


PERLDIAG(1)      Perl Programmers Reference Guide     PERLDIAG(1)


NAME
       perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

DESCRIPTION
       These messages are classified as follows (listed in
       increasing order of desperation):

           (W) A warning (optional).
           (D) A deprecation (optional).
           (S) A severe warning (mandatory).
           (F) A fatal error (trappable).
           (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
           (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
           (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).

       Optional warnings are enabled by using the -w switch.
       Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to a
       reference to a routine that will be called on each warning
       instead of printing it.  See the perlvar manpage.
       Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator.
       See the eval entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Some of these messages are generic.  Spots that vary are
       denoted with a %s, just as in a printf format.  Note that
       some messages start with a %s!  The symbols "%(-?@ sort
       before the letters, while [ and \ sort after.

       """"my"""" variable %s can't be in a package
           (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so
           it doesn't make sense to try to declare one with a
           package qualifier on the front.  Use local() if you
           want to localize a package variable.

       """"my"""" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same
           %s
           (W) A lexical variable has been redeclared in the
           current scope or statement, effectively eliminating
           all access to the previous instance.  This is almost
           always a typographical error.  Note that the earlier
           variable will still exist until the end of the scope
           or until all closure referents to it are destroyed.

       """"no"""" not allowed in expression
           (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at
           compile time, and returns no useful value.  See the
           perlmod manpage.

       """"use"""" not allowed in expression
           (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at
           compile time, and returns no useful value.  See the
           perlmod manpage.

       % may only be used in unpack
           (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum,



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           because the checksumming process loses information,
           and you can't go the other way.  See the unpack entry
           in the perlfunc manpage.

       %s (...) interpreted as function
           (W) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any
           list operator followed by parentheses turns into a
           function, with all the list operators arguments found
           inside the parentheses.  See the section on Terms and
           List Operators (Leftward) in the perlop manpage.

       %s argument is not a HASH element
           (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash element,
           such as

               $foo{$bar}
               $ref->[12]->{"susie"}


       %s argument is not a HASH element or slice
           (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash
           element, such as

               $foo{$bar}
               $ref->[12]->{"susie"}

           or a hash slice, such as

               @foo{$bar, $baz, $xyzzy}
               @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}


       %s did not return a true value
           (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value
           to indicate that it compiled correctly and ran its
           initialization code correctly.  It's traditional to
           end such a file with a "1;", though any true value
           would do.  See the require entry in the perlfunc
           manpage.

       %s found where operator expected
           (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or
           an operator.  If it sees what it knows to be a term
           when it was expecting to see an operator, it gives you
           this warning.  Usually it indicates that an operator
           or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.

       %s had compilation errors
           (F) The final summary message when a perl -c fails.

       %s has too many errors
           (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the
           program after 10 errors.  Further error messages would
           likely be uninformative.



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       %s matches null string many times
           (W) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite
           loop if the regular expression engine didn't
           specifically check for that.  See the perlre manpage.

       %s never introduced
           (S) The symbol in question was declared but somehow
           went out of scope before it could possibly have been
           used.

       %s syntax OK
           (F) The final summary message when a perl -c succeeds.

       %s: Command not found
           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
           instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
           your script into Perl yourself.

       %s: Expression syntax
           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
           instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
           your script into Perl yourself.

       %s: Undefined variable
           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
           instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
           your script into Perl yourself.

       %s: not found
           (A) You've accidentally run your script through the
           Bourne shell instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or
           manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

       (in cleanup) %s
           (W) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY()
           method raised the indicated exception.  Since
           destructors are usually called by the system at
           arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast
           number of times, the warning is issued only once for
           any number of failures that would otherwise result in
           the same message being repeated.

           Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the
           G_KEEPERR flag could also result in this warning.  See
           the G_KEEPERR entry in the perlcall manpage.

       (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
           (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with
           the message "%s found where operator expected".  Don't
           automatically put a semicolon on the previous line
           just because you saw this message.

       -P not allowed for setuid/setgid script
           (F) The script would have to be opened by the C



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           preprocessor by name, which provides a race condition
           that breaks security.

       -T and -B not implemented on filehandles
           (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles
           when it doesn't know about your kind of stdio.  You'll
           have to use a filename instead.

       -p destination: %s
           (F) An error occurred during the implicit output
           invoked by the -p command-line switch.  (This output
           goes to STDOUT unless you've redirected it with
           select().)

       500 Server error
           See Server error.

       ?+* follows nothing in regexp
           (F) You started a regular expression with a
           quantifier.  Backslash it if you meant it literally.
           See the perlre manpage.

       @ outside of string
           (F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute
           position outside the string being unpacked.  See the
           pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       accept() on closed fd
           (W) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket.  Did
           you forget to check the return value of your socket()
           call?  See the accept entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Allocation too large: %lx
           (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS
           machine.

       Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
           (W) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///), and
           transliteration (tr///) operators work on scalar
           values.  If you apply one of them to an array or a
           hash, it will convert the array or hash to a scalar
           value -- the length of an array, or the population
           info of a hash -- and then work on that scalar value.
           This is probably not what you meant to do.  See the
           grep entry in the perlfunc manpage and the map entry
           in the perlfunc manpage for alternatives.

       Arg too short for msgsnd
           (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as
           sizeof(long).

       Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
           (W)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted
           the way you thought.  Normally it's pretty easy to



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           disambiguate it by supplying a missing quote,
           operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.

       Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or
           use &
           (W) A subroutine you have declared has the same name
           as a Perl keyword, and you have used the name without
           qualification for calling one or the other.  Perl
           decided to call the builtin because the subroutine is
           not imported.

           To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either
           put an ampersand before the subroutine name, or
           qualify the name with its package.  Alternatively, you
           can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
           imported with the use subs pragma).

           To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the
           CORE:: prefix on the operator (e.g. CORE::log($x)) or
           by declaring the subroutine to be an object method
           (see the attrs manpage).

       Args must match #! line
           (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments
           Perl was invoked with match the arguments specified on
           the #! line.  Since some systems impose a one-argument
           limit on the #! line, try combining switches; for
           example, turn -w -U into -wU.

       Argument """"%s"""" isn't numeric%s
           (W) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
           operator that expected a numeric value instead.  If
           you're fortunate the message will identify which
           operator was so unfortunate.

       Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
           (D) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names
           in some spots.  This is now heavily deprecated.

       assertion botched: %s
           (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an
           internal failure.

       Assertion failed: file """"%s""""
           (P) A general assertion failed.  The file in question
           must be examined.

       Assignment to both a list and a scalar
           (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd
           and 3rd arguments must either both be scalars or both
           be lists.  Otherwise Perl won't know which context to
           supply to the right side.





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       Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
           (P) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
           arenas that will be garbage collected on exit.  An SV
           was discovered to be outside any of those arenas.

       Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
           (P) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table
           of strings to optimize the storage and access of hash
           keys and other strings.  This indicates someone tried
           to decrement the reference count of a string that can
           no longer be found in the table.

       Attempt to free temp prematurely
           (W) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
           free_tmps() routine.  This indicates that something
           else is freeing the SV before the free_tmps() routine
           gets a chance, which means that the free_tmps()
           routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it
           does try to free it.

       Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
           (P) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol
           aliases.

       Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
           (W) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a
           scalar to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that
           it had already gone to 0 earlier, and should have been
           freed, and in fact, probably was freed.  This could
           indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
           times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few
           times, or that the SV was mortalized when it shouldn't
           have been, or that memory has been corrupted.

       Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
           (W) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the
           result of a function, or a computed expression) to the
           "p" pack() template.  This means the result contains a
           pointer to a location that could become invalid
           anytime, even before the end of the current statement.
           Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
           pack() template to avoid this warning.

       Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
           (W) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
           substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange.
           Perhaps you forgot to dereference it first.  See the
           substr entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
           (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of
           msgctl(), semctl() or shmctl().  In C parlance, the
           correct sizes are, respectively,
           sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),



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           and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).

       Bad filehandle: %s
           (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a
           filehandle, but the symbol has no filehandle
           associated with it.  Perhaps you didn't do an open(),
           or did it in another package.

       Bad free() ignored
           (S) An internal routine called free() on something
           that had never been malloc()ed in the first place.
           Mandatory, but can be disabled by setting environment
           variable PERL_BADFREE to 1.

           This message can be quite often seen with DB_File on
           systems with "hard" dynamic linking, like AIX and
           OS/2. It is a bug of Berkeley DB which is left
           unnoticed if DB uses forgiving system malloc().

       Bad hash
           (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a
           null HV pointer.

       Bad index while coercing array into hash
           (F) The index looked up in the hash found as the 0'th
           element of a pseudo-hash is not legal.  Index values
           must be at 1 or greater.  See the perlref manpage.

       Bad name after %s::
           (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package
           prefix, and then didn't finish the symbol.  In
           particular, you can't interpolate outside of quotes,
           so

               $var = 'myvar';
               $sym = mypack::$var;

           is not the same as

               $var = 'myvar';
               $sym = "mypack::$var";


       Bad symbol for array
           (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to
           something that wasn't a symbol table entry.

       Bad symbol for filehandle
           (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle
           entry to something that wasn't a symbol table entry.

       Bad symbol for hash
           (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to
           something that wasn't a symbol table entry.



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       Badly placed ()'s
           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
           instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
           your script into Perl yourself.

       Bareword """"%s"""" not allowed while """"strict subs""""
           in use
           (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only
           allowed as a subroutine identifier, in curly brackets
           or to the left of the "=>" symbol.  Perhaps you need
           to predeclare a subroutine?

       Bareword """"%s"""" refers to nonexistent package
           (W) You used a qualified bareword of the form Foo::,
           but the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace
           before that point.  Perhaps you need to predeclare a
           package?

       BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
           (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing
           a BEGIN subroutine.  Compilation stops immediately and
           the interpreter is exited.

       BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
           (F) Perl found a BEGIN {} subroutine (or a use
           directive, which implies a BEGIN {}) after one or more
           compilation errors had already occurred.  Since the
           intended environment for the BEGIN {} could not be
           guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent
           code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl
           just gave up.

       bind() on closed fd
           (W) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket.  Did
           you forget to check the return value of your socket()
           call?  See the bind entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Bizarre copy of %s in %s
           (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value
           that is not copiable.

       Callback called exit
           (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via
           perl_call_sv() exited by calling exit.

       Can't """"goto"""" outside a block
           (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of
           what might look like a block, except that it isn't a
           proper block.  This usually occurs if you tried to
           jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a
           no-no.  See the goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Can't """"goto"""" into the middle of a foreach loop
           (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the



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           middle of a foreach loop.  You can't get there from
           here.  See the goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Can't """"last"""" outside a block
           (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of
           the current block, except that there's this itty bitty
           problem called there isn't a current block.  Note that
           an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
           block, as doesn't a block given to sort().  You can
           usually double the curlies to get the same effect
           though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
           block that loops once.  See the last entry in the
           perlfunc manpage.

       Can't """"next"""" outside a block
           (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the
           current block, but there isn't a current block.  Note
           that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
           "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort().
           You can usually double the curlies to get the same
           effect though, because the inner curlies will be
           considered a block that loops once.  See the next
           entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Can't """"redo"""" outside a block
           (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the
           current block, but there isn't a current block.  Note
           that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
           "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort().
           You can usually double the curlies to get the same
           effect though, because the inner curlies will be
           considered a block that loops once.  See the redo
           entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Can't bless non-reference value
           (F) Only hard references may be blessed.  This is how
           Perl "enforces" encapsulation of objects.  See the
           perlobj manpage.

       Can't break at that line
           (S) A warning intended to only be printed while
           running within the debugger, indicating the line
           number specified wasn't the location of a statement
           that could be stopped at.

       Can't call method """"%s"""" in empty package """"%s""""
           (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly
           indicated a package functioning as a class, but that
           package doesn't have ANYTHING defined in it, let alone
           methods.  See the perlobj manpage.

       Can't call method """"%s"""" on unblessed reference
           (F) A method call must know in what package it's
           supposed to run.  It ordinarily finds this out from



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           the object reference you supply, but you didn't supply
           an object reference in this case.  A reference isn't
           an object reference until it has been blessed.  See
           the perlobj manpage.

       Can't call method """"%s"""" without a package or object
           reference
           (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot
           filled by the object reference or package name
           contains an expression that returns a defined value
           which is neither an object reference nor a package
           name.  Something like this will reproduce the error:

               $BADREF = 42;
               process $BADREF 1,2,3;
               $BADREF->process(1,2,3);


       Can't call method """"%s"""" on an undefined value
           (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot
           filled by the object reference or package name
           contains an undefined value.  Something like this will
           reproduce the error:

               $BADREF = undef;
               process $BADREF 1,2,3;
               $BADREF->process(1,2,3);


       Can't chdir to %s
           (F) You called perl -x/foo/bar, but /foo/bar is not a
           directory that you can chdir to, possibly because it
           doesn't exist.

       Can't check filesystem of script """"%s"""" for nosuid
           (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of
           the script for nosuid.

       Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
           (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol
           table entries (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop
           being what they are.  So you can't say things like:

               *foo += 1;

           You CAN say

               $foo = *foo;
               $foo += 1;

           but then $foo no longer contains a glob.

       Can't coerce %s to number in %s
           (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol



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           table entries (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop
           being what they are.

       Can't coerce %s to string in %s
           (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol
           table entries (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop
           being what they are.

       Can't coerce array into hash
           (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but
           the array has no information on how to map from keys
           to array indices.  You can do that only with arrays
           that have a hash reference at index 0.

       Can't create pipe mailbox
           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  The process is
           suffering from exhausted quotas or other plumbing
           problems.

       Can't declare %s in my
           (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be
           declared as lexical variables.  They must have
           ordinary identifiers as names.

       Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
           (S) The creation of the new file failed for the
           indicated reason.

       Can't do inplace edit without backup
           (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets
           confused if you try reading from a deleted (but still
           opened) file.  You have to say -i.bak, or some such.

       Can't do inplace edit: %s > 14 characters
           (S) There isn't enough room in the filename to make a
           backup name for the file.

       Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
           (S) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file,
           such as a file in /dev, or a FIFO.  The file was
           ignored.

       Can't do setegid!
           (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the
           setuid emulator of suidperl.

       Can't do seteuid!
           (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some
           reason.

       Can't do setuid
           (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to
           exec suidperl to do setuid emulation, but couldn't
           exec it.  It looks for a name of the form sperl5.000



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           in the same directory that the perl executable resides
           under the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on
           Unix machines.  If the file is there, check the
           execute permissions.  If it isn't, ask your sysadmin
           why he and/or she removed it.

       Can't do waitpid with flags
           (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or
           wait4(), so only waitpid() without flags is emulated.

       Can't do {n,m} with n > m
           (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima.  If
           you really want your regexp to match something 0
           times, just put {0}.  See the perlre manpage.

       Can't emulate -%s on #! line
           (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make
           sense at this point.  For example, it'd be kind of
           silly to put a -x on the #! line.

       Can't exec """"%s": %s
           (W) An system(), exec(), or piped open call could not
           execute the named program for the indicated reason.
           Typical reasons include: the permissions were wrong on
           the file, the file wasn't found in $ENV{PATH}, the
           executable in question was compiled for another
           architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
           interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons.
           (Or maybe your system doesn't support #! at all.)

       Can't exec %s
           (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program
           for you because that's what the #! line said.  If
           that's not what you wanted, you may need to mention
           "perl" on the #! line somewhere.

       Can't execute %s
           (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the
           script to execute found in the PATH did not have
           correct permissions.

       Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
           (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute
           could not be found in the PATH, or at least not with
           the correct permissions.  The script exists in the
           current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.

       Can't find %s on PATH
           (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute
           could not be found in the PATH.

       Can't find label %s
           (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned
           anywhere that it's possible for us to go to.  See the



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           goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
           (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines.
           This message means that the closing delimiter was
           omitted.  Because bracketed quotes count nesting
           levels, the following is missing its final
           parenthesis:

               print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);

           If you're getting this error from a here-document, you
           may have included unseen whitespace before or after
           your closing tag. A good programmer's editor will have
           a way to help you find these characters.

       Can't fork
           (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while
           opening a pipeline.

       Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
           (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  This arises because of
           the difference between access checks under VMS and
           under the Unix model Perl assumes.  Under VMS, access
           checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
           the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections
           can be taken into account.  Unfortunately, Perl
           assumes that the stat buffer contains all the
           necessary information, and passes it, instead of the
           filespec, to the access checking routine.  It will try
           to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
           present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you
           haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat()
           routine, because the device name is overwritten with
           each call.  If this warning appears, the name lookup
           failed, and the access checking routine gave up and
           returned FALSE, just to be conservative.  (Note: The
           access checking routine knows about the Perl stat
           operator and file tests, so you shouldn't ever see
           this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
           only if some internal code takes stat buffers
           lightly.)

       Can't get pipe mailbox device name
           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  After creating a
           mailbox to act as a pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name
           for later use.

       Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl asked $GETSYI how
           big you want your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't
           get an answer.





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       Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
           (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only
           replace one subroutine call for another.  It can't
           manufacture one out of whole cloth.  In general you
           should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD routine
           anyway.  See the goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
           (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump
           out of an eval "string".  (You can use it to jump out
           of an eval {BLOCK}, but you probably don't want to.)

       Can't localize through a reference
           (F) You said something like local $$ref, which Perl
           can't currently handle, because when it goes to
           restore the old value of whatever $ref pointed to
           after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't
           be sure that $ref will still be a reference.

       Can't localize lexical variable %s
           (F) You used local on a variable name that was
           previously declared as a lexical variable using "my".
           This is not allowed.  If you want to localize a
           package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
           package name.

       Can't localize pseudo-hash element
           (F) You said something like local $ar->{'key'}, where
           $ar is a reference to a pseudo-hash.  That hasn't been
           implemented yet, but you can get a similar effect by
           localizing the corresponding array element directly --
           local $ar->[$ar->[0]{'key'}].

       Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
           (F) A function (or method) was called in a package
           which allows autoload, but there is no function to
           autoload.  Most probable causes are a misprint in a
           function/method name or a failure to AutoSplit the
           file, say, by doing make install.

       Can't locate %s in @INC
           (F) You said to do (or require, or use) a file that
           couldn't be found in any of the libraries mentioned in
           @INC.  Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or
           PERL5OPT environment variable to say where the extra
           library is, or maybe the script needs to add the
           library name to @INC.  Or maybe you just misspelled
           the name of the file.  See the require entry in the
           perlfunc manpage.

       Can't locate object method """"%s"""" via package
           """"%s""""
           (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly
           indicated a package functioning as a class, but that



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           package doesn't define that particular method, nor
           does any of its base classes.  See the perlobj
           manpage.

       Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
           (W) The @ISA array contained the name of another
           package that doesn't seem to exist.

       Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
           (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some
           systems, notably VMS.

       Can't modify %s in %s
           (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item
           indicated, or otherwise try to change it, such as with
           an auto-increment.

       Can't modify nonexistent substring
           (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a
           substr() was handed a NULL.

       Can't msgrcv to read-only var
           (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be
           used as a receive buffer.

       Can't open %s: %s
           (S) The implicit opening of a file through use of the
           <> filehandle, either implicitly under the -n or -p
           command-line switches, or explicitly, failed for the
           indicated reason.  Usually this is because you don't
           have read permission for a file which you named on the
           command line.

       Can't open bidirectional pipe
           (W) You tried to say open(CMD, "|cmd|"), which is not
           supported.  You can try any of several modules in the
           Perl library to do this, such as IPC::Open2.
           Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
           ">", and then read it in under a different file
           handle.

