


PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


NAME
       perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

DESCRIPTION
       This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest
       of the Perl documentation set.  It is meant to be scanned
       quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section
       you're looking for.

BASIC DOCUMENTATION
       perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical
       scoping, Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity
       and reusability, Object-oriented programming, Embeddable
       and Extensible, POSIX compliant, Package constructors and
       destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM implementations,
       Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
       expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules,
       Compilability

       ENVIRONMENT

       AUTHOR

       FILES

       SEE ALSO

       DIAGNOSTICS

       BUGS

       NOTES

       perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date:
       1998/07/20 23:12:17 $)


       DESCRIPTION
       perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the perlfaq1
       manpage: General Questions About Perl, the perlfaq2
       manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, the perlfaq3
       manpage: Programming Tools, the perlfaq4 manpage: Data
       Manipulation, the perlfaq5 manpage: Files and Formats, the
       perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, the perlfaq7 manpage: General
       Perl Language Issues, the perlfaq8 manpage: System
       Interaction, the perlfaq9 manpage: Networking





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Where to get this document

       How to contribute to this document

       What will happen if you mail your Perl programming
            problems to the authors

       Credits

       Author and Copyright Information

       Bundled Distributions

       Disclaimer

       Changes
       24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97,
       17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97

       perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
       $Date: 1998/06/14 22:15:25 $)


       DESCRIPTION

       What is Perl?

       Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?

       Which version of Perl should I use?

       What are perl4 and perl5?

       How stable is Perl?

       Is Perl difficult to learn?

       How does Perl compare with other languages like Java,
            Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?

       Can I do [task] in Perl?

       When shouldn't I program in Perl?

       What's the difference between """"perl"""" and
            """"Perl""""?

       Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?

       What is a JAPH?

       Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?





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       How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use
            version (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other
            language)?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision:
       1.3 $, $Date: 1999/04/29 22:52:20 $)


       DESCRIPTION

       What machines support Perl?  Where do I get it?

       How can I get a binary version of Perl?

       I don't have a C compiler on my system.  How can I compile
            perl?

       I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but
            scripts don't work.

       I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but
            gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed.  How
            do I make it work?

       What modules and extensions are available for Perl?  What
            is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?

       Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?

       Where can I get information on Perl?

       What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET?  Where do I post
            questions?

       Where should I post source code?

       Perl Books
            References, Tutorials *Learning Perl [2nd edition] by
            Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen, Task-
            Oriented, Special Topics

       Perl in Magazines

       Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access

       What mailing lists are there for perl?
            MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats

       Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc

       Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?




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       Where do I send bug reports?

       What is perl.com?  perl.org?  The Perl Institute?

       How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date:
       1998/07/16 22:08:49 $)


       DESCRIPTION

       How do I do (anything)?

       How can I use Perl interactively?

       Is there a Perl shell?

       How do I debug my Perl programs?

       How do I profile my Perl programs?

       How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

       Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

       Is there a ctags for Perl?

       Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

       Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

       How can I use curses with Perl?

       How can I use X or Tk with Perl?

       How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?

       What is undump?

       How can I make my Perl program run faster?

       How can I make my Perl program take less memory?

       Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?

       How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?

       How can I make my CGI script more efficient?

       How can I hide the source for my Perl program?




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       How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

       How can I get #!perl to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?

       Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?

       Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?

       Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

       Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?

       Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs,
            xsubpp]

       I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed
            perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?

       When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What
            does it mean?

       What's MakeMaker?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date:
       1998/07/16 22:49:55 $)


       DESCRIPTION

       Data: Numbers

       Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999)
            instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg,
            19.95)?

       Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?

       Does perl have a round function?   What about ceil() and
            floor()? Trig functions?

       How do I convert bits into ints?

       How do I multiply matrices?

       How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?

       How can I output Roman numerals?

       Why aren't my random numbers random?

       Data: Dates




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       How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?

       How can I compare two dates and find the difference?

       How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?

       How can I find the Julian Day?

       Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K
            compliant?

       Data: Strings

       How do I validate input?

       How do I unescape a string?

       How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?

       How do I expand function calls in a string?

       How do I find matching/nesting anything?

       How do I reverse a string?

       How do I expand tabs in a string?

       How do I reformat a paragraph?

       How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?

       How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?

       How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring
            within a string?

       How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

       How can I split a [character] delimited string except when
            inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)

       How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a
            string?

       How do I extract selected columns from a string?

       How do I find the soundex value of a string?

       How can I expand variables in text strings?

       What's wrong with always quoting """"$vars""""?

       Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
            1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There



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            (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You
            can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag

       Data: Arrays

       What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?

       How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
            a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be
            sorted:(this assumes all true values in the array),
            b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
            (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way
            to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d),
            but @in contains only small positive integers:

       How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
            element?

       How do I compute the difference of two arrays?  How do I
            compute the intersection of two arrays?

       How do I find the first array element for which a
            condition is true?

       How do I handle linked lists?

       How do I handle circular lists?

       How do I shuffle an array randomly?

       How do I process/modify each element of an array?

       How do I select a random element from an array?

       How do I permute N elements of a list?

       How do I sort an array by (anything)?

       How do I manipulate arrays of bits?

       Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

       Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

       How do I process an entire hash?

       What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
            iterating over it?

       How do I look up a hash element by value?

       How can I know how many entries are in a hash?





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       How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?

       How can I always keep my hash sorted?

       What's the difference between """"delete"""" and
            """"undef"""" with hashes?

       Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists
            distinction?

       How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

       How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?

       How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?

       How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements
            into it?

       Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a
            hash create it?

       How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++
            class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?

       How can I use a reference as a hash key?

       Data: Misc

       How do I handle binary data correctly?

       How do I determine whether a scalar is a
            number/whole/integer/float?

       How do I keep persistent data across program calls?

       How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?

       How do I define methods for every class/object?

       How do I verify a credit card checksum?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date:
       1998/07/05 15:07:20 $)


       DESCRIPTION

       How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle?  Why must I
            do this?





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       How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a
            file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to
            the beginning of a file?

       How do I count the number of lines in a file?

       How do I make a temporary file name?

       How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?

       How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine?  How do
            I pass filehandles between subroutines?  How do I
            make an array of filehandles?

       How can I use a filehandle indirectly?

       How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?

       How can I write() into a string?

       How can I output my numbers with commas added?

       How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

       How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?

       Why do I sometimes get an """"Argument list too long""""
            when I use <*>?

