Part IV. Reference
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# Reference

Table of Contents

Orchestra Opcodes and Operators
  != - Determines if one value is not equal to another. != conditional expressions ? :
  #define - Defines a macro. #define #defineorchestra macrosorchestra
  #include - Includes an external file for processing. #includeorchestra multiple file orchestras
  #undef - Un-defines a macro. #undef #undeforchestra macrosorchestra
  #ifdef - Conditional reading of code. #ifdef #ifdeforchestra
  $NAME - Calls a defined macro. $NAME $NAMEorchestra macrosorchestra
  % - Modulus operator. %
  && - Logical AND operator. &&
  > - Determines if one value is greater than another. > conditional expressions ? :
  >= - Determines if one value is greater than or equal to another. >= conditional expressions ? :
  < - Determines if one value is less than another. < conditional expressions ? :
  <= - Determines if one value is less than or equal to another. <= conditional expressions ? :
  * - Multiplication operator. *
  + - Addition operator +
  - - Subtraction operator. -
  / - Division operator. /
  = - Performs a simple assignment. =
  == - Compares two values for equality. == conditional expressions ? :
  ^ - Power of operator. ^
  round - Returns the integer value nearest to x ; if the fractional part of x is exactly 0.5, the direction of rounding is undefined. round
  || - Logical OR operator. ||
  0dbfs - Sets the value of 0 decibels using full scale amplitude. 0dbfs
  & - Bitwise AND operator. &
  | - Bitwise OR operator. |
  ¬ - Bitwise NOT operator. ¬
  # - Bitwise NON EQUIVALENCE operator. #
  a - Converts a k-rate parameter to an a-rate value with interpolation. a
  abetarand - Deprecated. abetarand
  abexprnd - Deprecated. abexprnd
  abs - Returns an absolute value. abs
  acauchy - Deprecated. acauchy
  active - Returns the number of active instances of an instrument. active
  adsr - Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments. adsr
  adsyn - Output is an additive set of individually controlled sinusoids, using an oscillator bank. adsyn
  adsynt - Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials, not necessarily harmonic. adsynt
  adsynt2 - Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials -not necessarily harmonic- with interpolation. adsynt2
  aexprand - Deprecated. aexprand
  aftouch - Get the current after-touch value for this channel. aftouch
  agauss - Deprecated. agauss
  agogobel - Deprecated. agogobel
  alinrand - Deprecated. alinrand
  alpass - Reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response. alpass
  ampdb - Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x. ampdb
  ampdbfs - Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x, which is relative to full scale amplitude. ampdbfs
  ampmidi - Get the velocity of the current MIDI event. ampmidi
  apcauchy - Deprecated. apcauchy
  apoisson - Deprecated. apoisson
  apow - Deprecated. apow
  areson - A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode. areson
  aresonk - A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode. aresonk
  atone - A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode. atone
  atonek - A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode. atonek
  atonex - Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode. atonex
  atrirand - Deprecated. atrirand
  aunirand - Deprecated. aunirand
  aweibull - Deprecated. aweibull
  babo - A physical model reverberator. babo
  balance - Adjust one audio signal according to the values of another. balance
  bamboo - Semi-physical model of a bamboo sound. bamboo
  bbcutm - Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a mono audio stream. bbcutm
  bbcuts - Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a stereo audio stream. bbcuts
  betarand - Beta distribution random number generator (positive values only). betarand x-class noise generators
  bexprnd - Exponential distribution random number generator. bexprnd x-class noise generators
  bformenc - Codes a signal into the ambisonic B format bformenc
  bformdec - Decodes an ambisonic B format signal bformdec
  binit - PVS tracks to amplitude+frequency conversion. binit
  biquad - A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter. biquad
  biquada - A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter with a-rate parameters. biquada
  birnd - Returns a random number in a bi-polar range. birnd
  bqrez - A second-order multi-mode filter. bqrez
  butbp - Same as the butterbp opcode. butbp
  butbr - Same as the butterbr opcode. butbr
  buthp - Same as the butterhp opcode. buthp
  butlp - Same as the butterlp opcode. butlp
  butterbp - A band-pass Butterworth filter. butterbp
  butterbr - A band-reject Butterworth filter. butterbr
  butterhp - A high-pass Butterworth filter. butterhp
  butterlp - A low-pass Butterworth filter. butterlp
  button - Sense on-screen controls. button
  buzz - Output is a set of harmonically related sine partials. buzz
  cabasa - Semi-physical model of a cabasa sound. cabasa
  cauchy - Cauchy distribution random number generator. cauchy x-class noise generators
  ceil - Returns the smallest integer not less than x ceil
  cent - Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents. cent
  cggoto - Conditionally transfer control on every pass. cggoto
  chanctrl - Get the current value of a MIDI channel controller. chanctrl
  changed - k-rate signal change detector. changed
  chani - Reads data from the software bus chani
  chano - Send data to the outwards software bus chano
  checkbox - Sense on-screen controls. checkbox
  chn - Declare a channel of the named software bus. chn
  chnclear - Clears an audio output channel of the named software bus. chnclear
  chnexport - Export a global variable as a channel of the bus. chnexport
  chnget - Reads data from the software bus. chnget
  chnmix - Writes audio data to the named software bus, mixing to the previous output. chnmix
  chnparams - Query parameters of a channel. chnparams
  chnset - Writes data to the named software bus. chnset
  cigoto - Conditionally transfer control during the i-time pass. cigoto
  ckgoto - Conditionally transfer control during the p-time passes. ckgoto
  clear - Zeroes a list of audio signals. clear
  clfilt - Implements low-pass and high-pass filters of different styles. clfilt
  clip - Clips a signal to a predefined limit. clip
  clock - Deprecated. clock
  clockoff - Stops one of a number of internal clocks. clockoff
  clockon - Starts one of a number of internal clocks. clockon
  cngoto - Transfers control on every pass when a condition is not true. cngoto
  comb - Reverberates an input signal with a colored frequency response. comb
  control - Configurable slider controls for realtime user input. control
  convle - Same as the convolve opcode. convle
  convolve - Convolves a signal and an impulse response. convolve
  cos - Performs a cosine function. cos
  cosh - Performs a hyperbolic cosine function. cosh
  cosinv - Performs a arccosine function. cosinv
  cps2pch - Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second for equal divisions of the octave. cps2pch
  cpsmidi - Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in cycles-per-second. cpsmidi
  cpsmidib - Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in cycles-per-second. cpsmidib
  cpsoct - Converts an octave-point-decimal value to cycles-per-second. cpsoct
  cpspch - Converts a pitch-class value to cycles-per-second. cpspch
  cpstmid - Get a MIDI note number (allows customized micro-tuning scales). cpstmid
  cpstun - Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate. cpstun
  cpstuni - Returns micro-tuning values at init-rate. cpstuni
  cpsxpch - Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of any interval. cpsxpch
  cpuprc - Control allocation of cpu resources on a per-instrument basis, to optimize realtime output. cpuprc
  cross2 - Cross synthesis using FFT's. cross2
  crunch - Semi-physical model of a crunch sound. crunch
  ctrl14 - Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range. ctrl14
  ctrl21 - Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range. ctrl21
  ctrl7 - Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range. ctrl7
  ctrlinit - Sets the initial values for a set of MIDI controllers. ctrlinit
  cuserrnd - Continuous USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator. cuserrnd