       Can't open error file %s as stderr
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own
           command line redirection, and couldn't open the file
           specified after '2>' or '2>>' on the command line for
           writing.

       Can't open input file %s as stdin
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own
           command line redirection, and couldn't open the file
           specified after '<' on the command line for reading.

       Can't open output file %s as stdout
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own



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           command line redirection, and couldn't open the file
           specified after '>' or '>>' on the command line for
           writing.

       Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own
           command line redirection, and couldn't open the pipe
           into which to send data destined for stdout.

       Can't open perl script """"%s": %s
           (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the
           indicated reason.

       Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
           (F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort
           subroutines and keeps pointers into them.  You tried
           to redefine one such sort subroutine when it was
           currently active, which is not allowed.  If you really
           want to do this, you should write sort { &func } @x
           instead of sort func @x.

       Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
           (S) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some
           reason, probably because you don't have write
           permission to the directory.

       Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl thought stdin was
           a pipe, and tried to reopen it to accept binary data.
           Alas, it failed.

       Can't reswap uid and euid
           (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the
           setuid emulator of suidperl.

       Can't return outside a subroutine
           (F) The return statement was executed in mainline
           code, that is, where there was no subroutine call to
           return out of.  See the perlsub manpage.

       Can't stat script """"%s""""
           (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even
           though you have it open already.  Bizarre.

       Can't swap uid and euid
           (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the
           setuid emulator of suidperl.

       Can't take log of %g
           (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the
           logarithm of a negative number or zero. There's a
           Math::Complex package that comes standard with Perl,
           though, if you really want to do that for the negative
           numbers.



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       Can't take sqrt of %g
           (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the
           square root of a negative number.  There's a
           Math::Complex package that comes standard with Perl,
           though, if you really want to do that.

       Can't undef active subroutine
           (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently
           running.  You can, however, redefine it while it's
           running, and you can even undef the redefined
           subroutine while the old routine is running.  Go
           figure.

       Can't unshift
           (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't
           be unshifted, such as the main Perl stack.

       Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
           (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to
           an SV, making it into a more specialized kind of SV.
           The top several SV types are so specialized, however,
           that they cannot be interconverted.  This message
           indicates that such a conversion was attempted.

       Can't upgrade to undef
           (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole,
           in the scheme of upgradability.  Upgrading to undef
           indicates an error in the code calling sv_upgrade.

       Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available
           (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl
           automatically loads the Errno.pm module. The Errno
           module is expected to tie the %! hash to provide
           symbolic names for $! errno values.

       Can't use """"my %s"""" in sort comparison
           (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for
           sort comparisons.  You mentioned $a or $b in the same
           line as the <=> or cmp operator, and the variable had
           earlier been declared as a lexical variable.  Either
           qualify the sort variable with the package name, or
           rename the lexical variable.

       Can't use %s for loop variable
           (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a
           loop variable on a foreach.

       Can't use %s ref as %s ref
           (F) You've mixed up your reference types.  You have to
           dereference a reference of the type needed.  You can
           use the ref() function to test the type of the
           reference, if need be.





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       Can't use \1 to mean $1 in expression
           (W) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary
           operator that creates a reference to its argument.
           The use of backslash to indicate a backreference to a
           matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
           expression pattern.  Trying to do this in ordinary
           Perl code produces a value that prints out looking
           like SCALAR(0xdecaf).  Use the $1 form instead.

       Can't use bareword '%s' as %s ref while \"strict refs\""""
           in use
           (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".
           Symbolic references are disallowed.  See the perlref
           manpage.

       Can't use string '%s' as %s ref while """"strict refs""""
           in use
           (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".
           Symbolic references are disallowed.  See the perlref
           manpage.

       Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
           (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a
           symbolic reference must be a defined value.  This
           helps to delurk some insidious errors.

       Can't use global %s in """"my""""
           (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a
           lexical variable.  This is not allowed, because the
           magic can be tied to only one location (namely the
           global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing
           to have variables in your program that looked like
           magical variables but weren't.

       Can't use subscript on %s
           (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed
           expression as a subscript.  But to the left of the
           brackets was an expression that didn't look like an
           array reference, or anything else subscriptable.

       Can't x= to read-only value
           (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the
           undefined value) with an assignment operator, which
           implies modifying the value itself.  Perhaps you need
           to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.

       Cannot find an opnumber for """"%s""""
           (F) A string of a form CORE::word was given to
           prototype(), but there is no builtin with the name
           word.

       Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package
           `%s'
           (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a



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           method name (as opposed to a subroutine reference): no
           such method callable via the package. If method name
           is ???, this is an internal error.

       Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future
           extensions
           (W) Within regular expression character classes ([])
           the syntax beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is
           reserved for future extensions.  If you need to
           represent those character sequences inside a regular
           expression character class, just quote the square
           brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]".

       Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
           extensions
           (W) Within regular expression character classes ([])
           the syntax beginning with "[:" and ending with ":]" is
           reserved for future extensions.  If you need to
           represent those character sequences inside a regular
           expression character class, just quote the square
           brackets with the backslash: "\[:" and ":\]".

       Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future
           extensions
           (W) Within regular expression character classes ([])
           the syntax beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is
           reserved for future extensions.  If you need to
           represent those character sequences inside a regular
           expression character class, just quote the square
           brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]".

       chmod: mode argument is missing initial 0
           (W) A novice will sometimes say

               chmod 777, $filename

           not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a
           decimal number, equivalent to 01411.  Octal constants
           are introduced with a leading 0 in Perl, as in C.

       Close on unopened file <%s>
           (W) You tried to close a filehandle that was never
           opened.

       Compilation failed in require
           (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a
           require statement.  Perl uses this generic message
           when none of the errors that it encountered were
           severe enough to halt compilation immediately.

       Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d)
           exceeded
           (W) The regular expression engine uses recursion in
           complex situations where back-tracking is required.



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           Recursion depth is limited to 32766, or perhaps less
           in architectures where the stack cannot grow
           arbitrarily.  ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
           handled without recursion and are not subject to a
           limit.)  Try shortening the string under examination;
           looping in Perl code (e.g. with while) rather than in
           the regular expression engine; or rewriting the
           regular expression so that it is simpler or backtracks
           less.  (See the perlbook manpage for information on
           Mastering Regular Expressions.)

       connect() on closed fd
           (W) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket.  Did
           you forget to check the return value of your socket()
           call?  See the connect entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Constant is not %s reference
           (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the use
           constant pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts
           to the wrong type of reference.  The message indicates
           the type of reference that was expected. This usually
           indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant
           value.  See the section on Constant Functions in the
           perlsub manpage and the constant manpage.

       Constant subroutine %s redefined
           (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
           been eligible for inlining.  See the section on
           Constant Functions in the perlsub manpage for
           commentary and workarounds.

       Constant subroutine %s undefined
           (S) You undefined a subroutine which had previously
           been eligible for inlining.  See the section on
           Constant Functions in the perlsub manpage for
           commentary and workarounds.

       Copy method did not return a reference
           (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See the
           section on Copy Constructor in the overload manpage.

       Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
           (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an
           internal failure.

       corrupted regexp pointers
           (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what
           the regular expression compiler gave it.

       corrupted regexp program
           (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp
           program without a valid magic number.





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       Deep recursion on subroutine """"%s""""
           (W) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
           indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned.  This
           probably indicates an infinite recursion, unless
           you're writing strange benchmark programs, in which
           case it indicates something else.

       Delimiter for here document is too long
           (F) In a here document construct like <<FOO, the label
           FOO is too long for Perl to handle.  You have to be
           seriously twisted to write code that triggers this
           error.

       Did you mean &%s instead?
           (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine
           &FOO as $FOO or some such.

       Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?
           (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant
           $hash{$key} or @hash{@keys}.  On the other hand, maybe
           you just meant %hash and got carried away.

       Died
           (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent
           of die "") or you called it with no args and both $@
           and $_ were empty.

       Do you need to predeclare %s?
           (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with
           the message "%s found where operator expected".  It
           often means a subroutine or module name is being
           referenced that hasn't been declared yet.  This may be
           because of ordering problems in your file, or because
           of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
           statement.  If you're referencing something that isn't
           defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
           subroutine or package before the current location.
           You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to
           enter a "forward" declaration.

       Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
           (P) The internal handling of magical variables has
           been cursed.

       do_study: out of memory
           (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc()
           instead.

       Duplicate free() ignored
           (S) An internal routine called free() on something
           that had already been freed.

       elseif should be elsif
           (S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry



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           thinks it's ugly.  Your code will be interpreted as an
           attempt to call a method named "elseif" for the class
           returned by the following block.  This is unlikely to
           be what you want.

       END failed--cleanup aborted
           (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing
           an END subroutine.  The interpreter is immediately
           exited.

       Error converting file specification %s
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Because Perl may have
           to deal with file specifications in either VMS or Unix
           syntax, it converts them to a single form when it must
           operate on them directly.  Either you've passed an
           invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a
           case the conversion routines don't handle.  Drat.

       %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
           (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile
           a regular expression that contains the (?{ ... })
           zero-width assertion, which is unsafe.  See the
           section on (?{ code }) in the perlre manpage, and the
           perlsec manpage.

       %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
           (F) A regular expression contained the (?{ ... })
           zero-width assertion, but that construct is only
           allowed when the use re 'eval' pragma is in effect.
           See the section on (?{ code }) in the perlre manpage.

       %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
           (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression
           containing the (?{ ... }) zero-width assertion at run
           time, as it would when the pattern contains
           interpolated values.  Since that is a security risk,
           it is not allowed.  If you insist, you may still do
           this by explicitly building the pattern from an
           interpolated string at run time and using that in an
           eval().  See the section on (?{ code }) in the perlre
           manpage.