       Is there a leak/bug in glob()?

       How can I open a file with a leading """">"""" or trailing
            blanks?

       How can I reliably rename a file?

       How can I lock a file?

       What can't I just open(FH, """">file.lock")?

       I still don't get locking.  I just want to increment the
            number in the file.  How can I do this?

       How do I randomly update a binary file?

       How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?

       How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?

       How do I print to more than one file at once?

       How can I read in a file by paragraphs?





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       How can I read a single character from a file?  From the
            keyboard?

       How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a
            filehandle?

       How do I do a tail -f in perl?

       How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?

       How do I close a file descriptor by number?

       Why can't I use """"C:\temp\foo"""" in DOS paths?  What
            doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?

       Why doesn't glob'*.*' get all the files?

       Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?  Why does -i
            clobber protected files?  Isn't this a bug in Perl?

       How do I select a random line from a file?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 1999/04/29
       22:52:20 $)


       DESCRIPTION

       How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating
            illegible and unmaintainable code?
            Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the
            Regexp, Different Delimiters

       I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
            What's wrong?

       How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
            themselves on different lines?

       I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work.
            What's wrong?

       How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but
            preserving case on the RHS?

       How can I make \w match national character sets?

       How can I match a locale-smart version of /[a-zA-Z]/?

       How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?





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       What is /o really for?

       How do I use a regular expression to strip C style
            comments from a file?

       Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?

       What does it mean that regexps are greedy?  How can I get
            around it?

       How do I process each word on each line?

       How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency
            summary?

       How can I do approximate matching?

       How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at
            once?

       Why don't word-boundary searches with \b work for me?

       Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?

       What good is \G in a regular expression?

       Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?

       What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?

       How can I match strings with multibyte characters?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date:
       1998/06/22 15:20:07 $)


       DESCRIPTION

       Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

       What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I
            know when to use them?

       Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use
            semicolons and commas?

       How do I skip some return values?

       How do I temporarily block warnings?

       What's an extension?




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       Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C
            operators?

       How do I declare/create a structure?

       How do I create a module?

       How do I create a class?

       How can I tell if a variable is tainted?

       What's a closure?

       What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?

       How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array,
            Hash, Method, Regexp}?
            Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles,
            Passing Regexps, Passing Methods

       How do I create a static variable?

       What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static)
            scoping? Between local() and my()?

       How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
            named lexical is in scope?

       What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

       Why doesn't """"my($foo) = <FILE>;"""" work right?

       How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?

       What's the difference between calling a function as &foo
            and foo()?

       How do I create a switch or case statement?

       How can I catch accesses to undefined
            variables/functions/methods?

       Why can't a method included in this same file be found?

       How can I find out my current package?

       How can I comment out a large block of perl code?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date:
       1998/07/05 15:07:20 $)





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       DESCRIPTION

       How do I find out which operating system I'm running
            under?

       How come exec() doesn't return?

       How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
            Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

       How do I print something out in color?

       How do I read just one key without waiting for a return
            key?

       How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?

       How do I clear the screen?

       How do I get the screen size?

       How do I ask the user for a password?

       How do I read and write the serial port?
            lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output,
            non-blocking input

       How do I decode encrypted password files?

       How do I start a process in the background?
            STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals,
            Zombies

       How do I trap control characters/signals?

       How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?

       How do I set the time and date?

       How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?

       How can I measure time under a second?

       How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
            handling)

       Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V
            (Solaris)? What does the error message """"Protocol
            not supported"""" mean?

       How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?

       Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or
            syscall()?



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       Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?

       How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?

       Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?

       How can I capture STDERR from an external command?

       Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?

       What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?

       How can I call backticks without shell processing?

       Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF
            (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?

       How can I convert my shell script to perl?

       Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?

       How can I write expect in Perl?

       Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs
            such as """"ps""""?

       I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl
            script. How come the change disappeared when I exited
            the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?
            Unix

       How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for
            it to complete?

       How do I fork a daemon process?

       How do I make my program run with sh and csh?

       How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?

       How do I timeout a slow event?

       How do I set CPU limits?

       How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?

       How do I use an SQL database?

       How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

       How do I open a file without blocking?

       How do I install a CPAN module?




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       What's the difference between require and use?

       How do I keep my own module/library directory?

       How do I add the directory my program lives in to the
            module/library search path?

       How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 1998/06/22
       18:31:09 $)


       DESCRIPTION

       My CGI script runs from the command line but not the
            browser. (500 Server Error)

       How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?

       How do I remove HTML from a string?

       How do I extract URLs?

       How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do
            I open a file on another machine?

       How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?

       How do I fetch an HTML file?

       How do I automate an HTML form submission?

       How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?

       How do I redirect to another page?

       How do I put a password on my web pages?

       How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?

       How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form
            that cause my CGI script to do bad things?

       How do I parse a mail header?

       How do I decode a CGI form?

       How do I check a valid mail address?

       How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?




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       How do I return the user's mail address?

       How do I send mail?

       How do I read mail?

       How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?

       How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?

       How do I fetch/put an FTP file?

       How can I do RPC in Perl?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perldelta - what's new for perl5.005


       DESCRIPTION

       About the new versioning system

       Incompatible Changes

       WARNING:  This version is not binary compatible with Perl
            5.004.

       Default installation structure has changed

       Perl Source Compatibility

       C Source Compatibility
            Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl
            global variables must now be referenced with an
            explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source
            compatibility issues

       Binary Compatibility

       Security fixes may affect compatibility

       Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004

       Licensing

       Core Changes

       Threads

       Compiler

       Regular Expressions
            Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes,



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            New regular expression constructs, New operator for
            precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements,
            Incompatible changes

       Improved malloc()

       Quicksort is internally implemented

       Reliable signals

       Reliable stack pointers

       More generous treatment of carriage returns

       Memory leaks

       Better support for multiple interpreters

       Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now
            well- defined

       %! is transparently tied to the the Errno manpage module

       Pseudo-hashes are supported

       EXPR foreach EXPR is supported

       Keywords can be globally overridden

       $^E is meaningful on Win32

       foreach (1..1000000) optimized

       Foo:: can be used as implicitly quoted package name

       exists $Foo::{Bar::} tests existence of a package

       Better locale support

       Experimental support for 64-bit platforms

       prototype() returns useful results on builtins

       Extended support for exception handling

       Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY()
            methods

       All printf format conversions are handled internally

       New INIT keyword

       New lock keyword




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       New qr// operator

       our is now a reserved word

       Tied arrays are now fully supported

       Tied handles support is better

       4th argument to substr

       Negative LENGTH argument to splice

       Magic lvalues are now more magical

       <> now reads in records

       Supported Platforms

       New Platforms

       Changes in existing support

       Modules and Pragmata

       New Modules
            B, Data::Dumper, Errno, File::Spec,
            ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal,
            IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread,
            attrs, fields, re

