- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- COMMAND SUMMARY

- STANDARD COMMANDS
- MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS
- ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS

- PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS
- SEE ALSO
- HISTORY

# NAME

openssl - OpenSSL command line tool

# SYNOPSIS

openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]

openssl [ list-standard-commands | list-message-digest-commands | list-cipher-commands | list-cipher-algorithms | list-message-digest-algorithms | list-public-key-algorithms]

openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ]

# DESCRIPTION

OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards required by them.

The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell. It can be used for

     o  Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
     o  Public key cryptographic operations
     o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
     o  Calculation of Message Digests
     o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
     o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
     o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
     o  Time Stamp requests, generation and verification

# COMMAND SUMMARY

The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands (command in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments (command_opts and command_args in the SYNOPSIS).

The pseudo-commands list-standard-commands, list-message-digest-commands, and list-cipher-commands output a list (one entry per line) of the names of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands, respectively, that are available in the present openssl utility.

The pseudo-commands list-cipher-algorithms and list-message-digest-algorithms list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:

     from => to

The pseudo-command list-public-key-algorithms lists all supported public key algorithms.

The pseudo-command no-XXX tests whether a command of the specified name is available. If no command named XXX exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; otherwise it returns 1 and prints XXX. In both cases, the output goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr. Additional command line arguments are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the availability of ciphers in the openssl program. (no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list-...-commands, or no-XXX itself.)

## STANDARD COMMANDS

asn1parse

  Parse an ASN.1 sequence.

ca

  Certificate Authority (CA) Management.

ciphers

  Cipher Suite Description Determination.

cms

  CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility

crl

  Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.

crl2pkcs7

  CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.

dgst

  Message Digest Calculation.

dh

  Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by dhparam.

dhparam

  Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by genpkey and pkeyparam

dsa

  DSA Data Management.

dsaparam

  DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey and pkeyparam

ec

  EC (Elliptic curve) key processing

ecparam

  EC parameter manipulation and generation

enc

  Encoding with Ciphers.

engine

  Engine (loadble module) information and manipulation.

errstr

  Error Number to Error String Conversion.

gendh

  Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by dhparam.

gendsa

  Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by genpkey and pkey

genpkey

  Generation of Private Key or Parameters.

genrsa

  Generation of RSA Private Key. Superceded by genpkey.

nseq

  Create or examine a netscape certificate sequence

ocsp

  Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.

passwd

  Generation of hashed passwords.

pkcs12

  PKCS#12 Data Management.

pkcs7

  PKCS#7 Data Management.

pkey

  Public and private key management.

pkeyparam

  Public key algorithm parameter management.

pkeyutl

  Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.

rand

  Generate pseudo-random bytes.

req

  PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.

rsa

  RSA key management.

rsautl

  RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded by pkeyutl

s_client

  This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.

s_server

  This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library. It provides both an own command line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.

s_time

  SSL Connection Timer.

sess_id

  SSL Session Data Management.

smime

  S/MIME mail processing.

speed

  Algorithm Speed Measurement.

spkac

  SPKAC printing and generating utility

ts

  Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server)

verify

  X.509 Certificate Verification.

version

  OpenSSL Version Information.

x509

  X.509 Certificate Data Management.

## MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS

md2

  MD2 Digest

md5

  MD5 Digest

mdc2

  MDC2 Digest

rmd160

  RMD-160 Digest

sha

  SHA Digest

sha1

  SHA-1 Digest

sha224

  SHA-224 Digest

sha256

  SHA-256 Digest

sha384

  SHA-384 Digest

sha512

  SHA-512 Digest

## ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS

base64

  Base64 Encoding

bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb

  Blowfish Cipher

cast cast-cbc

  CAST Cipher

cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb

  CAST5 Cipher

des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb

  DES Cipher

des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb

  Triple-DES Cipher

idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb

  IDEA Cipher

rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb

  RC2 Cipher

rc4

  RC4 Cipher

rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb

  RC5 Cipher

# PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS

Several commands accept password arguments, typically using -passin and -passout for input and output passwords respectively. These allow the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no password argument is given and a password is required then the user is prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current terminal with echoing turned off.

pass:password

  the actual password is password. Since the password is visible to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used where security is not important.

env:var

  obtain the password from the environment variable var. Since the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.

file:pathname

  the first line of pathname is the password. If the same pathname argument is supplied to -passin and -passout arguments then the first line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output password. pathname need not refer to a regular file: it could for example refer to a device or named pipe.

fd:number

  read the password from the file descriptor number. This can be used to send the data via a pipe for example.

stdin

  read the password from standard input.

# SEE ALSO

asn1parse, ca, config, crl, crl2pkcs7, dgst, dhparam, dsa, dsaparam, enc, gendsa, genpkey, genrsa, nseq, openssl, passwd, pkcs12, pkcs7, pkcs8, rand, req, rsa, rsautl, s_client, s_server, s_time, smime, spkac, verify, version, x509, crypto, ssl, x509v3_config

# HISTORY

The `openssl(1)` document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2. The list-XXX-commands pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.3; The list-XXX-algorithms pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; the no-XXX pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.5a. For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual manual pages.