       Excessively long <> operator
           (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the
           maximum size of a Perl identifier.  If you're just
           trying to glob a long list of filenames, try using the
           glob() operator, or put the filenames into a variable
           and glob that.

       Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
           (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation
           fails.





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       Exiting eval via %s
           (W) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means,
           such as a goto, or a loop control statement.

       Exiting pseudo-block via %s
           (W) You are exiting a rather special block construct
           (like a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional
           means, such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
           See the sort entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Exiting subroutine via %s
           (W) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional
           means, such as a goto, or a loop control statement.

       Exiting substitution via %s
           (W) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional
           means, such as a return, a goto, or a loop control
           statement.

       Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
           (W) You are blessing a reference to a zero length
           string.  This has the effect of blessing the reference
           into the package main.  This is usually not what you
           want.  Consider providing a default target package,
           e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');

       Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Something untoward
           happened in a VMS system service or RTL routine;
           Perl's exit status should provide more details.  The
           filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d"
           tell you which section of the Perl source code is
           distressed.

       fcntl is not implemented
           (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl().
           What is this, a PDP-11 or something?

       Filehandle %s never opened
           (W) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle
           that was never initialized.  You need to do an open()
           or a socket() call, or call a constructor from the
           FileHandle package.

       Filehandle %s opened for only input
           (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle.  If
           you intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you
           needed to open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead
           of with "<" or nothing.  If you intended only to write
           the file, use ">" or ">>".  See the open entry in the
           perlfunc manpage.

       Filehandle opened for only input
           (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle.  If



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           you intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you
           needed to open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead
           of with "<" or nothing.  If you intended only to write
           the file, use ">" or ">>".  See the open entry in the
           perlfunc manpage.

       Final $ should be \$ or $name
           (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a
           string was meant to be a literal dollar sign, or was
           meant to introduce a variable name that happens to be
           missing.  So you have to put either the backslash or
           the name.

       Final @ should be \@ or @name
           (F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a
           string was meant to be a literal "at" sign, or was
           meant to introduce a variable name that happens to be
           missing.  So you have to put either the backslash or
           the name.

       Format %s redefined
           (W) You redefined a format.  To suppress this warning,
           say

               {
                   local $^W = 0;
                   eval "format NAME =...";
               }


       Format not terminated
           (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a
           solitary dot.  Perl got to the end of your file
           without finding such a line.

       Found = in conditional, should be ==
           (W) You said

               if ($foo = 123)

           when you meant

               if ($foo == 123)

           (or something like that).

       gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key """"%s""""
           (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a
           store failed.

       gethostent not implemented
           (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement
           gethostent(), probably because if it did, it'd feel
           morally obligated to return every hostname on the



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           Internet.

       get{sock,peer}name() on closed fd
           (W) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
           closed socket.  Did you forget to check the return
           value of your socket() call?

       getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user """"%s""""
           (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  The call to sys$getuai
           underlying the getpwnam operator returned an invalid
           UIC.

       Glob not terminated
           (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place
           where it was expecting a term, so it's looking for the
           corresponding right angle bracket, and not finding it.
           Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
           earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
           than".

       Global symbol """"%s"""" requires explicit package name
           (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates
           that all variables must either be lexically scoped
           (using "my"), or explicitly qualified to say which
           package the global variable is in (using "::").

       goto must have label
           (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed
           to goto an unspecified destination.  See the goto
           entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Had to create %s unexpectedly
           (S) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table
           that ought to have existed already, but for some
           reason it didn't, and had to be created on an
           emergency basis to prevent a core dump.

       Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
           (D) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names
           in some spots.  This is now heavily deprecated.

       Identifier too long
           (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables,
           functions, etc.) to about 250 characters for simple
           names, and somewhat more for compound names (like
           $A::B).  You've exceeded Perl's limits.  Future
           versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these
           arbitrary limitations.

       Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter
           (W) A warning peculiar to VMS.  A logical name was
           encountered when preparing to iterate over %ENV which
           violates the syntactic rules governing logical names.
           Because it cannot be translated normally, it is



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           skipped, and will not appear in %ENV.  This may be a
           benign occurrence, as some software packages might
           directly modify logical name tables and introduce
           nonstandard names, or it may indicate that a logical
           name table has been corrupted.

       Illegal character %s (carriage return)
           (F) A carriage return character was found in the
           input.  This is an error, and not a warning, because
           carriage return characters can break multi-line
           strings, including here documents (e.g., print
           <<EOF;).

           Under Unix, this error is usually caused by executing
           Perl code -- either the main program, a module, or an
           eval'd string -- that was transferred over a network
           connection from a non-Unix system without properly
           converting the text file format.

           Under systems that use something other than '\n' to
           delimit lines of text, this error can also be caused
           by reading Perl code from a file handle that is in
           binary mode (as set by the binmode operator).

           In either case, the Perl code in question will
           probably need to be converted with something like
           s/\x0D\x0A?/\n/g before it can be executed.

       Illegal division by zero
           (F) You tried to divide a number by 0.  Either
           something was wrong in your logic, or you need to put
           a conditional in to guard against meaningless input.

       Illegal modulus zero
           (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the
           remainder.  Most numbers don't take to this kindly.

       Illegal octal digit
           (F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.

       Illegal octal digit ignored
           (W) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal
           number.  Interpretation of the octal number stopped
           before the 8 or 9.

       Illegal hex digit ignored
           (W) You may have tried to use a character other than 0
           - 9 or A - F in a hexadecimal number.  Interpretation
           of the hexadecimal number stopped before the illegal
           character.

       Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
           (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used
           to set the following switches: -[DIMUdmw].



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       In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s
           (F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether
           you wanted an array interpolated or a literal @.  It
           did this when the string was first used at runtime.
           Now strings are parsed at compile time, and ambiguous
           instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by
           prepending a backslash to indicate a literal, or by
           declaring (or using) the array within the program
           before the string (lexically).  (Someday it will
           simply assume that an unbackslashed @ interpolates an
           array.)

       Insecure dependency in %s
           (F) You tried to do something that the tainting
           mechanism didn't like.  The tainting mechanism is
           turned on when you're running setuid or setgid, or
           when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.  The
           tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived
           directly or indirectly from the user, who is
           considered to be unworthy of your trust.  If any such
           data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this
           error.  See the perlsec manpage for more information.

       Insecure directory in %s
           (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in
           a setuid or setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a
           directory that is writable by the world.  See the
           perlsec manpage.

       Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
           (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in
           a setuid or setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH},
           $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH}, $ENV{ENV} or $ENV{BASH_ENV}
           are derived from data supplied (or potentially
           supplied) by the user.  The script must set the path
           to a known value, using trustworthy data.  See the
           perlsec manpage.

       Integer overflow in hex number
           (S) The literal hex number you have specified is too
           big for your architecture. On a 32-bit architecture
           the largest hex literal is 0xFFFFFFFF.

       Integer overflow in octal number
           (S) The literal octal number you have specified is too
           big for your architecture. On a 32-bit architecture
           the largest octal literal is 037777777777.

       Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
           (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl keeps track of
           the number of times you've called fork and exec, to
           determine whether the current call to exec should
           affect the current script or a subprocess (see the
           section on exec LIST in the perlvms manpage).



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           Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so Perl is
           making a guess and treating this exec as a request to
           terminate the Perl script and execute the specified
           command.

       internal disaster in regexp
           (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular
           expression parser.

       glob failed (%s)
           (W) Something went wrong with the external program(s)
           used for glob and <*.c>.  Usually, this means that you
           supplied a glob pattern that caused the external
           program to fail and exit with a nonzero status.  If
           the message indicates that the abnormal exit resulted
           in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C
           shell) is broken.  If so, you should change all of the
           csh-related variables in config.sh:  If you have tcsh,
           make the variables refer to it as if it were csh (e.g.
           full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'); otherwise, make them all
           empty (except that d_csh should be 'undef') so that
           Perl will think csh is missing.  In either case, after
           editing config.sh, run ./Configure -S and rebuild
           Perl.

       internal urp in regexp at /%s/
           (P) Something went badly awry in the regular
           expression parser.

       invalid [] range in regexp
           (F) The range specified in a character class had a
           minimum character greater than the maximum character.
           See the perlre manpage.

       Invalid conversion in %s: """"%s""""
           (W) Perl does not understand the given format
           conversion.  See the sprintf entry in the perlfunc
           manpage.

       Invalid type in pack: '%s'
           (F) The given character is not a valid pack type.  See
           the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.  (W) The given
           character is not a valid pack type but used to be
           silently ignored.

       Invalid type in unpack: '%s'
           (F) The given character is not a valid unpack type.
           See the unpack entry in the perlfunc manpage.  (W) The
           given character is not a valid unpack type but used to
           be silently ignored.

       ioctl is not implemented
           (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(),
           which is pretty strange for a machine that supports C.



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       junk on end of regexp
           (P) The regular expression parser is confused.

       Label not found for """"last %s""""
           (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not
           currently in a loop of that name, not even if you
           count where you were called from.  See the last entry
           in the perlfunc manpage.

       Label not found for """"next %s""""
           (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not
           currently in a loop of that name, not even if you
           count where you were called from.  See the last entry
           in the perlfunc manpage.

       Label not found for """"redo %s""""
           (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not
           currently in a loop of that name, not even if you
           count where you were called from.  See the last entry
           in the perlfunc manpage.

       listen() on closed fd
           (W) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket.  Did
           you forget to check the return value of your socket()
           call?  See the listen entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Method for operation %s not found in package %s during
           blessing
           (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an
           overloading table that doesn't resolve to a valid
           subroutine.  See the overload manpage.

       Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line
           %d
           (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may
           have been caused by a missing delimiter on a string or
           pattern, because it eventually ended earlier on the
           current line.

       Misplaced _ in number
           (W) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a
           3-digit boundary.