       Changes in existing modules
            CGI, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark

       Utility Changes

       Documentation Changes

       New Diagnostics
       Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or
       use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword
       "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s"
       on an undefined value, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
       goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize
       pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not
       available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character
       class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
       Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
       extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for
       future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular
       expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
       Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to
       '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No
       such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of
       type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request,



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       Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive
       inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in
       package '%s', Reference found where even-sized list
       expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of
       reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting
       locale failed

       Obsolete Diagnostics
       Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s,
       Cannot open temporary file

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       perldata - Perl data types


       DESCRIPTION

       Variable names

       Context

       Scalar values

       Scalar value constructors

       List value constructors

       Typeglobs and Filehandles

       perlsyn - Perl syntax


       DESCRIPTION

       Declarations

       Simple statements

       Compound statements

       Loop Control

       For Loops

       Foreach Loops

       Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements





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       Goto

       PODs: Embedded Documentation

       Plain Old Comments (Not!)

       perlop - Perl operators and precedence


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Terms and List Operators (Leftward)

       The Arrow Operator

       Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

       Exponentiation

       Symbolic Unary Operators

       Binding Operators

       Multiplicative Operators

       Additive Operators

       Shift Operators

       Named Unary Operators

       Relational Operators

       Equality Operators

       Bitwise And

       Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

       C-style Logical And

       C-style Logical Or

       Range Operators

       Conditional Operator

       Assignment Operators

       Comma Operator





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       List Operators (Rightward)

       Logical Not

       Logical And

       Logical or and Exclusive Or

       C Operators Missing From Perl
            unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

       Quote and Quote-like Operators

       Regexp Quote-Like Operators
            ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx,
            q/STRING/, 'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING",
            qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
            s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx,
            tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
            y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds

       Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
            Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before
            delimiters, Interpolation, <<'EOF', m'', s''', tr///,
            y///, '', q//, "", ``, qq//, qx//, <file*glob>, ?RE?,
            /RE/, m/RE/, s/RE/foo/,, Interpolation of regular
            expressions, Optimization of regular expressions

       I/O Operators

       Constant Folding

       Bitwise String Operators

       Integer Arithmetic

       Floating-point Arithmetic

       Bigger Numbers

       perlre - Perl regular expressions


       DESCRIPTION
       i, m, s, x

       Regular Expressions
            (?#text), (?:pattern), (?imsx-imsx:pattern),
            (?=pattern), (?!pattern), (?<=pattern), (?<!pattern),
            (?{ code }), (?>pattern), (?(condition)yes-
            pattern|no-pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern),
            (?imsx-imsx)





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       Backtracking

       Version 8 Regular Expressions

       WARNING on \1 vs $1

       Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring

       Creating custom RE engines

       SEE ALSO

       perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
            OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh

       Location of Perl

       Switches
            -0[digits], -a, -c, -d, -d:foo, -Dletters, -Dnumber,
            -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension],
            -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module,
            -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n,
            -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -x
            directory

       ENVIRONMENT
       HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
       PERL5SHELL (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
       PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL

       perlfunc - Perl builtin functions


       DESCRIPTION

       Perl Functions by Category
            Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions
            and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions
            for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions
            for real %HASHes, Input and output functions,
            Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions
            for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords
            related to the control flow of your perl program,
            Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions,
            Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords
            related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes
            and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions,



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            System V interprocess communication functions,
            Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info,
            Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5,
            Functions obsoleted in perl5

       Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
            -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept
            NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2
            Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless
            REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir
            EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp,
            chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr
            NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close
            FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect
            SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt
            PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
            HASH,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR,
            die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
            dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof,
            eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST,
            exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
            FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
            FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline
            PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
            getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
            WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
            gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
            NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
            NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
            ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport
            PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent,
            getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
            setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
            setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent,
            endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
            endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
            SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR,
            goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST,
            grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
            STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int,
            ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST,
            keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
            lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
            OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR,
            localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE,
            lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
            EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
            msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
            ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no
            Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
            open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR,
            ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE,
            pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
            SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST,



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            print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
            LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
            qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/,
            quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
            FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
            FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline
            EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv
            SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR,
            ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
            reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST,
            rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION,
            rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
            scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
            DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select
            RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
            semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
            SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp
            PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt
            SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift,
            shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
            ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
            shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR,
            sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
            SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME
            LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice
            ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
            splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT,
            split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
            FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand,
            stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
            study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
            EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,
            substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
            LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
            FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
            FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread
            FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
            FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system
            PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
            FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
            FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell,
            telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
            VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
            FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc,
            ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR,
            undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR,
            untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST,
            use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION,
            utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait,
            waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
            FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///






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       perlvar - Perl predefined variables


       DESCRIPTION

       Predefined Names
            $ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`,
            $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+,
            $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
            EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
            input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
            $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE
            EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator
            HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
            output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
            $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR,
            $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
            format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER,
            $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
            $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE
            EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
            EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR,
            $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters
            HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:,
            format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L,
            $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR,
            $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
            $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
            $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID,
            $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME,
            $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], $DEBUGGING, $^D,
            $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
            $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08,
            0x10, 0x20, $^R, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W,
            $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
            %ENV  $ENV{expr}, %SIG  $SIG{expr}

       Error Indicators

       perlsub - Perl subroutines


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Private Variables via my()

       Persistent Private Variables

       Temporary Values via local()

       Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)




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       When to Still Use local()
            1. You need to give a global variable a temporary
            value, especially $_, 2. You need to create a local
            file or directory handle or a local function, 3. You
            want to temporarily change just one element of an
            array or hash

       Pass by Reference

       Prototypes

       Constant Functions

       Overriding Builtin Functions

       Autoloading

       SEE ALSO

       perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)


       DESCRIPTION

       Packages

       Symbol Tables

       Package Constructors and Destructors

       Perl Classes

       Perl Modules

       SEE ALSO

       perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding
       existing ones


