends a messenger to
Marina.


Among the multitude of Russians who throng around Demetrius in Tula
appears a man whom he at once recognizes; he is greatly delighted to see
him. He bids all the rest withdraw, and so soon as he is alone with this
man he thanks him, with full heart, as his preserver and benefactor.
This person hints that Demetrius is under especial obligations to him,
and to a greater extent than he is himself aware. Demetrius urges him to
explain, and the assassin of the genuine Demetrius thereupon discloses
the real facts of the case. For this murder he had received no
recompense, but on the contrary had nothing but death to anticipate from
Boris. Thirsting for revenge, he stumbled upon a boy, whose resemblance
to the Czar Ivan struck him. This circumstance must be turned to
account. He seized the boy, fled with him from Uglitsch, brought him to
a monk, whom he succeeded in gaining over for his ends, and delivered to
him the trinkets which he had himself taken from the murdered Demetrius.
By means of this boy, whom he had never lost sight of, and whose steps he
had attended upon all occasions without being observed, he is now
revenged. His tool, the false Demetrius, rules over Russia in Boris'
room.


During this narration a mighty change comes over Demetrius. His silence
is awful. In the moment of the highest rage and despair, the assassin
drives him to the extreme of endurance, when with a defying and insolent
air he demands his reward. Demetrius strikes him to the earth.


Soliloquy of Demetrius. Internal conflict; but the feeling of the
necessity for maintaining his position as Czar is triumphant.


The delegates from Moscow arrive, and submit themselves to Demetrius.
They are received gloomily, and with a menacing demeanor. Among them is
the Patriarch. Demetrius deposes him from his dignity, and soon
afterwards sentences to death a Russian of rank, who had questioned the
authenticity of his birth.


MARFA and OLGA await Demetrius under a magnificent tent. Marfa speaks of
the approaching interview with more doubt and fear than hope, and
trembles as the moment draws near which should assure her highest
happiness. Olga speaks to her, herself without faith. During the long
journey they have both had time to recall the whole circumstances; the
first exultation had given place to reflection. The gloomy silence and
the repulsive glances of the guards who surround the tent serve still
further to augment their despondency.


The trumpets sound. Marfa is irresolute whether she shall advance to
meet Demetrius. Now he stands before her alone. The little that was
left of hope in her heart altogether vanishes on seeing him. An unknown
something steps between them--Nature does not speak--they are separated
forever. The first impulse is an endeavor to approach; Marfa is the
first to make a movement to recede. Demetrius observes it, and remains
for a moment paralyzed. Significant silence.

DEMETRIUS. Does thy heart say nothing? Dost thou not recognize thy
blood in me?

   MARFA is silent.

DEMETRIUS. The voice of nature is holy and free; I will neither
constrain nor belie it. Had thy heart spoken at the first glance then
had mine answered it; thou shouldst have found a pious, loving son in me.
The claim of duty would have concurred with inclination and heartfelt
affection. But if thou dost not feel as a mother for me, then, think as
a princess, command thyself as a queen! Fate unexpectedly gave me to
thee as a son; accept me as a gift of heaven. Though even I were not thy
son, which I now appear to be, still I rob thy son of nothing. I
stripped it from thy foe. Thee and thy blood have I avenged; I have
delivered thee from the grave in which thou went entombed alive, and led
thee back into the royal seat. That thy destiny is linked with mine thou
knowest. With me thou standest, and with me must fall. All the people's
eyes are upon us. I hate deception, and what I do not feel I may not
show; but I do really feel a reverence for thee, and this feeling, which
bends my knee before thee, comes from my heart.

   [Dumb show of MARFA, to indicate her internal emotion.

DEMETRIUS. Make thy resolve! Let that which nature will not prompt be
the free act of thy will! I ask no hypocrisy--no falsehood, from thee; I
ask genuine feelings. Do not seem to be my mother, but be so. Throw the
past from thee--grasp the present with thy whole heart! If I am not thy
son yet I am the Czar--I have power and success upon my side. He who
lies in his grave is dust; he has no heart to love thee, no eye to smile
upon thee. Turn to the living.

   [MARFA bursts into tears.

DEMETRIUS. Oh, these golden drops are welcome to me. Let them flow!
Show thyself thus to the people!

   [At a signal from DEMETRIUS the tent is thrown open, and
   the assembled Russians become spectators of this scene.