       Missing $ on loop variable
           (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too
           much.  Variables are always mentioned with the $ in
           Perl, unlike in the shells, where it can vary from one
           line to the next.

       Missing comma after first argument to %s function
           (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a
           filehandle or an "indirect object" before the argument
           list, this ain't one of them.




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       Missing operator before %s?
           (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with
           the message "%s found where operator expected".  Often
           the missing operator is a comma.

       Missing right bracket
           (F) The lexer counted more opening curly brackets
           (braces) than closing ones.  As a general rule, you'll
           find it's missing near the place you were last
           editing.

       Modification of a read-only value attempted
           (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the
           value of a constant.  You didn't, of course, try "2 =
           1", because the compiler catches that.  But an easy
           way to do the same thing is:

               sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
               mod(2);

           Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the
           end of the string.

       Modification of non-creatable array value attempted,
           subscript %d
           (F) You tried to make an array value spring into
           existence, and the subscript was probably negative,
           even counting from end of the array backwards.

       Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted,
           subscript """"%s""""
           (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into
           existence, and it couldn't be created for some
           peculiar reason.

       Module name must be constant
           (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first
           argument to a "use".

       msg%s not implemented
           (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your
           system.

       Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
           (W) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like
           $foo[1,2,3].  They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as
           in C.

       Name """"%s::%s"""" used only once: possible typo
           (W) Typographical errors often show up as unique
           variable names.  If you had a good reason for having a
           unique name, then just mention it again somehow to
           suppress the message.  The use vars pragma is provided
           for just this purpose.



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       Negative length
           (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation
           with a buffer length that is less than 0.  This is
           difficult to imagine.

       nested *?+ in regexp
           (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without
           intervening parentheses.  So things like ** or +* or
           ?* are illegal.

           Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers,
           *?, +?, and ?? appear to be nested quantifiers, but
           aren't.  See the perlre manpage.

       No #! line
           (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a
           well-formed #! line even on machines that don't
           support the #! construct.

       No %s allowed while running setuid
           (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure
           for a setuid or setgid script to even be allowed to
           attempt.  Generally speaking there will be another way
           to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
           securable.  See the perlsec manpage.

       No -e allowed in setuid scripts
           (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.

       No comma allowed after %s
           (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect
           object" is not allowed to have a comma between that
           and the following arguments.  Otherwise it'd be just
           another one of the arguments.

           One possible cause for this is that you expected to
           have imported a constant to your name space with use
           or import while no such importing took place, it may
           for example be that your operating system does not
           support that particular constant. Hopefully you did
           use an explicit import list for the constants you
           expect to see, please see the use entry in the
           perlfunc manpage and the import entry in the perlfunc
           manpage. While an explicit import list would probably
           have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
           remedy the fact that your operating system still does
           not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo in
           the constants of the symbol import list of use or
           import or in the constant name at the line where this
           error was triggered?

       No command into which to pipe on command line
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
           command line redirection, and found a '|' at the end



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           of the command line, so it doesn't know where you want
           to pipe the output from this command.

       No DB::DB routine defined
           (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the
           -d switch, but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or
           some facsimile thereof) didn't define a routine to be
           called at the beginning of each statement.  Which is
           odd, because the file should have been required
           automatically, and should have blown up the require if
           it didn't parse right.

       No dbm on this machine
           (P) This is counted as an internal error, because
           every machine should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl
           comes with SDBM.  See the SDBM_File manpage.

       No DBsub routine
           (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the
           -d switch, but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or
           some facsimile thereof) didn't define a DB::sub
           routine to be called at the beginning of each ordinary
           subroutine call.

       No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
           command line redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>'
           on the command line, but can't find the name of the
           file to which to write data destined for stderr.

       No input file after < on command line
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
           command line redirection, and found a '<' on the
           command line, but can't find the name of the file from
           which to read data for stdin.

       No output file after > on command line
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
           command line redirection, and found a lone '>' at the
           end of the command line, so it doesn't know where you
           wanted to redirect stdout.

       No output file after > or >> on command line
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
           command line redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on
           the command line, but can't find the name of the file
           to which to write data destined for stdout.

       No Perl script found in input
           (F) You called perl -x, but no line was found in the
           file beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".

       No setregid available
           (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the



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           setregid() call for your system.

       No setreuid available
           (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the
           setreuid() call for your system.

       No space allowed after -I
           (F) The argument to -I must follow the -I immediately
           with no intervening space.

       No such array field
           (F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the
           field name used is not defined.  The hash at index 0
           should map all valid field names to array indices for
           that to work.

       No such field """"%s"""" in variable %s of type %s
           (F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable
           where the type does not know about the field name.
           The field names are looked up in the %FIELDS hash in
           the type package at compile time.  The %FIELDS hash is
           usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.

       No such pipe open
           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  The internal routine
           my_pclose() tried to close a pipe which hadn't been
           opened.  This should have been caught earlier as an
           attempt to close an unopened filehandle.

       No such signal: SIG%s
           (W) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG
           that was not recognized.  Say kill -l in your shell to
           see the valid signal names on your system.

       Not a CODE reference
           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code
           value (that is, a subroutine), but found a reference
           to something else instead.  You can use the ref()
           function to find out what kind of ref it really was.
           See also the perlref manpage.

       Not a format reference
           (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a
           reference to an anonymous format, but this indicates
           you did, and that it didn't exist.

       Not a GLOB reference
           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a
           "typeglob" (that is, a symbol table entry that looks
           like *foo), but found a reference to something else
           instead.  You can use the ref() function to find out
           what kind of ref it really was.  See the perlref
           manpage.




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       Not a HASH reference
           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash
           value, but found a reference to something else
           instead.  You can use the ref() function to find out
           what kind of ref it really was.  See the perlref
           manpage.

       Not a perl script
           (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a
           well-formed #! line even on machines that don't
           support the #! construct.  The line must mention perl.

       Not a SCALAR reference
           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a
           scalar value, but found a reference to something else
           instead.  You can use the ref() function to find out
           what kind of ref it really was.  See the perlref
           manpage.

       Not a subroutine reference
           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code
           value (that is, a subroutine), but found a reference
           to something else instead.  You can use the ref()
           function to find out what kind of ref it really was.
           See also the perlref manpage.

       Not a subroutine reference in overload table
           (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an
           overloading table that doesn't somehow point to a
           valid subroutine.  See the overload manpage.

       Not an ARRAY reference
           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an
           array value, but found a reference to something else
           instead.  You can use the ref() function to find out
           what kind of ref it really was.  See the perlref
           manpage.

       Not enough arguments for %s
           (F) The function requires more arguments than you
           specified.

       Not enough format arguments
           (W) A format specified more picture fields than the
           next line supplied.  See the perlform manpage.

       Null filename used
           (F) You can't require the null filename, especially
           because on many machines that means the current
           directory!  See the require entry in the perlfunc
           manpage.

       Null picture in formline
           (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid



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           format picture specification.  It was found to be
           empty, which probably means you supplied it an
           uninitialized value.  See the perlform manpage.

       NULL OP IN RUN
           (P) Some internal routine called run() with a null
           opcode pointer.

       Null realloc
           (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.

       NULL regexp argument
           (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big
           time.

       NULL regexp parameter
           (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of
           their gourd.

       Number too long
           (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers
           in programs to about about 250 characters.  You've
           exceeded that length.  Future versions of Perl are
           likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.  In the
           meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6"
           instead of "1_000_000").

       Odd number of elements in hash assignment
           (S) You specified an odd number of elements to
           initialize a hash, which is odd, because hashes come
           in key/value pairs.

       Offset outside string
           (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation
           with an offset pointing outside the buffer.  This is
           difficult to imagine.  The sole exception to this is
           that sysread()ing past the buffer will extend the
           buffer and zero pad the new area.

       oops: oopsAV
           (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed
           up.

       oops: oopsHV
           (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed
           up.

       Operation `%s': no method found, %s
           (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded
           operation for which no handler was defined.  While
           some handlers can be autogenerated in terms of other
           handlers, there is no default handler for any
           operation, unless fallback overloading key is
           specified to be true.  See the overload manpage.



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       Operator or semicolon missing before %s
           (S) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
           parser was expecting an operator.  The parser has
           assumed you really meant to use an operator, but this
           is highly likely to be incorrect.  For example, if you
           say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
           "*foo * 'foo'".

       Out of memory for yacc stack
           (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it
           could continue parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it
           more memory, virtual or otherwise.

       Out of memory during request for %s
           (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating
           there was insufficient remaining memory (or virtual
           memory) to satisfy the request.

           The request was judged to be small, so the possibility
           to trap it depends on the way perl was compiled.  By
           default it is not trappable.  However, if compiled for
           this, Perl may use the contents of $^M as an emergency
           pool after die()ing with this message.  In this case
           the error is trappable once.

       Out of memory during """"large"""" request for %s
           (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there
           was insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory)
           to satisfy the request. However, the request was
           judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so
           a possibility to shut down by trapping this error is
           granted.

       Out of memory during ridiculously large request
           (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount"
           bytes.  This error is most likely to be caused by a
           typo in the Perl program. e.g., $arr[time] instead of
           $arr[$time].

       page overflow
           (W) A single call to write() produced more lines than
           can fit on a page.  See the perlform manpage.

       panic: ck_grep
           (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to
           compile a grep.

       panic: ck_split
           (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to
           compile a split.

       panic: corrupt saved stack index
           (P) The savestack was requested to restore more
           localized values than there are in the savestack.