       DESCRIPTION

       THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

       Pragmatic Modules
            use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib,
            diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops,
            overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars

       Standard Modules
            AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN,
            CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct,
            Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle,
            DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,



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            ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist,
            ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
            ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
            ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
            ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal,
            Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
            File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find, File::Path,
            File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin,
            GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
            IO, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable,
            IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
            Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
            Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent,
            Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
            Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict,
            SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol,
            Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
            Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness,
            Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex,
            Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
            Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
            Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
            User::grent, User::pwent

       Extension Modules

       CPAN
       Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development
       Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device
       Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data
       Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User
       Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other
       Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File
       Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing,
       Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
       Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
       Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security,
       and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME,
       Server and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression,
       Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and
       Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities
       (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and
       Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules,
       Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South
       America

       Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

       Guidelines for Module Creation
            Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try
            to design the new module to be easy to extend and
            reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to
            export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it
            right?, README and other Additional Files, A



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            description of the module/package/extension etc, A
            copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what
            else you may need to have, How to build it - possible
            changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent
            changes in this release, especially
            incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to
            make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give
            the module a version/issue/release number, How to
            release and distribute a module, Take care when
            changing a released module

       Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into
            Modules
            There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider
            the implications, Make the most of the opportunity,
            The pl2pm utility will get you started, Adds the
            standard Module prologue lines, Converts package
            specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...) to
            croak(...), Several other minor changes

       Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
            Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl
            Module Library, Many applications contain some Perl
            code that could be reused, Break-out the reusable
            code into one or more separate module files, Take the
            opportunity to reconsider and redesign the
            interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then
            be reduced to a small

       NOTE

       perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules


       DESCRIPTION

       PREAMBLE
            DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a
            directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary),
            INSTALL the module

       HEY

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       perlform - Perl formats


       DESCRIPTION

       Format Variables




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       NOTES

       Footers

       Accessing Formatting Internals

       WARNINGS

       perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization
       and localization)


       DESCRIPTION

       PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

       USING LOCALES

       The use locale pragma

       The setlocale function

       Finding locales

       LOCALE PROBLEMS

       Temporarily fixing locale problems

       Permanently fixing locale problems

       Permanently fixing your locale configuration

       Permanently fixing system locale configuration

       The localeconv function

       LOCALE CATEGORIES

       Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

       Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

       Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

       Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

       LC_TIME

       Other categories

       SECURITY
       Comparison operators (lt, le, ge, gt and cmp):, Case-
       mapping interpolation (with \l, \L, \u or \U), Matching
       operator (m//):, Substitution operator (s///):, In-memory



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       formatting function (sprintf()):, Output formatting
       functions (printf() and write()):, Case-mapping functions
       (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, POSIX locale-
       dependent functions (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(),
       strxfrm()):, POSIX character class tests (isalnum(),
       isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
       ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):

       ENVIRONMENT
       PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
       LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

       NOTES

       Backward compatibility

       I18N:Collate obsolete

       Sort speed and memory use impacts

       write() and LC_NUMERIC

       Freely available locale definitions

       I18n and l10n

       An imperfect standard

       BUGS

       Broken systems

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       perlref - Perl references and nested data structures


       DESCRIPTION

       Making References

       Using References

       Symbolic references

       Not-so-symbolic references

       Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash

       Function Templates





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       WARNING

       SEE ALSO

       perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook


       DESCRIPTION
       arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes,
       hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

       REFERENCES

       COMMON MISTAKES

       CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

       WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict

       DEBUGGING

       CODE EXAMPLES

       LISTS OF LISTS

       Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS

       Generation of a LIST OF LISTS

       Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS

       HASHES OF LISTS

       Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS

       Generation of a HASH OF LISTS

       Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS

       LISTS OF HASHES

       Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES

       Generation of a LIST OF HASHES

       Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES

       HASHES OF HASHES

       Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

       Generation of a HASH OF HASHES





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

       MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

       Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

       Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

       Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

       Database Ties

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl


       DESCRIPTION

       Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists

       Growing Your Own

       Access and Printing

       Slices

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl


       DESCRIPTION

       Creating a Class

       Object Representation

       Class Interface

       Constructors and Instance Methods

       Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

       Destructors

       Other Object Methods

       Class Data




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       Accessing Class Data

       Debugging Methods

       Class Destructors

       Documenting the Interface

       Aggregation

       Inheritance

       Overridden Methods

       Multiple Inheritance

       UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

       Alternate Object Representations

       Arrays as Objects

       Closures as Objects

       AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

       Autoloaded Data Methods

       Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

       Metaclassical Tools

       Class::Struct

       Data Members as Variables

       NOTES

       Object Terminology

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       COPYRIGHT

       Acknowledgments

       perlobj - Perl objects


       DESCRIPTION





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       An Object is Simply a Reference

       A Class is Simply a Package

       A Method is Simply a Subroutine

       Method Invocation

       Default UNIVERSAL methods
            isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

       Destructors

       WARNING

       Summary

       Two-Phased Garbage Collection

       SEE ALSO

       perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Tying Scalars
            TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
            value, DESTROY this

       Tying Arrays
            TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE
            this, index, value, DESTROY this

       Tying Hashes
            USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST,
            FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this,
            key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this,
            NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this

       Tying FileHandles
            TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT
            this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST,
            READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this

       The untie Gotcha

       SEE ALSO

       BUGS





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       AUTHOR

       perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)


       DESCRIPTION

       OO SCALING TIPS

       INSTANCE VARIABLES

       SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

       INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

       OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

       OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

       USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

       THINKING OF CODE REUSE

       CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

       INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

       DELEGATION

       perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos,
       pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)


       DESCRIPTION

       Signals

       Named Pipes

       WARNING

       Using open() for IPC

       Filehandles

       Background Processes

       Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent

       Safe Pipe Opens

       Bidirectional Communication with Another Process





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

       Sockets: Client/Server Communication

       Internet Line Terminators

       Internet TCP Clients and Servers

       Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

       TCP Clients with IO::Socket

       A Simple Client
            Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort

       A Webget Client

       Interactive Client with IO::Socket

       TCP Servers with IO::Socket
       Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

       UDP: Message Passing

       SysV IPC

       NOTES

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       perldebug - Perl debugging


       DESCRIPTION

       The Perl Debugger

       Debugger Commands
            h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X
            [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], <CR>, c [line|sub], l,
            l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w
            [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S
            [[!]pattern], t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b
            subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition],
            b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a
            [line] command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]]
            [opt"val"] [opt?].., recallCommand, ShellBang, pager,
            tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel, dieLevel,
            AutoTrace, LineInfo, inhibit_exit, PrintRet,
            ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, arrayDepth, hashDepth,



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


            compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles,
            DumpPackages, DumpReused, quote, HighBit, undefPrint,
            UsageOnly, TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop, < [ command
            ], << command, > command, >> command, { [ command ],
            {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H
            -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m
            expr, m package

       Debugger input/output
            Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing,
            Frame listing

       Debugging compile-time statements

       Debugger Customization

       Readline Support

       Editor Support for Debugging

       The Perl Profiler

       Debugger support in perl

       Debugger Internals

       Other resources

       BUGS

       Debugging Perl memory usage

       Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}
            buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX),
            Free/Used, Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS,
            pad: 0, heads: 2192, chain: 0, tail: 6144

       Example of using -DL switch
            717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704

       -DL details
            !!!, !!, !