  dam - A dynamic compressor/expander. dam
  db - Returns the amplitude equivalent for a given decibel amount. db
  dbamp - Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x. dbamp
  dbfsamp - Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x, relative to full scale amplitude. dbfsamp
  dcblock - A DC blocking filter. dcblock
  dconv - A direct convolution opcode. dconv
  delay - Delays an input signal by some time interval. delay
  delay1 - Delays an input signal by one sample. delay1
  delayk - Delays an input signal by some time interval. delayk
  delayr - Reads from an automatically established digital delay line. delayr
  delayw - Writes the audio signal to a digital delay line. delayw
  deltap - Taps a delay line at variable offset times. deltap
  deltap3 - Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses cubic interpolation. deltape
  deltapi - Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses interpolation. deltapi
  deltapn - Taps a delay line at variable offset times. deltapn
  deltapx - Read to or write from a delay line with interpolation. deltapx
  deltapxw - Mixes the input signal to a delay line. deltapxw
  denorm - Mixes low level noise to a list of a-rate signals denorm
  diff - Modify a signal by differentiation. diff
  diskin - Reads audio data from an external device or stream and can alter its pitch. diskin
  diskin2 - Reads audio data from a file, and can alter its pitch using one of several available interpolation types, as well as convert the sample rate to match the orchestra sr setting. diskin2
  dispfft - Displays the Fourier Transform of an audio or control signal. dispfft
  display - Displays the audio or control signals as an amplitude vs. time graph. display
  distort1 - Modified hyperbolic tangent distortion. distort1
  divz - Safely divides two numbers. divz
  downsamp - Modify a signal by down-sampling. downsamp
  dripwater - Semi-physical model of a water drop. dripwater
  dssiactivate - Activates or deactivates a DSSI or LADSPA plugin. dssiactivate
  dssiaudio - Processes audio using a LADSPA or DSSI plugin. dssiaudio
  dssictls - Send control information to a LADSPA or DSSI plugin. dssictls
  dssiinit - Loads a DSSI or LADSPA plugin. dssiinit
  dssilist - Lists all available DSSI and LADSPA plugins. dssilist
  dumpk - Periodically writes an orchestra control-signal value to an external file. dumpk
  dumpk2 - Periodically writes two orchestra control-signal values to an external file. dumpk2
  dumpk3 - Periodically writes three orchestra control-signal values to an external file. dumpk3
  dumpk4 - Periodically writes four orchestra control-signal values to an external file. dumpk4
  duserrnd - Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator. duserrnd
  else - Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false. else
  elseif - Defines another "if...then" condition when a "if...then" condition is false. elseif
  endif - Closes a block of code that begins with an "if...then" statement. endif
  endin - Ends the current instrument block. endin
  endop - Marks the end of an user-defined opcode block. endop
  envlpx - Applies an envelope consisting of 3 segments. envlpx
  envlpxr - The envlpx opcode with a final release segment. envlpxr
  event - Generates a score event from an instrument. event
  event_i - Generates a score event from an instrument. event_i
  exitnow - Exit csound as fast as possible, with no cleaning up. exitnow
  exp - Returns e raised to the x-th power. exp
  expon - Trace an exponential curve between specified points. expon
  exprand - Exponential distribution random number generator (positive values only). exprand x-class noise generators
  expseg - Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points. expseg
  expsega - An exponential segment generator operating at a-rate. expsega
  expsegr - Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points including a release segment. expsegr
  filelen - Returns the length of a sound file. filelen
  filenchnls - Returns the number of channels in a sound file. filenchnls
  filepeak - Returns the peak absolute value of a sound file. filepeak
  filesr - Returns the sample rate of a sound file. filesr
  filter2 - Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with no time-varying control. filter2
  fin - Read signals from a file at a-rate. fin
  fini - Read signals from a file at i-rate. fini
  fink - Read signals from a file at k-rate. fink
  fiopen - Opens a file in a specific mode. fiopen
  flanger - A user controlled flanger. flanger
  flashtxt - Allows text to be displayed from instruments like sliders flashtxt
  FLbox - A FLTK widget that displays text inside of a box. FLbox
  FLbutBank - A FLTK widget opcode that creates a bank of buttons. FLbutBank
  FLbutton - A FLTK widget opcode that creates a button. FLbutton
  FLcolor - A FLTK opcode that sets the primary colors. FLcolor
  FLcolor2 - A FLTK opcode that sets the secondary (selection) color. FLcolor2
  FLcount - A FLTK widget opcode that creates a counter. FLcount
  FLgetsnap - Retrieves a previously stored FLTK snapshot. FLgetsnap
  FLgroup - A FLTK container opcode that groups child widgets. FLgroup
  FLgroupEnd - Marks the end of a group of FLTK child widgets. FLgroupEnd
  FLgroupEnd - Marks the end of a group of FLTK child widgets. FLgroup_end
  FLhide - Hides the target FLTK widget. FLhide
  FLjoy - A FLTK opcode that acts like a joystick. FLjoy
  FLkeyb - Experimental, no documentation exists. May be deprecated in future versions. FLkeyb
  FLknob - A FLTK widget opcode that creates a knob. FLknob
  FLlabel - A FLTK opcode that modifies the appearance of a text label. FLlabel
  FLloadsnap - Loads all snapshots into the memory bank of the current orchestra. FLloadsnap
  flooper - Function-table-based crossfading looper. flooper
  floor - Returns the largest integer not greater than x floor
  FLpack - Provides the functionality of compressing and aligning FLTK widgets. FLpack
  FLpackEnd - Marks the end of a group of compressed or aligned FLTK widgets. FLpackEnd
  FLpackEnd - Marks the end of a group of compressed or aligned FLTK widgets. FLpack_end
  FLpanel - Creates a window that contains FLTK widgets. FLpanel
  FLpanelEnd - Marks the end of a group of FLTK widgets contained inside of a window (panel). FLpanelEnd
  FLpanel_end - Marks the end of a group of FLTK widgets contained inside of a window (panel). FLpanel_end
  FLprintk - A FLTK opcode that prints a k-rate value at specified intervals. FLprintk
  FLprintk2 - A FLTK opcode that prints a new value every time a control-rate variable changes. FLprintk2
  FLroller - A FLTK widget that creates a transversal knob. FLroller
  FLrun - Starts the FLTK widget thread. FLrun
  FLsavesnap - Saves all snapshots currently created into a file. FLsavesnap
  FLscroll - A FLTK opcode that adds scroll bars to an area. FLscroll
  FLscrollEnd - A FLTK opcode that marks the end of an area with scrollbars. FLscrollEnd
  FLscroll_end - A FLTK opcode that marks the end of an area with scrollbars. FLscrollEnd
  FLsetAlign - Sets the text alignment of a label of a FLTK widget. FLsetAlign
  FLsetBox - Sets the appearance of a box surrounding a FLTK widget. FLsetBox
  FLsetColor - Sets the primary color of a FLTK widget. FLsetColor
  FLsetColor2 - Sets the secondary (or selection) color of a FLTK widget. FLsetColor2
  FLsetFont - Sets the font type of a FLTK widget. FLsetFont
  FLsetPosition - Sets the position of a FLTK widget. FLsetPosition
  FLsetSize - Resizes a FLTK widget. FLsetSize
  FLsetsnap - Stores the current status of all FLTK valuators into a snapshot location. FLsetsnap
  FLsetText - Sets the label of a FLTK widget. FLsetText
  FLsetTextColor - Sets the color of the text label of a FLTK widget. FLsetTextColor
  FLsetTextSize - Sets the size of the text label of a FLTK widget. FLsetTextSize
  FLsetTextType - Sets some font attributes of the text label of a FLTK widget. FLsetTextType
  FLsetVal_i - Sets the value of a FLTK valuator to a number provided by the user. FLsetVal_i
  FLsetVal - Sets the value of a FLTK valuator at control-rate. FLsetVal
  FLshow - Restores the visibility of a previously hidden FLTK widget. FLshow
  FLslidBnk - A FLTK widget containing a bank of horizontal sliders. FLslidBnk
  FLslider - Puts a slider into the corresponding FLTK container. FLslider