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       panic: die %s
           (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context,
           and then discovered it wasn't an eval context.

       panic: do_match
           (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with
           invalid operational data.

       panic: do_split
           (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for
           the split.

       panic: do_subst
           (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with
           invalid operational data.

       panic: do_trans
           (P) The internal do_trans() routine was called with
           invalid operational data.

       panic: frexp
           (P) The library function frexp() failed, making
           printf("%f") impossible.

       panic: goto
           (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the
           specified label, and then discovered it wasn't a
           context we know how to do a goto in.

       panic: INTERPCASEMOD
           (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.

       panic: INTERPCONCAT
           (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string
           with brackets.

       panic: last
           (P) We popped the context stack to a block context,
           and then discovered it wasn't a block context.

       panic: leave_scope clearsv
           (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only
           somehow within the scope.

       panic: leave_scope inconsistency
           (P) The savestack probably got out of sync.  At least,
           there was an invalid enum on the top of it.

       panic: malloc
           (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of
           malloc.

       panic: mapstart
           (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the



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           map() function.

       panic: null array
           (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a
           null AV pointer.

       panic: pad_alloc
           (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad
           it was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
           from.

       panic: pad_free curpad
           (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad
           it was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
           from.

       panic: pad_free po
           (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
           internally.

       panic: pad_reset curpad
           (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad
           it was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
           from.

       panic: pad_sv po
           (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
           internally.

       panic: pad_swipe curpad
           (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad
           it was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
           from.

       panic: pad_swipe po
           (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
           internally.

       panic: pp_iter
           (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop
           context frame.

       panic: realloc
           (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of
           realloc.

       panic: restartop
           (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or
           something like it), and didn't supply the destination.

       panic: return
           (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or
           eval context, and then discovered it wasn't a
           subroutine or eval context.



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       panic: scan_num
           (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a
           number.

       panic: sv_insert
           (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more
           string than there was string.

       panic: top_env
           (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something
           weird like that.

       panic: yylex
           (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a
           case modifier.

       Parentheses missing around """"%s"""" list
           (W) You said something like

               my $foo, $bar = @_;

           when you meant

               my ($foo, $bar) = @_;

           Remember that "my" and "local" bind closer than comma.

       Perl %3.3f required--this is only version %s, stopped
           (F) The module in question uses features of a version
           of Perl more recent than the currently running
           version.  How long has it been since you upgraded,
           anyway?  See the require entry in the perlfunc
           manpage.

       Permission denied
           (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were
           up to no good.

       pid %d not a child
           (W) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Waitpid() was asked to
           wait for a process which isn't a subprocess of the
           current process.  While this is fine from VMS'
           perspective, it's probably not what you intended.

       POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
           (F) Your C compiler uses POSIX getpgrp(), which takes
           no argument, unlike the BSD version, which takes a
           pid.

       Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
           (W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace;
           as with literal strings, comment characters are not
           ignored, but are instead treated as literal data.
           (You may have used different delimiters than the



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           parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently
           used.)

           You probably wrote something like this:

               @list = qw(
                   a # a comment
                   b # another comment
               );

           when you should have written this:

               @list = qw(
                   a
                   b
               );

           If you really want comments, build your list the old-
           fashioned way, with quotes and commas:

               @list = (
                   'a',    # a comment
                   'b',    # another comment
               );


       Possible attempt to separate words with commas
           (W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace;
           therefore commas aren't needed to separate the items.
           (You may have used different delimiters than the
           parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently
           used.)

           You probably wrote something like this:

               qw! a, b, c !;

           which puts literal commas into some of the list items.
           Write it without commas if you don't want them to
           appear in your data:

               qw! a b c !;


       Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
           (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was
           bargaining for.  Perl guesses a reasonable buffer
           size, but puts a sentinel byte at the end of the
           buffer just in case.  This sentinel byte got
           clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now
           corrupted.  See the ioctl entry in the perlfunc
           manpage.





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       Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
           (S) The old irregular construct

               open FOO || die;

           is now misinterpreted as

               open(FOO || die);

           because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's
           grammar into unary and list operators.  (The old open
           was a little of both.)  You must put parentheses
           around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
           instead of "||".

       print on closed filehandle %s
           (W) The filehandle you're printing on got itself
           closed sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

       printf on closed filehandle %s
           (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
           sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

       Probable precedence problem on %s
           (W) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
           conditional, which often indicates that an || or &&
           was parsed as part of the last argument of the
           previous construct, for example:

               open FOO || die;


       Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
           (S) The subroutine being declared or defined had
           previously been declared or defined with a different
           function prototype.

       Range iterator outside integer range
           (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the
           range operator ".."  are outside the range which can
           be represented by integers internally.  One possible
           workaround is to force Perl to use magical string
           increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.

       Read on closed filehandle <%s>
           (W) The filehandle you're reading from got itself
           closed sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

       Reallocation too large: %lx
           (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS
           machine.

       Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
           (F) You can't use the -D option unless the code to



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           produce the desired output is compiled into Perl,
           which entails some overhead, which is why it's
           currently left out of your copy.

       Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
           (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used.
           Probably indicates an unintended loop in your
           inheritance hierarchy.

       Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method
           '%s' in package '%s'
           (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were
           encountered while invoking a method.  Probably
           indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance
           hierarchy.

       Reference found where even-sized list expected
           (W) You gave a single reference where Perl was
           expecting a list with an even number of elements (for
           assignment to a hash). This usually means that you
           used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use
           parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.

               %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, };    # WRONG
               %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ];    # WRONG
               %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, );    # right
               %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 );                  # also fine


       Reference miscount in sv_replace()
           (W) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a
           new SV with a reference count of other than 1.

       regexp *+ operand could be empty
           (F) The part of the regexp subject to either the * or
           + quantifier could match an empty string.

       regexp memory corruption
           (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what
           the regular expression compiler gave it.

       regexp out of space
           (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc()
           should have caught it earlier.

       regexp too big
           (F) The current implementation of regular expressions
           uses shorts as address offsets within a string.
           Unfortunately this means that if the regular
           expression compiles to longer than 32767, it'll blow
           up.  Usually when you want a regular expression this
           big, there is a better way to do it with multiple
           statements.  See the perlre manpage.




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       Reversed %s= operator
           (W) You wrote your assignment operator backwards.  The
           = must always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with
           subsequent unary operators.

       Runaway format
           (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank
           sequence, but it produced 200 lines at once, and the
           200th line looked exactly like the 199th line.
           Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to
           exhaust themselves, either by using ^ instead of @
           (for scalar variables), or by shifting or popping (for
           array variables).  See the perlform manpage.

       Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
           (W) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to
           select a single element of an array.  Generally it's
           better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
           The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like
           a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
           evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like
           a list when you assign to it, and provides a list
           context to its subscript, which can do weird things if
           you're expecting only one subscript.

           On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to
           treat the array element as a list, you need to look
           into how references work, because Perl will not
           magically convert between scalars and lists for you.
           See the perlref manpage.

       Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
           (W) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to
           select a single element of a hash.  Generally it's
           better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
           The difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves like
           a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
           evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like
           a list when you assign to it, and provides a list
           context to its subscript, which can do weird things if
           you're expecting only one subscript.

           On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to
           treat the hash element as a list, you need to look
           into how references work, because Perl will not
           magically convert between scalars and lists for you.
           See the perlref manpage.

       Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
           (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a
           script without a setuid or setgid bit set.  This
           doesn't make much sense.





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       Search pattern not terminated
           (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a
           // or m{} construct.  Remember that bracketing
           delimiters count nesting level.  Missing the leading $
           from a variable $m may cause this error.

       %sseek() on unopened file
           (W) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function
           on a filehandle that was either never opened or has
           since been closed.

       select not implemented
           (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system
           call.

       sem%s not implemented
           (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your
           system.

       semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
           (S) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to
           duplicate a scalar that had previously been marked as
           free.

       Semicolon seems to be missing
           (W) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
           missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing
           operator, such as a comma.

       Send on closed socket
           (W) The filehandle you're sending to got itself closed
           sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

       Sequence (? incomplete
           (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete
           extension (?.  See the perlre manpage.

       Sequence (?#... not terminated
           (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by
           a closing parenthesis.  Embedded parentheses aren't
           allowed.  See the perlre manpage.

       Sequence (?%s...) not implemented
           (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the
           character reserved but has not yet been written.  See
           the perlre manpage.

       Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
           (F) You used a regular expression extension that
           doesn't make sense.  See the perlre manpage.

       Server error
           Also known as "500 Server error".




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           This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.

           You need to make sure your script is executable, is
           accessible by the user CGI is running the script under
           (which is probably not the user account you tested it
           under), does not rely on any environment variables
           (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
           isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find
           it, basically, more or less.  Please see the following
           for more information:

                   http://www.perl.com/CPAN/doc/FAQs/cgi/idiots-guide.html
                   http://www.perl.com/CPAN/doc/FAQs/cgi/perl-cgi-faq.html
                   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/www/cgi-faq
                   http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html
                   http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/WWW/faqs/www-security-faq.html

           You should also look at the perlfaq9 manpage.

       setegid() not implemented
           (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating
           system doesn't support the setegid() system call (or
           equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.

       seteuid() not implemented
           (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating
           system doesn't support the seteuid() system call (or
           equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.

       setrgid() not implemented
           (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating
           system doesn't support the setrgid() system call (or
           equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.

       setruid() not implemented
           (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating
           system doesn't support the setruid() system call (or
           equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.

       Setuid/gid script is writable by world
           (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is
           writable by the world, because the world might have
           written on it already.

       shm%s not implemented
           (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your
           system.

       shutdown() on closed fd
           (W) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket.
           Seems a bit superfluous.

       SIG%s handler """"%s"""" not defined
           (W) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,



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           exist.  Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?

       sort is now a reserved word
           (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever
           runs into anymore.  But before sort was a keyword,
           people sometimes used it as a filehandle.

       Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
           (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number.
           You probably blew it by not using <=> or cmp, or by
           not using them correctly.  See the sort entry in the
           perlfunc manpage.

       Sort subroutine didn't return single value
           (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list
           value with more or less than one element.  See the
           sort entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Split loop
           (P) The split was looping infinitely.  (Obviously, a
           split shouldn't iterate more times than there are
           characters of input, which is what happened.)  See the
           split entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Stat on unopened file <%s>
           (W) You tried to use the stat() function (or an
           equivalent file test) on a filehandle that was either
           never opened or has since been closed.