       Limitations of -DL statistic

       Debugging regular expressions

       Compile-time output
            anchored STRING at POS, floating STRING at
            POS1..POS2, matching floating/anchored, minlen,
            stclass TYPE, noscan, isall, GPOS, plus, implicit,
            with eval, anchored(TYPE)





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Types of nodes

       Run-time output

       perldiag - various Perl diagnostics


       DESCRIPTION

       perlsec - Perl security


       DESCRIPTION

       Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

       Switches On the """"#!"""" Line

       Cleaning Up Your Path

       Security Bugs

       Protecting Your Programs

       SEE ALSO

       perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary


       DESCRIPTION

       Awk Traps

       C Traps

       Sed Traps

       Shell Traps

       Perl Traps

       Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
            Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps,
            Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type
            traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
            Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps
            using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps,
            OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

       Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
            Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance,
            Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
            Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
            Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation,



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


            Discontinuance

       Parsing Traps
            Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing

       Numerical Traps
            Numerical, Numerical, Numerical

       General data type traps
            (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs),
            (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable
            Suicide)

       Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
            (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context),
            (list, builtin)

       Precedence Traps
            Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
            Precedence, Precedence, Precedence

       General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
            Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
            Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
            Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
            Expression

       Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
            (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you
            specify a filehandle

       OS Traps
            (SysV), (SysV)

       Interpolation Traps
            Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
            Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
            Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation

       DBM Traps
            DBM, DBM

       Unclassified Traps
            require/do trap using returned value, split on empty
            string with LIMIT specified

       perlport - Writing portable Perl


       DESCRIPTION
       Not all Perl programs have to be portable, The vast
       majority of Perl is portable





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       ISSUES

       Newlines

       File Paths

       System Interaction

       Interprocess Communication (IPC)

       External Subroutines (XS)

       Standard Modules

       Time and Date

       System Resources

       Security

       Style

       CPAN TESTERS
       Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
       http://www.connect.net/gbarr/cpan-test/

       PLATFORMS

       Unix

       DOS and Derivatives
            The djgpp environment for DOS,
            http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/, The EMX environment
            for DOS, OS/2, etc.
            emx@iaehv.nl,http://www.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emx+gcc/index.html,
            ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/dev/emx.  Build
            instructions for Win32, the perlwin32 manpage, The
            ActiveState Pages, http://www.activestate.com/

       MacPerl
            The MacPerl Pages, http://www.ptf.com/macperl/, The
            MacPerl mailing list, mac-perl-request@iis.ee.ethz.ch

       VMS  the perlvms.pod manpage, vmsperl list, vmsperl-
            request@newman.upenn.edu, vmsperl on the web,
            http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html

       EBCDIC Platforms
            perl-mvs list, AS/400 Perl information at
            http://as400.rochester.ibm.com

       Other perls
            Atari, Guido Flohr's page http://stud.uni-
            sb.de/~gufl0000/, HP 300 MPE/iX



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


            http://www.cccd.edu/~markb/perlix.html, Novell
            Netware

       FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

       Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
            -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod
            LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
            PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
            HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl
            FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
            FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID,
            getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
            getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
            getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
            getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO,
            getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
            getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
            sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
            STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
            endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
            getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
            ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill LIST, link
            OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat,
            msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
            ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
            FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
            READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
            select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
            ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop
            KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
            WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt
            SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG,
            shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
            shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
            SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat
            FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
            syscall LIST, system LIST, times, truncate
            FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR,
            umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS

       AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

       VERSION

       perlstyle - Perl style guide


       DESCRIPTION

       perlpod - plain old documentation






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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       DESCRIPTION

       Verbatim Paragraph

       Command Paragraph

       Ordinary Block of Text

       The Intent

       Embedding Pods in Perl Modules

       Common Pod Pitfalls

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       perlbook - Perl book information


       DESCRIPTION

       perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program


       DESCRIPTION

       PREAMBLE
            Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use
            Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?

       ROADMAP

       Compiling your C program

       Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

       Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program

       Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program

       Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from
            your C program

       Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

       Maintaining a persistent interpreter

       Maintaining multiple interpreter instances

       Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from
            your C program




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Embedding Perl under Win32

       MORAL

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(),
       PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode),
       PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...),
       PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...),
       PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count),
       PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c),
       PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f),
       PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f),
       PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w),
       PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f),
       PerlIO_tmpfile()

       Co-existence with stdio
            PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags),
            PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(f),
            PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f),
            PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f),
            PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f),
            PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c),
            PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f),
            PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)

       perlxs - XS language reference manual


       DESCRIPTION

       Introduction

       On The Road

       The Anatomy of an XSUB

       The Argument Stack

       The RETVAL Variable

       The MODULE Keyword





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       The PACKAGE Keyword

       The PREFIX Keyword

       The OUTPUT: Keyword

       The CODE: Keyword

       The INIT: Keyword

       The NO_INIT Keyword

       Initializing Function Parameters

       Default Parameter Values

       The PREINIT: Keyword

       The SCOPE: Keyword

       The INPUT: Keyword

       Variable-length Parameter Lists

       The C_ARGS: Keyword

       The PPCODE: Keyword

       Returning Undef And Empty Lists

       The REQUIRE: Keyword

       The CLEANUP: Keyword

       The BOOT: Keyword

       The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword

       The PROTOTYPES: Keyword

       The PROTOTYPE: Keyword

       The ALIAS: Keyword

       The INTERFACE: Keyword

       The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword

       The INCLUDE: Keyword

       The CASE: Keyword

       The & Unary Operator




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives

       Using XS With C++

       Interface Strategy

       Perl Objects And C Structures

       The Typemap

       EXAMPLES

       XS VERSION

       AUTHOR

       perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs


       DESCRIPTION

       VERSION CAVEAT

       DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC

       EXAMPLE 1

       EXAMPLE 2

       WHAT HAS GONE ON?

       WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS

       EXAMPLE 3

       WHAT'S NEW HERE?

       INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS

       THE XSUBPP COMPILER

       THE TYPEMAP FILE

       WARNING

       EXAMPLE 4

       WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?

       SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP

       THE ARGUMENT STACK





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION

       DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION

       INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION

       SEE ALSO

       Author

       Last Changed

       perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions


       DESCRIPTION

       Variables

       Datatypes

       What is an """"IV""""?

       Working with SVs

       What's Really Stored in an SV?

       Working with AVs

       Working with HVs

       Hash API Extensions

       References

       Blessed References and Class Objects

       Creating New Variables

       Reference Counts and Mortality

       Stashes and Globs

       Double-Typed SVs

       Magic Variables

       Assigning Magic

       Magic Virtual Tables

       Finding Magic





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays

       Localizing changes
            SAVEINT(int i), SAVEIV(IV i), SAVEI32(I32 i),
            SAVELONG(long i), SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p),
            SAVEFREESV(SV *sv), SAVEFREEOP(OP *op),
            SAVEFREEPV(p), SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv), SAVEDELETE(HV
            *hv, char *key, I32 length), SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p),
            SAVESTACK_POS(), SV* save_scalar(GV *gv), AV*
            save_ary(GV *gv), HV* save_hash(GV *gv), void
            save_item(SV *item), void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
            maxsarg), SV* save_svref(SV **sptr), void
            save_aptr(AV **aptr), void save_hptr(HV **hptr)

       Subroutines

       XSUBs and the Argument Stack

       Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs

       Memory Allocation

       PerlIO

       Putting a C value on Perl stack

       Scratchpads

       Scratchpads and recursion

       Compiled code

       Code tree

       Examining the tree

       Compile pass 1: check routines

       Compile pass 1a: constant folding

       Compile pass 2: context propagation

       Compile pass 3: peephole optimization

       API LISTING
       av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make,
       av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
       CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub,
       PL_DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, PL_dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS,
       dXSI32, do_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr,
       FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V,
       G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
       gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv,
       GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY,



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
       hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
       hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent,
       hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext,
       hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
       hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT,
       isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE,
       looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find,
       mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, PL_na,
       New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc,
       newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf,
       newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz,
       Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
       perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method,
       perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
       perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free, perl_get_av,
       perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
       perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs,
       PUSHMARK, PUSHi, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK,
       Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc, saferealloc,
       savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
       strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal,
       sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg,
       sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop,
       sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
       sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
       sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
       SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX,
       SvLEN, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal,
       SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, PL_sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off,
       SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
       SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV,
       SvPV_force, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc,
       SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, sv_setiv,
       sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg,
       sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
       sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
       sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal,
       sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, SvSTASH,
       SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SVt_IV,
       SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV,
       SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, PL_sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE,
       sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat,
       patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), sv_vsetpvfn(sv,
       pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), SvUV,
       SvUVX, PL_sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi,
       XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
       XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
       XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV,
       XST_mNV, XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
       XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero

       AUTHORS




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C


       DESCRIPTION
       An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

       THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
       perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method,
       perl_call_argv

       FLAG VALUES

       G_VOID

       G_SCALAR

       G_ARRAY

       G_DISCARD

       G_NOARGS

       G_EVAL

       G_KEEPERR

       Determining the Context

       KNOWN PROBLEMS

       EXAMPLES

       No Parameters, Nothing returned

       Passing Parameters

       Returning a Scalar

       Returning a list of values

       Returning a list in a scalar context

       Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list

       Using G_EVAL

       Using G_KEEPERR

       Using perl_call_sv

       Using perl_call_argv

       Using perl_call_method




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Using GIMME_V

       Using Perl to dispose of temporaries

       Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
            1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2.
            Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3.
            Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback

       Alternate Stack Manipulation

       Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       DATE

       perlhist - the Perl history records


       DESCRIPTION

       INTRODUCTION

       THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

       PUMPKIN?

       THE RECORDS

       SELECTED RELEASE SIZES

       SELECTED PATCH SIZES

       THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
       attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       method, locked

       re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is
       used


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       WARNING

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at
       compile time


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       constant - Perl pragma to declare constants


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTES

       TECHNICAL NOTE

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT






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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose
       warning diagnostics


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       The diagnostics Pragma

       The splain Program

       EXAMPLES

       INTERNALS

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       fields - compile-time class fields


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer
       instead of double


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       less - perl pragma to request less of something from the
       compiler


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       lib - manipulate @INC at compile time


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC

       RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for
       built-in operations


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       overload - Package for overloading perl operations


       SYNOPSIS

       CAVEAT SCRIPTOR

       DESCRIPTION

       Declaration of overloaded functions

       Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
            FALSE, TRUE, undef

       Calling Conventions for Unary Operations

       Overloadable Operations
            Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit
            operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental
            functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion,
            Special

       Inheritance and overloading
            Strings as values of use overload directive,
            Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived
            classes

       SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR use overload

       Last Resort

       Fallback
            undef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE

       Copy Constructor
            Example





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
       Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion
       operations, Increment and decrement, abs($a), Unary minus,
       Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Copy
       operator

       WARNING

       Run-time Overloading

       Public functions
       overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg),
       overload::Method(obj,op)

       Overloading constants
       integer, float, binary, q, qr

       IMPLEMENTATION

       AUTHOR

       DIAGNOSTICS

       BUGS

       sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS

       SIGNAL HANDLERS
            stack-trace, die, handler your-handler

       SIGNAL LISTS
            normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals

       OTHER
            untrapped, any, signal, number

       EXAMPLES

       strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       strict refs, strict vars, strict subs





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

MODULE DOCUMENTATION
       AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       DBM Comparisons
            [0], [1], [2], [3]

       SEE ALSO

       AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Subroutine Stubs

       Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

       Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

       Package Lexicals

       AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader

       CAVEATS

       SEE ALSO

       AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading


       SYNOPSIS





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       DESCRIPTION
       $keep, $check, $modtime