  FLtabs - Creates a tabbed FLTK interface. FLtabs
  FLtabsEnd - Marks the end of a tabbed FLTK interface. FLtabsEnd
  FLtabs_end - Marks the end of a tabbed FLTK interface. FLtabs)end
  FLtext - A FLTK widget opcode that creates a textbox. FLtext
  FLupdate - Same as the FLrun opcode. FLupdate
  fluidAllOut - Collects all audio from all Fluidsynth engines in a performance fluidAllOut
  fluidCCi - Sends a MIDI controller data message to fluid. fluidCCi
  fluidCCk - Sends a MIDI controller data message to fluid. fluidCCk
  fluidControl - Sends MIDI note on, note off, and other messages to a SoundFont preset. fluidControl
  fluidEngine - Instantiates a fluidsynth engine. fluidEngine
  fluidLoad - Loads a SoundFont into a fluidEngine, optionally listing SoundFont contents. fluidLoad
  fluidNote - Plays a note on a channel in a fluidSynth engine. fluidNote
  fluidOut - Outputs sound from a given fluidEngine fluidOut
  fluidProgramSelect - Assigns a preset from a SoundFont to a channel on a fluidEngine. fluidProgramSelect
  FLvalue - Shows the current value of a FLTK valuator. FLvalue
  fmb3 - Uses FM synthesis to create a Hammond B3 organ sound. fmb3
  fmbell - Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound. fmbell
  fmmetal - Uses FM synthesis to create a Heavy Metal sound. fmmetal
  fmpercfl - Uses FM synthesis to create a percussive flute sound. fmpercfl
  fmrhode - Uses FM synthesis to create a Fender Rhodes electric piano sound. fmrhode
  fmvoice - FM Singing Voice Synthesis fmvoice
  fmwurlie - Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound. fmwurlie
  fof - Produces sinusoid bursts useful for formant and granular synthesis. fof
  fof2 - Produces sinusoid bursts including k-rate incremental indexing with each successive burst. fof2
  fofilter - Formant filter. fofilter
  fog - Audio output is a succession of grains derived from data in a stored function table fog
  fold - Adds artificial foldover to an audio signal. fold
  follow - Envelope follower unit generator. follow
  follow2 - Another controllable envelope extractor. follow2
  foscil - A basic frequency modulated oscillator. foscil
  foscili - Basic frequency modulated oscillator with linear interpolation. foscili
  fout - Outputs a-rate signals to an arbitrary number of channels. fout
  fouti - Outputs i-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file. fouti
  foutir - Outputs i-rate signals from an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file. foutir
  foutk - Outputs k-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file, in raw (headerless) format. foutk
  fprintks - Similar to printks but prints to a file. fprintks
  fprints - Similar to prints but prints to a file. fprints
  frac - Returns the fractional part of a decimal number. frac
  freeverb - Opcode version of Jezar's Freeverb freeverb
  ftchnls - Returns the number of channels in a stored function table. ftchnls
  ftconv - Low latency multichannel convolution, using a function table as impulse response source. ftconv
  ftfree - Deletes function table. ftfree
  ftgen - Generate a score function table from within the orchestra. ftgen
  ftgentmp - Generate a score function table from within the orchestra, which is deleted at the end of the note. ftgentmp
  ftlen - Returns the size of a stored function table. ftlen
  ftload - Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file. ftload
  ftloadk - Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file. ftloadk
  ftlptim - Returns the loop segment start-time of a stored function table number. ftlptim
  ftmorf - Morphs between multiple ftables as specified in a list. ftmorf
  ftsave - Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file. ftsave
  ftsavek - Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file. ftsavek
  ftsr - Returns the sampling-rate of a stored function table. ftsr
  gain - Adjusts the amplitude audio signal according to a root-mean-square value. gain
  gauss - Gaussian distribution random number generator. gauss x-class noise generators
  gbuzz - Output is a set of harmonically related cosine partials. gbuzz
  gogobel - Audio output is a tone related to the striking of a cow bell or similar. gogobel
  goto - Transfer control on every pass. goto
  grain - Generates granular synthesis textures. grain
  grain2 - Easy-to-use granular synthesis texture generator. grain2
  grain3 - Generate granular synthesis textures with more user control. grain3
  granule - A more complex granular synthesis texture generator. granule
  guiro - Semi-physical model of a guiro sound. guiro
  harmon - Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony. harmon
  hilbert - A Hilbert transformer. hilbert
  hrtfer - Creates 3D audio for two speakers. hrtfer
  hsboscil - An oscillator which takes tonality and brightness as arguments. hsboscil
  i - Returns an init-type equivalent of a k-rate argument. i
  ibetarand - Deprecated. ibetarand
  ibexprnd - Deprecated. ibexprnd
  icauchy - Deprecated. icauchy
  ictrl14 - Deprecated. ictrl14
  ictrl21 - Deprecated. ictrl21
  ictrl7 - Deprecated. ictrl7
  iexprand - Deprecated. iexprand
  if - Branches conditionally at initialization or during performance time. if
  igauss - Deprecated. igauss
  igoto - Transfer control during the i-time pass. igoto
  ihold - Creates a held note. ihold
  ilinrand - Deprecated. ilinrand
  imidic14 - Deprecated. imidic14
  imidic21 - Deprecated. imidic21
  imidic7 - Deprecated. imidic7
  in - Reads mono audio data from an external device or stream. in
  in32 - Reads a 32-channel audio signal from an external device or stream. in32
  inch - Reads from a numbered channel in an external audio signal or stream. inch
  inh - Reads six-channel audio data from an external device or stream. inh
  init - Puts the value of the i-time expression into a k- or a-rate variable. init
  initc14 - Initializes the controllers used to create a 14-bit MIDI value. initc14
  initc21 - Initializes the controllers used to create a 21-bit MIDI value. initc21
  initc7 - Initializes the controller used to create a 7-bit MIDI value. initc7
  ino - Reads eight-channel audio data from an external device or stream. ino
  inq - Reads quad audio data from an external device or stream. inq
  ins - Reads stereo audio data from an external device or stream. ins
  instimek - Deprecated. instimek
  instimes - Deprecated. instimes
  instr - Starts an instrument block. instr
  int - Extracts an integer from a decimal number. int
  integ - Modify a signal by integration. integ
  interp - Converts a control signal to an audio signal using linear interpolation. interp
  invalue - Reads a k-rate signal from a user-defined channel. invalue
  inx - Reads a 16-channel audio signal from an external device or stream. inx
  inz - Reads multi-channel audio samples into a ZAK array from an external device or stream. inz
  ioff - Deprecated. ioff
  ion - Deprecated. ion
  iondur - Deprecated. iondur
  iondur2 - Deprecated. iondur2
  ioutat - Deprecated. ioutat
  ioutc - Deprecated. ioutc
  ioutc14 - Deprecated. ioutc14
  ioutpat - Deprecated. ioutpat
  ioutpb - Deprecated. ioutpb
  ioutpc - Deprecated. ioutpc
  ipcauchy - Deprecated. ipcauchy
  ipoisson - Deprecated. ipoisson
  ipow - Deprecated. ipow
  is16b14 - Deprecated. is16b14
  is32b14 - Deprecated. is32b14
  islider16 - Deprecated. islider16
  islider32 - Deprecated. islider32
  islider64 - Deprecated. islider64
  islider8 - Deprecated. islider8
  itablecopy - Deprecated. itablecopy
  itablegpw - Deprecated. itablegpw
  itablemix - Deprecated. itablemix
  itablew - Deprecated. itablew
  itrirand - Deprecated. itrirand
  iunirand - Deprecated. iunirand
  iweibull - Deprecated. iweibull
  jitter - Generates a segmented line whose segments are randomly generated. jitter
  jitter2 - Generates a segmented line with user-controllable random segments. jitter2
  jspline - A jitter-spline generator. jspline
  k - Converts a i-rate parameter to an k-rate value. a
  kbetarand - Deprecated. kbetarand
  kbexprnd - Deprecated. kbexprnd
  kcauchy - Deprecated. kcauchy
  kdump - Deprecated. kdump
  kdump2 - Deprecated. kdump2
  kdump3 - Deprecated. kdump3
  kdump4 - Deprecated. kdump4
  kexprand - Deprecated. kexprand
  kfilter2 - Deprecated. kfilter2
  kgauss - Deprecated. kgauss
  kgoto - Transfer control during the p-time passes. kgoto
  klinrand - Deprecated. klinrand