Entrance of Demetrius into Moscow. Great splendor, but of a military
kind. Poles and Cossacks compose the procession. Gloom and terror
mingle with the demonstrations of joy. Distrust and misfortune surround
the whole.


Romanow, who came to the army too late, has returned to Moscow to protect
Feodor and Axinia. It is all in vain; he is himself thrown into prison.
Axinia flies to Marfa, and at her feet implores protection against the
Poles. Here Demetrius sees her, and a violent and irresistible passion
is kindled in his breast. Axinia detests him.


DEMETRIUS as Czar. A fearful element sustains him, but he does not
control it: he is urged on by the force of strange passions. His inward
consciousness betokens a general distrust; he has no friend on whom he
can rely. Poles and Cossacks, by their insolent licentiousness, injure
him in the popular opinion. Even that which is creditable to him--his
popular manners, simplicity, and contempt of stiff ceremonial, occasions
dissatisfaction. Occasionally he offends, through inadvertency, the
usages of the country. He persecutes the monks because he suffered
severely under them. Moreover, he is not exempt from despotic caprices
in the moments of offended pride. Odowalsky knows how to make himself at
all times indispensable to him, removes the Russians to a distance, and
maintains his overruling influence.


DEMETRIUS meditates inconstancy to Marina. He confers upon the point
with the Archbishop Iob, who, in order to get rid of the Poles, falls in
with his desire, and puts before him an exalted picture of the imperial
power.


MARINA appears with a vast retinue in Moscow. Meeting with Demetrius.
Hollow and cold meeting on both sides; she, however, wears her disguise
with greater skill. She urges an immediate marriage. Preparations are
made for a magnificent festival.


By the orders of Marina a cup of poison is brought to Axinia. Death is
welcome to her; she was afraid of being forced to the altar with the
Czar.


Violent grief of Demetrius. With a broken heart he goes to the betrothal
with Marina.


After the marriage Marina discloses to him that she does not consider him
to be the true Demetrius, and never did. She then coldly leaves him in a
state of extreme anguish and dismay.

Meanwhile SCHINSKOI, one of the former generals of the Czar Boris, avails
himself of the growing discontent of the people, and becomes the head of
a conspiracy against Demetrius.


ROMANOW, in prison, is comforted by a supernatural apparition. Axinia's
spirit stands before him, opens to him a prospect of happier times in
store, and enjoins him calmly to allow destiny to ripen, and not to stain
himself with blood. ROMANOW receives a hint that he may himself be
called to the throne. Soon afterwards he is solicited to take part in
the conspiracy, but declines.


SOLTIKOW reproaches himself bitterly for having betrayed his country to
Demetrius. But he will not be a second time a traitor, and adheres, from
principle and against his feelings, to the party which he has once
adopted. As the misfortune has happened, he seeks at least to alleviate
it, and to enfeeble the power of the Poles. He pays for this effort with
his life; but he accepts death as a merited punishment, and confesses
this when dying to Demetrius himself.


CASIMIR, a brother of LODOISKA, a young Polish lady, who has been
secretly and hopelessly attached to Demetrius, in the house of the
Waywode of Sendomir, has, at his sister's request, accompanied Demetrius
in the campaign, and in every encounter defended him bravely. In the
moment of danger, when all the other retainers of Demetrius think only of
their personal safety, Casimir alone remains faithful to him, and
sacrifices life in his defence.


The conspiracy breaks out. Demetrius is with Marfa when the leading
conspirators force their way into the room. The dignity and courage of
Demetrius have a momentary effect upon the rebels. He nearly succeeds in
disarming them by a promise to place the Poles at their disposal. But at
this point SCHINSKOI rushes in with an infuriated band. An explicit
declaration is demanded from the ex-empress; she is required to swear,
upon the cross, that Demetrius is her son. To testify against her
conscience in a manner so solemn is impossible. She turns from Demetrius
in silence, and is about to withdraw. "Is she silent?" exclaims the
tumultuous throng. "Does she disown him?" "Then, traitor, die!" and
Demetrius falls, pierced by their swords, at Marfa's feet.





End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Demetrius, by Frederich Schiller

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DEMETRIUS ***

***** This file should be named 6790.txt or 6790.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        https://www.gutenberg.org/6/7/9/6790/

Produced by Tapio Riikonen and David Widger

Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
https://gutenberg.org/license).


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at https://pglaf.org

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org


Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit https://pglaf.org

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.


Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.


Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     https://www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.