       Multiple packages

       DIAGNOSTICS

       B - The Perl Compiler


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

       SV-RELATED CLASSES

       B::SV METHODS
            REFCNT, FLAGS

       B::IV METHODS
            IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv

       B::NV METHODS
            NV, NVX

       B::RV METHODS
            RV

       B::PV METHODS
            PV

       B::PVMG METHODS
            MAGIC, SvSTASH

       B::MAGIC METHODS
            MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR

       B::PVLV METHODS
            TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG

       B::BM METHODS
            USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE

       B::GV METHODS
            NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
            LINE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS

       B::IO METHODS
            LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV,
            FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS,
            IoTYPE, IoFLAGS




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       B::AV METHODS
            FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS

       B::CV METHODS
            STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILEGV, DEPTH, PADLIST,
            OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY

       B::HV METHODS
            FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY

       OP-RELATED CLASSES

       B::OP METHODS
            next, sibling, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags,
            private

       B::UNOP METHOD
            first

       B::BINOP METHOD
            last

       B::LOGOP METHOD
            other

       B::CONDOP METHODS
            true, false

       B::LISTOP METHOD
            children

       B::PMOP METHODS
            pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags,
            pmpermflags, precomp

       B::SVOP METHOD
            sv

       B::GVOP METHOD
            gv

       B::PVOP METHOD
            pv

       B::LOOP METHODS
            redoop, nextop, lastop

       B::COP METHODS
            label, stash, filegv, cop_seq, arybase, line

       FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY B
       main_cv, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef,
       sv_yes, sv_no, walkoptree(OP, METHOD),
       walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD,



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR),
       cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
       threadsv_names, byteload_fh(FILEHANDLE)

       AUTHOR

       B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to
       generate bytecode


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
       -ofilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-
       numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -fstrip-syntax-tree, -On, -D,
       -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -m

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       B::C - Perl compiler's C backend






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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
       -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC,
       -DM, -f, -fcog, -fno-cog, -On

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
       -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr,
       -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock,
       -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       DIFFERENCES

       Loops

       Context of """"..""""

       Arithmetic

       Deprecated features

       AUTHOR

       B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info
       about ops


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR






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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
       -p, -uPACKAGE, -l, -sLETTERS, C

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Lint - Perl lint


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
       context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-
       underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-
       variables, all, none

       NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
       -u Package

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONVENTIONS

       IMPLEMENTATION





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       AUTHOR

       B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or
       files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info
       about ops


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl
       programs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
       -oFILENAME, -r, -D[tO]

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Benchmark - benchmark running times of code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Methods
            new, debug

       Standard Exports
            timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE,
            [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE
            ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [
            STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )

       Optional Exports
            clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache
            ( ), enablecache ( )

       NOTES

       INHERITANCE

       CAVEATS

       AUTHORS

       MODIFICATION HISTORY

       CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class


       SYNOPSIS

       ABSTRACT

       DESCRIPTION

       PROGRAMMING STYLE

       CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
            1. Use another name for the argument, if one is
            available.  Forexample, -value is an alias for
            -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
            3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g.
            '-values'

       CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):

       CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE

       FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:

       FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR
            SCRIPT:

       FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:

       SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:

       IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:

       DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:

       DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:

       DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:

       SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:

       USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
            :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html,
            :standard, :all

       PRAGMAS
            -any, -compile, -nph, -autoload, -no_debug,
            -private_tempfiles

       GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

       CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:

       GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER

       CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
            Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..

       ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:

       CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE
            INFORMATION:

       OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
            -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info),
            -query (-query_string)

       CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

       PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS

       THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS

       HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION

       NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS

       CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

       CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG

       STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
            application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


            data

       CREATING A TEXT FIELD
            Parameters

       CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD

       CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD

       CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
            Parameters

       CREATING A POPUP MENU

       CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
            Parameters:

       CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
            Parameters:

       CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
            Parameters:

       CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
            Parameters:

       CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
            Parameters:

       CREATING A RESET BUTTON

       CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON

       CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
            Parameters:

       CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
            Parameters:, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is
            an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE

       CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON

       NETSCAPE COOKIES
       1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a
       "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires,
       -secure

       WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
       1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the
       destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3.
       Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag

       LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       DEBUGGING

       DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS

       FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(),
       path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name()Return the
       script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts,
       referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (),
       server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (),
       request_method()

       USING NPH SCRIPTS
       In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By
       using -nph parameters in the header() and redirect()
       statements:

       Server Push
       multipart_init() multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);,
       multipart_start(), multipart_end()

       Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
       $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-
       script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts

       COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

       AUTHOR INFORMATION

       CREDITS
       Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James
       Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish
       <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu),
       Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
       (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse
       (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard Resnick
       (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop
       (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
       (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk),
       Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
       (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie
       (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
       (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
       (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David
       Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern
       (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
       ...and many many more..

       A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-
       Apache API


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE 1

       NOTE 2

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the
       HTTPD (or other) error log


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

       MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

       Changing the default message

       CHANGE LOG

       AUTHORS

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       USING CGI::Cookie
       1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag

       Creating New Cookies

       Sending the Cookie to the Browser

       Recovering Previous Cookies

       Manipulating Cookies
            name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       AUTHOR INFORMATION

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE

       WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS

       INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS

       USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS

       CAVEATS

       AUTHOR INFORMATION

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       USING CGI::Push
       -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target,
       -expires

       Heterogeneous Pages

       Changing the Page Delay on the Fly

       INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

       CAVEATS

       AUTHOR INFORMATION

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return
       the first object available


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN
       sites


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Interactive Mode
            Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files
            and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or
            distributions, readme, look module or distribution,
            Signals

       CPAN::Shell

       autobundle

       recompile

       The four CPAN::* Classes: Author, Bundle, Module,
            Distribution

       Programmer's interface
            expand($type,@things), Programming Examples

       Methods in the four

       Cache Manager

       Bundles

       Prerequisites

       Finding packages and VERSION

       Debugging

       Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz

       CONFIGURATION
       o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option> <value>, o



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       conf <list option>, o conf <list option> [shift|pop], o
       conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>

       CD-ROM support

       SECURITY

       EXPORT

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file
       Initialization


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using
       any XS module


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       Carp, carp    - warn of errors (from perspective of
       caller)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Forcing a Stack Trace

       Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl
       classes


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       The struct() function





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Element Types and Accessor Methods
            Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%'
            or '*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name')

       EXAMPLES
       Example 1, Example 2

       Author and Modification History

       Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO

       Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2

       Interface to Berkeley DB

       Opening a Berkeley DB Database File

       Default Parameters

       In Memory Databases

       DB_HASH

       A Simple Example

       DB_BTREE

       Changing the BTREE sort order

       Handling Duplicate Keys

       The get_dup() Method

       Matching Partial Keys

       DB_RECNO

       The 'bval' Option

       A Simple Example




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Extra Methods
            $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift,
            $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length

       Another Example

       THE API INTERFACE
       $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status =
       $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key
       [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key,
       $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;

       HINTS AND TIPS

       Locking Databases

       Sharing Databases With C Applications

       The untie() Gotcha

       COMMON QUESTIONS

       Why is there Perl source in my database?