  kon - Deprecated. kon
  koutat - Deprecated. koutat
  koutc - Deprecated. koutc
  koutc14 - Deprecated. koutc14
  koutpat - Deprecated. koutpat
  koutpb - Deprecated. koutpb
  koutpc - Deprecated. koutpc
  kpcauchy - Deprecated. kpcauchy
  kpoisson - Deprecated. kpoisson
  kpow - Deprecated. kpow
  kr - Sets the control rate. kr
  kread - Deprecated. kread
  kread2 - Deprecated. kread2
  kread3 - Deprecated. kread3
  kread4 - Deprecated. kread4
  ksmps - Sets the number of samples in a control period. ksmps
  ktableseg - Same as the tableseg opcode. ktableseg
  ktrirand - Deprecated. ktrirand
  kunirand - Deprecated. kunirand
  kweibull - Deprecated. kweibull
  lfo - A low frequency oscillator of various shapes. lfo
  limit - Sets the lower and upper limits of the value it processes. limit
  line - Trace a straight line between specified points. line
  linen - Applies a straight line rise and decay pattern to an input amp signal. linen
  linenr - The linen opcode extended with a final release segment. linenr
  lineto - Generate glissandos starting from a control signal. lineto
  linrand - Linear distribution random number generator (positive values only). linrand x-class noise generators
  linseg - Trace a series of line segments between specified points. linseg
  linsegr - Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment. linsegr
  locsend - Distributes the audio signals of a previous locsig opcode. locsend
  locsig - Takes and input signal and distributes between 2 or 4 channels. locsig
  log - Returns a natural log. log
  log10 - Returns a base 10 log. log10
  logbtwo - Performs a logarithmic base two calculation. logbtwo
  loop - Four looping constructions. loop
  loopseg - Generate control signal consisting of linear segments delimited by two or more specified points. loopseg
  loopsegp - Control signals based on linear segments. loopsegp
  lorenz - Implements the Lorenz system of equations. lorenz
  lorisread - Imports a set of bandwidth-enhanced partials from a SDIF-format data file, applying control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth scaling envelopes, and stores the modified partials in memory. lorisread
  lorismorph - Morphs two stored sets of bandwidth-enhanced partials and stores a new set of partials representing the morphed sound. The morph is performed by linearly interpolating the parameter envelopes (frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth, or noisiness) of the bandwidth-enhanced partials according to control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth morphing functions.lorismorph
  lorisplay - renders a stored set of bandwidth-enhanced partials using the method of Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Synthesis implemented in the Loris software, applying control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth scaling envelopes.lorisplay
  loscil - Read sampled sound from a table. loscil
  loscil3 - Read sampled sound from a table using cubic interpolation. loscil3
  lowpass2 - A resonant lowpass filter. lowpass2
  lowres - Another resonant lowpass filter. lowres
  lowresx - Simulates layers of serially connected resonant lowpass filters. lowresx
  lpf18 - A 3-pole sweepable resonant lowpass filter. lpf18
  lpfreson - Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread, applying formant shifting. lpfreson
  lphasor - Generates a table index for sample playback lphasor
  lpinterp - Computes a new set of poles from the interpolation between two analysis. lpinterp
  lposcil - Read sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision. lposcil
  lposcil3 - Read sampled sound from a table with high precision and cubic interpolation. lposcil3
  lpread - Reads a control file of time-ordered information frames. lpread
  lpreson - Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread. lpreson
  lpshold - Generate control signal consisting of held segments. lpshold
  lpsholdp - Control signals based on held segments. lpsholdp
  lpslot - Selects the slot to be use by further lp opcodes. lpslot
  mac - Multiplies and accumulates a- and k-rate signals. mac
  maca - Multiply and accumulate a-rate signals only. maca
  madsr - Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the linsegr mechanism. madsr
  mandel - Mandelbrot set mandel
  mandol - An emulation of a mandolin. mandol
  marimba - Physical model related to the striking of a wooden block. marimba
  massign - Assigns a MIDI channel number to a Csound instrument. massign
  max - Produces a signal that is the maximum of any number of input signals. max
  maxabs - Produces a signal that is the maximum of the absolute values of any number of input signals. maxabs
  maxabsaccum - Accumulates the maximum of the absolute values of audio signals. maxabsaccum
  maxaccum - Accumulates the maximum value of audio signals. maxaccum
  maxalloc - Limits the number of allocations of an instrument. maxalloc
  max_k - Local maximum (or minimum) value of an incoming asig signal max_k
  mclock - Sends a MIDI CLOCK message. mclock
  mdelay - A MIDI delay opcode. mdelay
  metro - Trigger Metronome metro
  midic14 - Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range. midic14
  midic21 - Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range. midic21
  midic7 - Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range. midic7
  midichannelaftertouch - Gets a MIDI channel's aftertouch value. midichannelaftertouch
  midichn - Returns the MIDI channel number from which the note was activated. midichn
  midicontrolchange - Gets a MIDI control change value. midicontrolchange
  midictrl - Get the current value (0-127) of a specified MIDI controller. midictrl
  mididefault - Changes values, depending on MIDI activation. mididefault
  midiin - Returns a generic MIDI message received by the MIDI IN port. midiin
  midinoteoff - Gets a MIDI noteoff value. midinoteoff
  midinoteoncps - Gets a MIDI note number as a cycles-per-second frequency. midinoteoncps
  midinoteonkey - Gets a MIDI note number value. midinoteonkey
  midinoteonoct - Gets a MIDI note number value as octave-point-decimal value. midinoteonoct
  midinoteonpch - Gets a MIDI note number as a pitch-class value. midinoteonpch
  midion - Plays MIDI notes. midion
  midion2 - Sends noteon and noteoff messages to the MIDI OUT port. midion2
  midiout - Sends a generic MIDI message to the MIDI OUT port. midiout
  midipitchbend - Gets a MIDI pitchbend value. midipitchbend
  midipolyaftertouch - Gets a MIDI polyphonic aftertouch value. midipolyaftertouch
  midiprogramchange - Gets a MIDI program change value. midiprogramchange
  miditempo - Returns the current tempo at k-rate, of either the MIDI file (if available) or the score miditempo
  min - Produces a signal that is the minimum of any number of input signals. min
  minabs - Produces a signal that is the minimum of the absolute values of any number of input signals. minabs
  minabsaccum - Accumulates the minimum of the absolute values of audio signals. minabsaccum
  minaccum - Accumulates the minimum value of audio signals. minaccum
  mirror - Reflects the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds. mirror
  MixerSetLevel - Sets the level of a send to a buss. MixerSetLevel
  MixerGetLevel - Gets the level of a send to a buss. MixerGetLevel
  MixerSend - Mixes an arate signal into a channel of a buss. MixerSend
  MixerReceive - Receives an arate signal from a channel of a buss. MixerReceive
  MixerClear - Resets all channels of a buss to 0. MixerClear
  moog - An emulation of a mini-Moog synthesizer. moog
  moogladder - Moog ladder lowpass filter. moogladder
  moogvcf - A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration. moogvcf
  moscil - Sends a stream of the MIDI notes. moscil
  mpulse - Generates a set of impulses. mpulse
  mrtmsg - Send system real-time messages to the MIDI OUT port. mrtmsg
  multitap - Multitap delay line implementation. multitap
  mute - Mutes/unmutes new instances of a given instrument. mute
  mxadsr - Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the expsegr mechanism. mxadsr
  nchnls - Sets the number of channels of audio output. nchnls
  nestedap - Three different nested all-pass filters. nestedap
  nlfilt - A filter with a non-linear effect. nlfilt
  noise - A white noise generator with an IIR lowpass filter. noise
  noteoff - Send a noteoff message to the MIDI OUT port. noteoff