       Statement unlikely to be reached
           (W) You did an exec() with some statement after it
           other than a die().  This is almost always an error,
           because exec() never returns unless there was a
           failure.  You probably wanted to use system() instead,
           which does return.  To suppress this warning, put the
           exec() in a block by itself.

       Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression
           (W) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a
           place where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width
           assertion.  Try putting the quantifier inside the
           assertion instead.  For example, the way to match
           "abc" provided that it is followed by three
           repetitions of "xyz" is /abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/, not
           /abc(?=xyz){3}/.

       Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in
           package `%s'
           (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be
           broken by importation stubs.  Stubs should never be
           implicitely created, but explicit calls to can may
           break this.





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       Subroutine %s redefined
           (W) You redefined a subroutine.  To suppress this
           warning, say

               {
                   local $^W = 0;
                   eval "sub name { ... }";
               }


       Substitution loop
           (P) The substitution was looping infinitely.
           (Obviously, a substitution shouldn't iterate more
           times than there are characters of input, which is
           what happened.)  See the discussion of substitution in
           the section on Quote and Quote-like Operators in the
           perlop manpage.

       Substitution pattern not terminated
           (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of
           a s/// or s{}{} construct.  Remember that bracketing
           delimiters count nesting level.  Missing the leading $
           from variable $s may cause this error.

       Substitution replacement not terminated
           (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a
           s/// or s{}{} construct.  Remember that bracketing
           delimiters count nesting level.  Missing the leading $
           from variable $s may cause this error.

       substr outside of string
           (S),(W) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
           outside of a string.  That is, the absolute value of
           the offset was larger than the length of the string.
           See the substr entry in the perlfunc manpage.  This
           warning is mandatory if substr is used in an lvalue
           context (as the left hand side of an assignment or as
           a subroutine argument for example).

       suidperl is no longer needed since %s
           (F) Your Perl was compiled with
           -DSETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but a version of the
           setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.

       syntax error
           (F) Probably means you had a syntax error.  Common
           reasons include:

               A keyword is misspelled.
               A semicolon is missing.
               A comma is missing.
               An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
               An opening or closing brace is missing.
               A closing quote is missing.



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           Often there will be another error message associated
           with the syntax error giving more information.
           (Sometimes it helps to turn on -w.)  The error message
           itself often tells you where it was in the line when
           it decided to give up.  Sometimes the actual error is
           several tokens before this, because Perl is good at
           understanding random input.  Occasionally the line
           number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon the
           only way to figure out what's triggering the error is
           to call perl -c repeatedly, chopping away half the
           program each time to see if the error went away.  Sort
           of the cybernetic version of 20 questions.

       syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
           (A) You've accidentally run your script through the
           Bourne shell instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or
           manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

       System V %s is not implemented on this machine
           (F) You tried to do something with a function
           beginning with "sem", "shm", or "msg" but that System
           V IPC is not implemented in your machine.  In some
           machines the functionality can exist but be
           unconfigured.  Consult your system support.

       Syswrite on closed filehandle
           (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
           sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

       Target of goto is too deeply nested
           (F) You tried to use goto to reach a label that was
           too deeply nested for Perl to reach.  Perl is doing
           you a favor by refusing.

       tell() on unopened file
           (W) You tried to use the tell() function on a
           filehandle that was either never opened or has since
           been closed.

       Test on unopened file <%s>
           (W) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
           filehandle that isn't open.  Check your logic.  See
           also the section on -X in the perlfunc manpage.

       That use of $[ is unsupported
           (F) Assignment to $[ is now strictly circumscribed,
           and interpreted as a compiler directive.  You may say
           only one of









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               $[ = 0;
               $[ = 1;
               ...
               local $[ = 0;
               local $[ = 1;
               ...

           This is to prevent the problem of one module changing
           the array base out from under another module
           inadvertently.  See the section on $[ in the perlvar
           manpage.

       The %s function is unimplemented
           The function indicated isn't implemented on this
           architecture, according to the probings of Configure.

       The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive
           paranoia
           (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on
           your machine, probably because your vendor didn't
           supply it, probably because they think the U.S.
           Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
           will continue to pretend that it is.  And if you quote
           me on that, I will deny it.

       The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat
           (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer
           for symbolic linkhood if the last stat that wrote to
           the stat buffer already went past the symlink to get
           to the real file.  Use an actual filename instead.

       times not implemented
           (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't
           do times().  I suspect you're not running on Unix.

       Too few args to syscall
           (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall()
           to specify the system call to call, silly dilly.

       Too late for """"-T"""" option
           (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script
           contains the -T option, but Perl was not invoked with
           -T in its command line.  This is an error because, by
           the time Perl discovers a -T in a script, it's too
           late to properly taint everything from the
           environment.  So Perl gives up.

           If the Perl script is being executed as a command
           using the #!  mechanism (or its local equivalent),
           this error can usually be fixed by editing the #! line
           so that the -T option is a part of Perl's first
           argument: e.g. change perl -n -T to perl -T -n.

           If the Perl script is being executed as perl



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           scriptname, then the -T option must appear on the
           command line: perl -T scriptname.

       Too late for """"-%s"""" option
           (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script
           contains the -M or -m option.  This is an error
           because -M and -m options are not intended for use
           inside scripts.  Use the use pragma instead.

       Too many ('s

       Too many )'s
           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
           instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
           your script into Perl yourself.

       Too many args to syscall
           (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to
           syscall().

       Too many arguments for %s
           (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you
           specified.

       trailing \ in regexp
           (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed
           backslash.  Backslash it.   See the perlre manpage.

       Transliteration pattern not terminated
           (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of
           a tr/// or tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct.  Missing
           the leading $ from variables $tr or $y may cause this
           error.

       Transliteration replacement not terminated
           (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a
           tr/// or tr[][] construct.

       truncate not implemented
           (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation
           mechanism that Configure knows about.

       Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
           (F) This function requires the argument in that
           position to be of a certain type.  Arrays must be
           @NAME or @{EXPR}.  Hashes must be %NAME or %{EXPR}.
           No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the {EXPR}
           forms as an explicit dereference.  See the perlref
           manpage.

       umask: argument is missing initial 0
           (W) A umask of 222 is incorrect.  It should be 0222,
           because octal literals always start with 0 in Perl, as
           in C.



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       umask not implemented
           (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function
           and you tried to use it to restrict permissions for
           yourself (EXPR & 0700).

       Unable to create sub named """"%s""""
           (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine
           with an illegal name.

       Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
           (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency
           in how many execution contexts were entered and left.

       Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
           (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency
           in how many values were temporarily localized.

       Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
           (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency
           in how many blocks were entered and left.

       Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
           (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency
           in how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.

       Undefined format """"%s"""" called
           (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist.
           Perhaps it's really in another package?  See the
           perlform manpage.

       Undefined sort subroutine """"%s"""" called
           (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem
           to exist.  Perhaps it's in a different package?  See
           the sort entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Undefined subroutine &%s called
           (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or
           if it was, it has since been undefined.

       Undefined subroutine called
           (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call
           hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has since been
           undefined.

       Undefined subroutine in sort
           (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared
           but doesn't seem to have been defined yet.  See the
           sort entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Undefined top format """"%s"""" called
           (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist.
           Perhaps it's really in another package?  See the
           perlform manpage.




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       Undefined value assigned to typeglob
           (W) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a
           la *foo = undef.  This does nothing.  It's possible
           that you really mean undef *foo.

       unexec of %s into %s failed!
           (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason.  See
           your local FSF representative, who probably put it
           there in the first place.

       Unknown BYTEORDER
           (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine
           with this byte order.

       unmatched () in regexp
           (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced
           in regular expressions.  If you're a vi user, the %
           key is valuable for finding the matching parenthesis.
           See the perlre manpage.

       Unmatched right bracket
           (F) The lexer counted more closing curly brackets
           (braces) than opening ones, so you're probably missing
           an opening bracket.  As a general rule, you'll find
           the missing one (so to speak) near the place you were
           last editing.

       unmatched [] in regexp
           (F) The brackets around a character class must match.
           If you wish to include a closing bracket in a
           character class, backslash it or put it first.  See
           the perlre manpage.

       Unquoted string """"%s"""" may clash with future reserved
           word
           (W) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed
           as a reserved word.  It's best to put such a word in
           quotes, or capitalize it somehow, or insert an
           underbar into it.  You might also declare it as a
           subroutine.

       Unrecognized character %s
           (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the
           specified character in your Perl script (or eval).
           Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary
           program, or a directory as a Perl program.

       Unrecognized signal name """"%s""""
           (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function
           that was not recognized.  Say kill -l in your shell to
           see the valid signal names on your system.

       Unrecognized switch: -%s  (-h will show valid options)
           (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl.  Don't do



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           that.  (If you think you didn't do that, check the #!
           line to see if it's supplying the bad switch on your
           behalf.)

       Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
           (W) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and
           that operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename
           contained a newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to
           chop() or chomp() it off.  See the chomp entry in the
           perlfunc manpage.

       Unsupported directory function """"%s"""" called
           (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and
           readdir().

       Unsupported function fork
           (F) Your version of executable does not support
           forking.

           Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be
           different flavors of Perl executables, some of which
           may support fork, some not. Try changing the name you
           call Perl by to perl_, perl__, and so on.

       Unsupported function %s
           (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated
           function, apparently.  At least, Configure doesn't
           think so.

       Unsupported socket function """"%s"""" called
           (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket
           mechanism, or at least that's what Configure thought.

       Unterminated <> operator
           (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place
           where it was expecting a term, so it's looking for the
           corresponding right angle bracket, and not finding it.
           Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
           earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
           than".