  noteon - Send a noteon message to the MIDI OUT port. noteon
  noteondur - Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity. noteondur
  noteondur2 - Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity. noteondur2
  notnum - Get a note number from a MIDI event. notnum
  nreverb - A reverberator consisting of 6 parallel comb-lowpass filters. nreverb
  nrpn - Sends a Non-Registered Parameter Number to the MIDI OUT port. nrpn
  nsamp - Returns the number of samples loaded into a stored function table number. nsamp
  nstrnum - Returns the number of a named instrument. nstrnum
  ntrpol - Calculates the weighted mean value of two input signals. ntrpol
  octave - Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of octaves. octave
  octcps - Converts a cycles-per-second value to octave-point-decimal. octcps
  octmidi - Get the note number, in octave-point-decimal units, of the current MIDI event. octmidi
  octmidib - Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in octave-point-decimal. octmidib
  octpch - Converts a pitch-class value to octave-point-decimal. octpch
  opcode - Defines the start of user-defined opcode block. opcode
  OSCsend - Sends data to other processes using the OSC protocol OSCsend
  OSCinit - Start a listening process for OSC messages to a particular port. OSCinit
  OSClisten - Listen for OSC messages to a particular path. OSClisten
  oscbnk - Mixes the output of any number of oscillators. oscbnk
  oscil - A simple oscillator. oscil
  oscil1 - Accesses table values by incremental sampling. oscil1
  oscil1i - Accesses table values by incremental sampling with linear interpolation. oscil1i
  oscil3 - A simple oscillator with cubic interpolation. oscil3
  oscili - A simple oscillator with linear interpolation. oscili
  oscilikt - A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows changing the table number at k-rate. oscilikt
  osciliktp - A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows allows phase modulation. osciliktp
  oscilikts - A linearly interpolated oscillator with sync status that allows changing the table number at k-rate. oscilikts
  osciln - Accesses table values at a user-defined frequency. osciln
  oscils - A simple, fast sine oscillator oscils
  oscilx - Same as the osciln opcode. oscilx
  out - Writes mono audio data to an external device or stream. out
  out32 - Writes 32-channel audio data to an external device or stream. out32
  outc - Writes audio data with an arbitrary number of channels to an external device or stream. outc
  outch - Writes multi-channel audio data, with user-controllable channels, to an external device or stream. outch
  outh - Writes 6-channel audio data to an external device or stream. outh
  outiat - Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate. outiat
  outic - Sends MIDI controller output at i-rate. outic
  outic14 - Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at i-rate. outic14
  outipat - Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate. outipat
  outipb - Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at i-rate. outipb
  outipc - Sends MIDI program change messages at i-rate outipc
  outkat - Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate. outkat
  outkc - Sends MIDI controller messages at k-rate. outkc
  outkc14 - Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at k-rate. outkc14
  outkpat - Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate. outkpat
  outkpb - Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at k-rate. outkpb
  outkpc - Sends MIDI program change messages at k-rate. outkpc
  outo - Writes 8-channel audio data to an external device or stream. outo
  outq - Writes 4-channel audio data to an external device or stream. outq
  outq1 - Writes samples to quad channel 1 of an external device or stream. outq1
  outq2 - Writes samples to quad channel 2 of an external device or stream. outq2
  outq3 - Writes samples to quad channel 3 of an external device or stream. outq3
  outq4 - Writes samples to quad channel 4 of an external device or stream. outq4
  outs - Writes stereo audio data to an external device or stream. outs
  outs1 - Writes samples to stereo channel 1 of an external device or stream. outs1
  outs2 - Writes samples to stereo channel 2 of an external device or stream. outs2
  outvalue - Sends a k-rate signal to a user-defined channel. outvalue
  outx - Writes 16-channel audio data to an external device or stream. outx
  outz - Writes multi-channel audio data from a ZAK array to an external device or stream. outz
  p - Show the value in a given p-field. p
  pan - Distribute an audio signal amongst four channels. pan
  pareq - Implementation of Zoelzer's parametric equalizer filters. pareq
  partials - Partial track spectral analysis. partials
  pcauchy - Cauchy distribution random number generator (positive values only). pcauchy x-class noise generators
  pchbend - Get the current pitch-bend value for this channel. pchbend
  pchmidi - Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in pitch-class units. pchmidi
  pchmidib - Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in pitch-class units. pchmidib
  pchoct - Converts an octave-point-decimal value to pitch-class. pchoct
  pconvolve - Convolution based on a uniformly partitioned overlap-save algorithm pconvolve
  peak - Maintains the output equal to the highest absolute value received. peak
  peakk - Deprecated. peakk
  pgmassign - Assigns an instrument number to a specified MIDI program. pgmassign
  phaser1 - First-order allpass filters arranged in a series. phaser1
  phaser2 - Second-order allpass filters arranged in a series. phaser2
  phasor - Produce a normalized moving phase value. phasor
  phasorbnk - Produce an arbitrary number of normalized moving phase values. phasorbnk
  pinkish - Generates approximate pink noise. pinkish
  pitch - Tracks the pitch of a signal. pitch
  pitchamdf - Follows the pitch of a signal based on the AMDF method. pitchamdf
  planet - Simulates a planet orbiting in a binary star system. planet
  pluck - Produces a naturally decaying plucked string or drum sound. pluck
  poisson - Poisson distribution random number generator (positive values only). poisson x-class noise generators
  polyaft - Returns the polyphonic after-touch pressure of the selected note number. polyaft
  port - Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal. port
  portk - Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal. portk
  poscil - High precision oscillator. poscil
  poscil3 - High precision oscillator with cubic interpolation. poscil3
  pow - Computes one argument to the power of another argument. pow
  powoftwo - Performs a power-of-two calculation. powoftwo
  prealloc - Creates space for instruments but does not run them. prealloc
  print - Displays the values init, control, or audio signals. print
  printf - printf-style formatted output printf printf_i
  printk - Prints one k-rate value at specified intervals. printk
  printk2 - Prints a new value every time a control variable changes. printk2
  printks - Prints at k-rate using a printf() style syntax. printks
  prints - Prints at init-time using a printf() style syntax. prints
  product - Multiplies any number of a-rate signals. product
  pset - Defines and initializes numeric arrays at orchestra load time. pset
  puts - Print a string constant or variable puts
  pvadd - Reads from a pvoc file and uses the data to perform additive synthesis. pvadd
  pvbufread - Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and makes the retrieved data available. pvbufread
  pvcross - Applies the amplitudes from one phase vocoder analysis file to the data from a second file. pvcross
  pvinterp - Interpolates between the amplitudes and frequencies of two phase vocoder analysis files. pvinterp
  pvoc - Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder. pvoc
  pvread - Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and returns the frequency and amplitude from a single analysis channel or bin. pvread
  pvsadsyn - Resynthesize using a fast oscillator-bank. pvsadsyn
  pvsanal - Generate an fsig from a mono audio source ain, using phase vocoder overlap-add analysis. pvsanal
  pvsarp - Arpeggiate the spectral components of a streaming pv signal. pvsarp
  pvscross - Performs cross-synthesis between two source fsigs. pvscross
  pvscent - Calculate the spectral centroid of a signal. pvscent
  pvsdemix - Spectral azimuth-based de-mixing of stereo sources. pvsdemix
  pvsfread - Read a selected channel from a PVOC-EX analysis file. pvsfread
  pvsftr - Reads amplitude and/or frequency data from function tables. pvsftr
  pvsftw - Writes amplitude and/or frequency data to function tables. pvsftw
  pvsifd - Instantaneous Frequency Distribution, magnitude and phase analysis. pvsifd
  pvsinfo - Get information from a PVOC-EX formatted source. pvsinfo
  pvsinit - Initialise a spectral (f) variable to zero. pvsinit
  pvsmaska - Modify amplitudes using a function table, with dynamic scaling. pvsmaska
  pvsynth - Resynthesise using a FFT overlap-add. pvsynth
  pvscale - Scale the frequency components of a pv stream. pvscale
  pvshift - Shift the frequency components of a pv stream, stretching/compressing its spectrum. pvshift
  pvsmix - Mix 'seamlessly' two pv signals. pvsmix
  pvsfilter - Multiply amplitudes of a pvoc stream by those of a second pvoc stream, with dynamic scaling. pvsfilter
  pvsblur - Average the amp/freq time functions of each analysis channel for a specified time. pvsblur
  pvstencil - Transforms a pvoc stream according to a masking function table. pvstencil
  pvsvoc - Combine the spectral envelope of one fsig with the excitation (frequencies) of another. pvsvoc
  pyassign Opcodes - Assign the value of the given Csound variable to a Python variable possibly destroying its previous content. pyassign
  pycall Opcodes - Invoke the specified Python callable at k-time and i-time (i suffix), passing the given arguments. The call is perfomed in the global environment, and the result (the returning value) is copied into the Csound output variables specified. pycall
  pyeval Opcodes - Evaluate a generic Python expression and store the result in a Csound variable at k-time or i-time (i suffix). pyeval
  pyexec Opcodes - Execute a script from a file at k-time or i-time (i suffix). pyexec
  pyinit Opcodes - Initialize the Python interpreter. pyinit
  pyrun Opcodes - Run a Python statement or block of statements. pyrun
  rand - Generates a controlled random number series. rand
  randh - Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time. randh
  randi - Generates a controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number. randi
  random - Generates is a controlled pseudo-random number series between min and max values. random
  randomh - Generates random numbers with a user-defined limit and holds them for a period of time. randomh
  randomi - Generates a user-controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number. randomi
  rbjeq - Parametric equalizer and filter opcode with 7 filter types, based on algorithm by Robert Bristow-Johnson. rbjeq
  readclock - Reads the value of an internal clock. readclock
  readk - Periodically reads an orchestra control-signal value from an external file. readk
  readk2 - Periodically reads two orchestra control-signal values from an external file. readk2
  readk3 - Periodically reads three orchestra control-signal values from an external file. readk3
  readk4 - Periodically reads four orchestra control-signal values from an external file. readk4
  reinit - Suspends a performance while a special initialization pass is executed. reinit
  release - Indicates whether a note is in its release stage. release
  repluck - Physical model of the plucked string. repluck
  reson - A second-order resonant filter. reson
  resonk - A second-order resonant filter. resonk
  resonr - A bandpass filter with variable frequency response. resonr
  resonx - Emulates a stack of filters using the reson opcode. resonx
  resonxk - Control signal resonant filter stack. resonxk
  resony - A bank of second-order bandpass filters, connected in parallel. resony
  resonz - A bandpass filter with variable frequency response. resonz
  resyn - Streaming partial track additive synthesis with cubic phase interpolation with pitch control and support for timescale-modified input resyn
  reverb - Reverberates an input signal with a natural room frequency response. reverb
  reverb2 - Same as the nreverb opcode. reverb2
  reverbsc - 8 delay line stereo FDN reverb, based on work by Sean Costello reverbsc
  rezzy - A resonant low-pass filter. rezzy
  rigoto - Transfers control during a reinit pass. rigoto
  rireturn - Terminates a reinit pass. rireturn
  rms - Determines the root-mean-square amplitude of an audio signal. rms
  rnd - Returns a random number in a unipolar range at the rate given by the input argument. rnd
  rnd31 - 31-bit bipolar random opcodes with controllable distribution. rnd31
  rspline - Generate random spline curves. rspline
  rtclock - Read the real time clock from the operating system. rtclock
  s16b14 - Creates a bank of 16 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers. s16b14
  s32b14 - Creates a bank of 32 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers. s32b14
  samphold - Performs a sample-and-hold operation on its input. samphold
  sandpaper - Semi-physical model of a sandpaper sound. sandpaper
  scanhammer - Copies from one table to another with a gain control. scanhammer
  scans - Generate audio output using scanned synthesis. scans
  scantable - A simpler scanned synthesis implementation. scantable
  scanu - Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis. scanu
  schedkwhen - Adds a new score event generated by a k-rate trigger. schedkwhen
  schedkwhennamed - Similar to schedkwhen but uses a named instrument at init-time. schedkwhennamed
  schedule - Adds a new score event. schedule
  schedwhen - Adds a new score event. schedwhen
  seed - Sets the global seed value. seed
  sekere - Semi-physical model of a sekere sound. sekere
  semitone - Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of semitones. semitone
  sense - Same as the sensekey opcode. sense
  sensekey - Returns the ASCII code of a key that has been pressed. sensekey
  seqtime - Generates a trigger signal according to the values stored in a table. seqtime
  seqtime2 - Generates a trigger signal according to the values stored in a table. seqtime2
  setctrl - Configurable slider controls for realtime user input. setctrl
  setksmps - Sets the local ksmps value in a user-defined opcode block. setksmps
  sfilist - Prints a list of all instruments of a previously loaded SoundFont2 (SF2) file. sfilist
  sfinstr - Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound. sfinstr
  sfinstr3 - Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation. sfinstr3
  sfinstr3m - Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation. sfinstr3m
  sfinstrm - Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound. sfinstrm
  sfload - Loads an entire SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file into memory. sfload
  sfpassign - Assigns all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to a sequence of progressive index numbers. sfpassign
  sfplay - Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound. sfplay
  sfplay3 - Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation. sfplay3
  sfplay3m - Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation. sfplay3m
  sfplaym - Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound. sfplaym
  sfplist - Prints a list of all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file. sfplist
  sfpreset - Assigns an existing preset of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to an index number. sfpreset
  shaker - Sounds like the shaking of a maraca or similar gourd instrument. shaker
  sin - Performs a sine function. sin
  sinh - Performs a hyperbolic sine function. sinh
  sininv - Performs an arcsine function. sininv
  sinsyn - Streaming partial track additive synthesis with cubic phase interpolation sinsyn
  sleighbells - Semi-physical model of a sleighbell sound. sleighbells
  slider16 - Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers. slider16
  slider16f - Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output. slider16f
  slider32 - Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers. slider32
  slider32f - Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output. slider32f
  slider64 - Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers. slider64
  slider64f - Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output. slider64f