       Use of """"$$<digit>"""" to mean """"${$}<digit>"""" is
           deprecated
           (D) Perl versions before 5.004 misinterpreted any type
           marker followed by "$" and a digit.  For example,
           "$$0" was incorrectly taken to mean "${$}0" instead of
           "${$0}".  This bug is (mostly) fixed in Perl 5.004.

           However, the developers of Perl 5.004 could not fix
           this bug completely, because at least two widely-used
           modules depend on the old meaning of "$$0" in a
           string.  So Perl 5.004 still interprets "$$<digit>" in
           the old (broken) way inside strings; but it generates
           this message as a warning.  And in Perl 5.005, this



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           special treatment will cease.

       Use of $# is deprecated
           (D) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a
           poorly defined awk feature.  Use an explicit printf()
           or sprintf() instead.

       Use of $* is deprecated
           (D) This variable magically turned on multi-line
           pattern matching, both for you and for any luckless
           subroutine that you happen to call.  You should use
           the new //m and //s modifiers now to do that without
           the dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of $*.

       Use of %s in printf format not supported
           (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is
           accessible from only C.  This usually means there's a
           better way to do it in Perl.

       Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
           (D) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly
           quoted form if you wish to use an empty line as the
           terminator of the here-document.

       Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
           (D) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you
           clobber a subroutine's argument list, so it's better
           if you assign the results of a split() explicitly to
           an array (or list).

       Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is
           deprecated
           (D) As an (ahem) accidental feature, AUTOLOAD
           subroutines are looked up as methods (using the @ISA
           hierarchy) even when the subroutines to be autoloaded
           were called as plain functions (e.g. Foo::bar()), not
           as methods (e.g. Foo->bar() or $obj->bar()).

           This bug will be rectified in Perl 5.005, which will
           use method lookup only for methods' AUTOLOADs.
           However, there is a significant base of existing code
           that may be using the old behavior.  So, as an interim
           step, Perl 5.004 issues an optional warning when non-
           methods use inherited AUTOLOADs.

           The simple rule is:  Inheritance will not work when
           autoloading non-methods.  The simple fix for old code
           is:  In any module that used to depend on inheriting
           AUTOLOAD for non-methods from a base class named
           BaseClass, execute *AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD
           during startup.

           In code that currently says use AutoLoader; @ISA =
           qw(AutoLoader); you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA



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           and change use AutoLoader; to use AutoLoader
           'AUTOLOAD';.

       Use of reserved word """"%s"""" is deprecated
           (D) The indicated bareword is a reserved word.  Future
           versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're
           better off either explicitly quoting the word in a
           manner appropriate for its context of use, or using a
           different name altogether.  The warning can be
           suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a &
           prefix, or using a package qualifier, e.g. &our(), or
           Foo::our().

       Use of %s is deprecated
           (D) The construct indicated is no longer recommended
           for use, generally because there's a better way to do
           it, and also because the old way has bad side effects.

       Use of uninitialized value
           (W) An undefined value was used as if it were already
           defined.  It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe
           it was a mistake.  To suppress this warning assign an
           initial value to your variables.

       Useless use of """"re"""" pragma
           (W) You did use re; without any arguments.   That
           isn't very useful.

       Useless use of %s in void context
           (W) You did something without a side effect in a
           context that does nothing with the return value, such
           as a statement that doesn't return a value from a
           block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator.
           Very often this points not to stupidity on your part,
           but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way
           you thought it would.  For example, you'd get this if
           you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence
           and said

               $one, $two = 1, 2;

           when you meant to say

               ($one, $two) = (1, 2);

           Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to
           construct a list reference when you should be using
           square or curly brackets, for example, if you say

               $array = (1,2);

           when you should have said

               $array = [1,2];



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           The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into
           a scalar value, while parentheses do not.  So when a
           parenthesized list is evaluated in a scalar context,
           the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
           throws away the left argument, which is not what you
           want.  See the perlref manpage for more on this.

       untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
           (W) A copy of the object returned from tie (or tied)
           was still valid when untie was called.

       Value of %s can be """"0""""; test with defined()
           (W) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>,
           <*> (glob), each(), or readdir() as a boolean value.
           Each of these constructs can return a value of "0";
           that would make the conditional expression false,
           which is probably not what you intended.  When using
           these constructs in conditional expressions, test
           their values with the defined operator.

       Variable """"%s"""" is not imported%s
           (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a
           global variable that you apparently thought was
           imported from another module, because something else
           of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
           that module.  It usually means you put the wrong funny
           character on the front of your variable.

       Variable """"%s"""" may be unavailable
           (W) An inner (nested) anonymous subroutine is inside a
           named subroutine, and outside that is another
           subroutine; and the anonymous (innermost) subroutine
           is referencing a lexical variable defined in the
           outermost subroutine.  For example:

              sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }

           If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced
           (directly or indirectly) from the outermost
           subroutine, it will share the variable as you would
           expect.  But if the anonymous subroutine is called or
           referenced when the outermost subroutine is not
           active, it will see the value of the shared variable
           as it was before and during the *first* call to the
           outermost subroutine, which is probably not what you
           want.

           In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the
           middle subroutine anonymous, using the sub {} syntax.
           Perl has specific support for shared variables in
           nested anonymous subroutines; a named subroutine in
           between interferes with this feature.





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       Variable """"%s"""" will not stay shared
           (W) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing
           a lexical variable defined in an outer subroutine.

           When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably
           see the value of the outer subroutine's variable as it
           was before and during the *first* call to the outer
           subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
           outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
           subroutines will no longer share a common value for
           the variable.  In other words, the variable will no
           longer be shared.

           Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and
           references a lexical variable outside itself, then the
           outer and inner subroutines will never share the given
           variable.

           This problem can usually be solved by making the inner
           subroutine anonymous, using the sub {} syntax.  When
           inner anonymous subs that reference variables in outer
           subroutines are called or referenced, they are
           automatically rebound to the current values of such
           variables.

       Variable syntax
           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
           instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
           your script into Perl yourself.

       perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
           (S) The whole warning message will look something
           like:

                   perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
                   perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
                           LC_ALL = "En_US",
                           LANG = (unset)
                       are supported and installed on your system.
                   perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

           Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies.
           In the above the settings were that the LC_ALL was
           "En_US" and the LANG had no value.  This error means
           that Perl detected that you and/or your system
           administrator have set up the so-called variable
           system but Perl could not use those settings.  This
           was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default
           locale" called "C" that Perl can and will use, the
           script will be run.  Before you really fix the
           problem, however, you will get the same error message
           each time you run Perl.  How to really fix the problem
           can be found in the perllocale manpage section LOCALE
           PROBLEMS.



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       Warning: something's wrong
           (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent
           of warn "") or you called it with no args and $_ was
           empty.

       Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
           (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an
           error indication on the close().  This usually
           indicates your file system ran out of disk space.

       Warning: Use of """"%s"""" without parentheses is
           ambiguous
           (S) You wrote a unary operator followed by something
           that looks like a binary operator that could also have
           been interpreted as a term or unary operator.  For
           instance, if you know that the rand function has a
           default argument of 1.0, and you write

               rand + 5;

           you may THINK you wrote the same thing as

               rand() + 5;

           but in actual fact, you got

               rand(+5);

           So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.

       Write on closed filehandle
           (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
           sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

       X outside of string
           (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative
           position before the beginning of the string being
           unpacked.  See the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       x outside of string
           (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative
           position after the end of the string being unpacked.
           See the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Xsub """"%s"""" called in sort
           (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort
           comparison is not yet supported.

       Xsub called in sort
           (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort
           comparison is not yet supported.

       You can't use -l on a filehandle
           (F) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when



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           you opened the file it already went past any symlink
           you are presumably trying to look for.  Use a filename
           instead.

       YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
           (F) And you probably never will, because you probably
           don't have the sources to your kernel, and your vendor
           probably doesn't give a rip about what you want.  Your
           best bet is to use the wrapsuid script in the eg
           directory to put a setuid C wrapper around your
           script.

       You need to quote """"%s""""
           (W) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
           Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that
           name declared, which means that Perl 5 will try to
           call the subroutine when the assignment is executed,
           which is probably not what you want.  (If it IS what
           you want, put an & in front.)

       [gs]etsockopt() on closed fd
           (W) You tried to get or set a socket option on a
           closed socket.  Did you forget to check the return
           value of your socket() call?  See the getsockopt entry
           in the perlfunc manpage.

       \1 better written as $1
           (W) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
           variables.  The use of backslashes is grandfathered on
           the right-hand side of a substitution, but
           stylistically it's better to use the variable form
           because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it
           works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.

       '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own
           command line redirection, and found that STDIN was a
           pipe, and that you also tried to redirect STDIN using
           '<'.  Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.

       '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own
           command line redirection, and thinks you tried to
           redirect stdout both to a file and into a pipe to
           another command.  You need to choose one or the other,
           though nothing's stopping you from piping into a
           program or Perl script which 'splits' output into two
           streams, such as









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               open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
               while (<STDIN>) {
                   print;
                   print OUT;
               }
               close OUT;


       Got an error from DosAllocMem
           (P) An error peculiar to OS/2.  Most probably you're
           using an obsolete version of Perl, and this should not
           happen anyway.

       Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
           (F) An error peculiar to OS/2.  PERLLIB_PREFIX should
           be of the form

               prefix1;prefix2

           or

               prefix1 prefix2

           with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2.  If prefix1 is
           indeed a prefix of a builtin library search path,
           prefix2 is substituted.  The error may appear if
           components are not found, or are too long.  See
           "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in README.os2.

       PERL_SH_DIR too long
           (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the
           directory to find the sh-shell in.  See "PERL_SH_DIR"
           in README.os2.

       Process terminated by SIG%s
           (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2
           applications, while *nix applications die in silence.
           It is considered a feature of the OS/2 port.  One can
           easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
           the section on Signals in the perlipc manpage.  See
           also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in
           README.os2.















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