  slider8 - Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers. slider8
  slider8f - Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output. slider8f
  sndloop - A sound looper with pitch control. sndloop
  sndwarp - Reads a mono sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification. sndwarp
  sndwarpst - Reads a stereo sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification. sndwarpst
  soundin - Reads audio data from an external device or stream. soundin
  soundout - Writes audio output to a disk file. soundout
  soundouts - Writes audio output to a disk file. soundouts
  space - Distributes an input signal among 4 channels using cartesian coordinates. space
  spat3d - Positions the input sound in a 3D space and allows moving the sound at k-rate. spat3d
  spat3di - Positions the input sound in a 3D space with the sound source position set at i-time. spat3di
  spat3dt - Can be used to render an impulse response for a 3D space at i-time. spat3dt
  spdist - Calculates distance values from xy coordinates. spdist
  specaddm - Perform a weighted add of two input spectra. specaddm
  specdiff - Finds the positive difference values between consecutive spectral frames. specdiff
  specdisp - Displays the magnitude values of the spectrum. specdisp
  specfilt - Filters each channel of an input spectrum. specfilt
  spechist - Accumulates the values of successive spectral frames. spechist
  specptrk - Estimates the pitch of the most prominent complex tone in the spectrum. specptrk
  specscal - Scales an input spectral datablock with spectral envelopes. specscal
  specsum - Sums the magnitudes across all channels of the spectrum. specsum
  spectrum - Generate a constant-Q, exponentially-spaced DFT. spectrum
  splitrig - Split a trigger signal splitrig
  spsend - Generates output signals based on a previously defined space opcode. spsend
  sprintf - printf-style formatted output to a string variable sprintf
  sqrt - Returns a square root value. sqrt
  sr - Sets the audio sampling rate. sr
  statevar - State-variable filter. statevar
  stix - Semi-physical model of a stick sound. stix
  strcpy - Assign value to a string variable strcpy
  strcat - Concatenate strings strcat
  strcmp - Compare strings strcmp
  streson - A string resonator with variable fundamental frequency. streson
  strget - Set string variable to value from strset table or string p-field strget
  strset - Allows a string to be linked with a numeric value. strset
  strtod - Converts a string to a float (i-rate). strtod
  strtodk - Converts a string to a float (k-rate). strtodk
  strtol - Converts a string to a signed integer (i-rate). strtol
  strtolk - Converts a string to a signed integer (k-rate). strtolk
  subinstr - Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance. subinstr
  subinstrinit - Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance at init-time. subinstrinit
  sum - Sums any number of a-rate signals. sum
  svfilter - A resonant second order filter, with simultaneous lowpass, highpass and bandpass outputs. svfilter
  syncgrain - Synchronous granular synthesis. syncgrain
  timedseq - Time Variant Sequencer timedseq
  tb - Table Read Access inside expressions. tb0 tb1 tb2 tb3 tb4 tb5 tb6 tb7 tb8 tb9 tb10 tb11 tb12 tb13 tb14 tb15 tb0_init tb1_init tb2_init tb3_init tb4_init tb5_init tb6_init tb7_init tb8_init tb9_init tb10_init tb11_init tb12_init tb13_init tb14_init tb15_init
  tab - Fast table opcodes. tab tab_i tabw tabw_i
  tabrec - Recording and playing-back control signals. tabrec tabplay
  table - Accesses table values by direct indexing. table
  table3 - Accesses table values by direct indexing with cubic interpolation. table3
  tablecopy - Simple, fast table copy opcode. tablecopy
  tablegpw - Writes a table's guard point. tablegpw
  tablei - Accesses table values by direct indexing with linear interpolation. tablei
  tableicopy - Simple, fast table copy opcode. tableicopy
  tableigpw - Writes a table's guard point. tableigpw
  tableikt - Provides k-rate control over table numbers. tableikt
  tableimix - Mixes two tables. tableimix
  tableiw - Change the contents of existing function tables. tableiw
  tablekt - Provides k-rate control over table numbers. tablekt
  tablemix - Mixes two tables. tablemix
  tableng - Interrogates a function table for length. tableng
  tablera - Reads tables in sequential locations. tablera
  tableseg - Creates a new function table by making linear segments between values in stored function tables. tableseg
  tablew - Change the contents of existing function tables. tablew
  tablewa - Writes tables in sequential locations. tablewa
  tablewkt - Change the contents of existing function tables. tablewkt
  tablexkt - Reads function tables with linear, cubic, or sinc interpolation. tablexkt
  tablexseg - Creates a new function table by making exponential segments between values in stored function tables. tablexseg
  tambourine - Semi-physical model of a tambourine sound. tambourine
  tan - Performs a tangent function. tan
  tanh - Performs a hyperbolic tangent function. tanh
  taninv - Performs an arctangent function. taninv
  taninv2 - Returns an arctangent. taninv2
  tbvcf - Models some of the filter characteristics of a Roland TB303 voltage-controlled filter. tbvcf
  tempest - Estimate the tempo of beat patterns in a control signal. tempest
  tempo - Apply tempo control to an uninterpreted score. tempo
  tempoval - Reads the current value of the tempo. tempoval
  tigoto - Transfer control at i-time when a new note is being tied onto a previously held note tigoto
  timeinstk - Read absolute time in k-rate cycles. timeinstk
  timeinsts - Read absolute time in seconds. timeinsts
  timek - Read absolute time in k-rate cycles. timek
  times - Read absolute time in seconds. times
  timout - Conditional branch during p-time depending on elapsed note time. timout
  tival - Puts the value of the instrument's internal tie-in flag into the named i-rate variable. tival
  tlineto - Generate glissandos starting from a control signal. tlineto
  tone - A first-order recursive low-pass with variable frequency response. tone
  tonek - A first-order recursive low-pass filter with variable frequency response. tonek
  tonex - Emulates a stack of filters using the tone opcode. tonex
  tradsyn - Streaming partial track additive synthesis tradsyn
  transeg - Constructs a user-definable envelope. transeg
  trcross - Streaming partial track cross-synthesis. trcross
  trfilter - Streaming partial track filtering. trfilter
  trhighest - Extracts the highest-frequency track from a streaming track input signal. trhighest
  trigger - Informs when a krate signal crosses a threshold. trigger
  trigseq - Accepts a trigger signal as input and outputs a group of values. trigseq
  trirand - Linear distribution random number generator. trirand x-class noise generators
  trlowest - Extracts the lowest-frequency track from a streaming track input signal. trlowest
  trmix - Streaming partial track mixing. trmix
  trscale - Streaming partial track frequency scaling. trscale
  trshift - Streaming partial track frequency scaling. trshift
  trsplit - Streaming partial track frequency splitting. trsplit
  turnoff - Enables an instrument to turn itself off. turnoff
  turnoff2 - Turn off instance(s) of other instruments at performance time. turnoff2
  turnon - Activate an instrument for an indefinite time. turnon
  unirand - Uniform distribution random number generator (positive values only). unirand x-class noise generators
  upsamp - Modify a signal by up-sampling. upsamp
  urd - A discrete user-defined-distribution random generator that can be used as a function. urd
  vadd - Performs addition between a vectorial control signal and a scalar control signal vadd
  vaddv - Performs addition between two vectorial control signals vaddv
  valpass - Variably reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response. valpass
  vbap16 - Distributes an audio signal among 16 channels. vbap16
  vbap16move - Distribute an audio signal among 16 channels with moving virtual sources. vbap16move
  vbap4 - Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels. vbap4
  vbap4move - Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels with moving virtual sources. vbap4move
  vbap8 - Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels. vbap8
  vbap8move - Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels with moving virtual sources. vbap8move
  vbaplsinit - Configures VBAP output according to loudspeaker parameters. vbaplsinit
  vbapz - Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array. vbapz
  vbapzmove - Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array with moving virtual sources. vbapzmove
  vcella - Cellular Automata vcella
  vco - Implementation of a band limited, analog modeled oscillator. vco
  vco2 - Implementation of a band-limited oscillator using pre-calculated tables. vco2
  vco2ft - Returns a table number at k-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform. vco2ft
  vco2ift - Returns a table number at i-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform. vco2ift
  vco2init - Calculates tables for use by vco2 opcode. vco2init
  vcomb - Variably reverberates an input signal with a colored frequency response. vcomb
  vcopy - Copies between two vectorial control signals vcopy
  vcopy_i - Copies between two vectorial control signals. vcopy
  vdelay - An interpolating variable time delay. vdelay
  vdelay3 - An variable time delay with cubic interpolation. vdelay3
  vdelayx - A variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation. vdelayx
  vdelayxq - A 4-channel variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation. vdelayxq
  vdelayxs - A stereo variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation. vdelayxs
  vdelayxw - Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation. vdelayxw
  vdelayxwq - Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation. vdelayxwq
  vdelayxws - Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation. vdelayxws
  vdivv - Performs division between two vectorial control signals vdivv
  vdelayk - k-rate variable time delay. vdelayk
  vecdelay - Vectorial Control-rate Delay Paths vecdelay
  veloc - Get the velocity from a MIDI event. veloc
  vexp - Performs power-of operations between a vectorial control signal and a scalar control signal vexp
  vexpseg - Vectorial envelope generator vexpseg
  vexpv - Performs exponential operations between two vectorial control signals vexpv
  vibes - Physical model related to the striking of a metal block. vibes
  vibr - Easier-to-use user-controllable vibrato. vibr
  vibrato - Generates a natural-sounding user-controllable vibrato. vibrato
  vincr - Accumulates audio signals. vincr
  vlimit - Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals vlimit
  vlinseg - Vectorial envelope generator vlinseg
  vlowres - A bank of filters in which the cutoff frequency can be separated under user control. vlowres
  vmap - Maps elements from a vectorial control signal vmap
  vmirror - Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals vmirror
  vmult - Performs multiplication between a vectorial control signal and a scalar control signal vmult
  vmultv - Performs mutiplication between two vectorial control signals vmultv
  voice - An emulation of a human voice. voice
  vport - Vectorial Control-rate Delay Paths vport
  vpow - Performs power-of operations between a vectorial control signal and a scalar control signal vpow
  vpowv - Performs power-of operations between two vectorial control signals vpowv
  vpvoc - Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder and an extra envelope. vpvoc
  vrandh - Generate a sort of 'vectorial band-limited noise' vrandh
  vrandi - Generate a sort of 'vectorial band-limited noise' vrandi
  vstaudio, vstaudiog - VST audio output. vstaudio
  vstbankload - Loads parameter banks to a VST plugin. vstbankload
  vstedit - Opens the GUI editor widow for a VST plugin. vstedit
  vstinit - Load a VST plugin into memory for use with the other vst4cs opcodes. vstinit
  vstinfo - Displays the parameters and the programs of a VST plugin. vstinfo
  vstmidiout - Sends MIDI information to a VST plugin. vstmidiout
  vstnote - Sends a MIDI note with definite duration to a VST plugin. vstnote
  vstparamset,vstparamget - Used for parameter comunication to and from a VST plugin. vstparamset
  vstprogset - Loads parameter banks to a VST plugin. vstprogset
  vsubv - Performs subtraction between two vectorial control signals vsubv
  vtablei - Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors). vtablei
  vtablek - Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors). vtablek
  vtablea - Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors). vtablea
  vtablewi - Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors). vtablewi
  vtablewk - Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors). vtablewk
  vtablewa - Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors). vtablewa
  vtabi - Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors). vtabi
  vtabk - Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors). vtabk
  vtaba - Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors). vtaba
  vtabwi - Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors). vtabwi
  vtabwk - Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors). vtabwk
  vtabwa - Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors). vtabwa
  vwrap - Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals vwrap
  waveset - A simple time stretch by repeating cycles. waveset
  weibull - Weibull distribution random number generator (positive values only). weibull x-class noise generators
  wgbow - Creates a tone similar to a bowed string. wgbow
  wgbowedbar - A physical model of a bowed bar. wgbowedbar
  wgbrass - Creates a tone related to a brass instrument. wgbrass
  wgclar - Creates a tone similar to a clarinet. wgclar
  wgflute - Creates a tone similar to a flute. wgflute
  wgpluck - A high fidelity simulation of a plucked string. wgpluck
  wgpluck2 - Physical model of the plucked string. wgpluck2
  wguide1 - A simple waveguide model consisting of one delay-line and one first-order lowpass filter. wguide1
  wguide2 - A model of beaten plate consisting of two parallel delay-lines and two first-order lowpass filters. wguide2
  wrap - Wraps-around the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds. wrap
  wterrain - A simple wave-terrain synthesis opcode. wterrain
  xadsr - Calculates the classical ADSR envelope. xadsr
  xin - Passes variables from a user-defined opcode block, xin
  xout - Retrieves variables from a user-defined opcode block, xout
  xscanmap - Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read. xscanmap
  xscansmap - Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read. xscansmap
  xscans - Fast scanned synthesis waveform and the wavetable generator. xscans
  xscanu - Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis. xscanu
  xtratim - Extend the duration of real-time generated events. xtratim
  xyin - Sense the cursor position in an output window xyin
  zacl - Clears one or more variables in the za space. zacl
  zakinit - Establishes zak space. zakinit
  zamod - Modulates one a-rate signal by a second one. zamod
  zar - Reads from a location in za space at a-rate. zar
  zarg - Reads from a location in za space at a-rate, adds some gain. zarg
  zaw - Writes to a za variable at a-rate without mixing. zaw
  zawm - Writes to a za variable at a-rate with mixing. zawm
  zfilter2 - Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with radial pole-shearing and angular pole-warping. zfilter2
  zir - Reads from a location in zk space at i-rate. zir
  ziw - Writes to a zk variable at i-rate without mixing. ziw
  ziwm - Writes to a zk variable to an i-rate variable with mixing. ziwm
  zkcl - Clears one or more variables in the zk space. zkcl
  zkmod - Facilitates the modulation of one signal by another. zkmod
  zkr - Reads from a location in zk space at k-rate. zkr
  zkw - Writes to a zk variable at k-rate without mixing. zkw
  zkwm - Writes to a zk variable at k-rate with mixing. zkwm
  barmodel - Creates a tone similar to a stuck metal bar. barmodel
Score Statements and GEN Routines
  Score Statements
  GEN Routines
The Utility Programs
  Directories.
  Soundfile Formats.
  Credits
  Analysis File Generation
  File Queries
  File Conversion
  Other Csound Utilities
Cscore
  Events, Lists, and Operations
  Writing a Main Program
  More Advanced Examples
  Compiling a Cscore Program
Extending Csound
  Adding Unit Generators
    Creating a Builtin Unit Generator
    Adding a Plugin Unit Generator
    `OENTRY` Reference

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