       How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?

       What does """"Invalid Argument"""" mean?

       What does """"Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed"""" mean?

       HISTORY

       BUGS

       AVAILABILITY

       COPYRIGHT

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable
       for both printing and eval


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Methods
            PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump  or
            PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dumpxs or
            PACKAGE->Dumpxs(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]),



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


            $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]),
            $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset

       Functions
            Dumper(LIST), DumperX(LIST)

       Configuration Variables or Methods
            $Data::Dumper::Indent  or  $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Purity  or  $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Pad  or  $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Varname   or  $OBJ->Varname([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Useqq  or  $OBJ->Useqq([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Terse  or  $OBJ->Terse([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Freezer   or  $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Toaster   or  $OBJ->Toaster([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy
            or    $OBJ->Deepcopy([NEWVAL]),
            $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys  or
            $OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless  or
            $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL])

       Exports
            Dumper

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       VERSION

       SEE ALSO

       Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading
       module


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly
       punctuation variables






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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Env - perl module that imports environment variables


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       Exporter - Implements default import method for modules


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Selecting What To Export

       Specialised Import Lists

       Exporting without using Export's import method

       Module Version Checking

       Managing Unknown Symbols

       Tag Handling Utility Functions

       ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX
       commands in Makefiles etc.


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch
       files .., mv source... destination, cp source...
       destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath directory..,
       test_f file

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++
       applications





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       @EXPORT

       FUNCTIONS
       xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(),
       ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(),
       xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)

       EXAMPLES

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed
       modules


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       USAGE

       FUNCTIONS
       new(), modules(), files(), directories(),
       directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to
       use them


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic
       extensions

       EXTRALIBS




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH

       BSLOADLIBS

       PORTABILITY

       VMS implementation

       Win32 implementation

       SEE ALSO

       ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
       ExtUtils::MakeMaker


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS

       Preloaded methods
            canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir

       SelfLoaded methods
            c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o),
            const_config (o), const_loadlibs (o), constants (o),
            depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), dist_basics
            (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o),
            dist_test (o), dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs
            (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, extliblist,
            file_name_is_absolute, find_perl

       Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the
            Makefile
            fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code,
            init_dirscan, init_main, init_others, install (o),
            installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir,
            macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods
            (o), maybe_command, maybe_command_in_dirs,
            needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version,
            parse_abstract, pasthru (o), path, perl_script,
            perldepend (o), ppd, perm_rw (o), perm_rwx (o),
            pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), post_initialize (o),
            postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
            (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o),



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            static_lib (o), staticmake (o), subdir_x (o), subdirs
            (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
            (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp
            (o), top_targets (o), writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o),
            perl_archive, export_list

       SEE ALSO

       ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
       ExtUtils::MakeMaker


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Methods always loaded
            eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist,
            curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir
            (override)

       SelfLoaded methods
            guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path
            (override), maybe_command (override),
            maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script
            (override), file_name_is_absolute (override),
            replace_manpage_separator, init_others (override),
            constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
            (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit
            (override), tool_sxubpp (override), xsubpp_version
            (override), tools_other (override), dist (override),
            c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override),
            top_targets (override), dlsyms (override),
            dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs (override),
            static_lib (override), manifypods (override),
            processPL (override), installbin (override), subdir_x
            (override), clean (override), realclean (override),
            dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
            dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install
            (override), perldepend (override), makefile
            (override), test (override), test_via_harness
            (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl
            (override), nicetext (override)

       ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
       ExtUtils::MakeMaker


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o),
       dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib,
       test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override),



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       tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods
       (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)

       ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       How To Write A Makefile.PL

       Default Makefile Behaviour

       make test

       make testdb

       make install

       PREFIX and LIB attribute

       AFS users

       Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

       Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

       Which architecture dependent directory?

       Using Attributes and Parameters
            C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME,
            DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC,
            FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC,
            INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS,
            INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
            INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH,
            INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB,
            INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM,
            LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE,
            MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
            NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
            PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC,
            PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
            PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS,
            XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION

       Additional lowercase attributes
            clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext,
            macro, realclean, tool_autosplit

       Overriding MakeMaker Methods





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       Hintsfile support

       Distribution Support
            make distcheck,    make skipcheck,    make
            distclean,   make manifest, make distdir,   make
            tardist,   make dist,    make uutardist,    make
            shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci

       Disabling an extension

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a
       MANIFEST file


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       MANIFEST.SKIP

       EXPORT_OK

       GLOBAL VARIABLES

       DIAGNOSTICS
       Not in MANIFEST: file, No such file: file, MANIFEST: $!,
       Added to MANIFEST: file

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by
       DynaLoader


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for
       dynamic extension


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE





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       AUTHOR

       REVISION

       ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       USAGE

       FUNCTIONS
       new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed
       or die


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       EXPORTED SYMBOLS

       File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces


       SYNOPSIS





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       DESCRIPTION
       fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse

       EXAMPLES
       basename, dirname

       File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a
       tree


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       RETURN

       AUTHOR

       File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Special behavior if syscopy is defined (VMS and OS/2)
            rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])

       RETURN

       AUTHOR

       File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXPORTS (by request only)

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       HISTORY




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       SEE ALSO

       File::Find, find - traverse a file tree


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       File::Path - create or remove a series of directories


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHORS

       REVISION

       File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
       canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir,
       file_name_is_absolute, path

       SEE ALSO

       File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION





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       File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
       canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir,
       no_upwards, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, nativename

       SEE ALSO

       File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Methods always loaded
            catdir, catfile, curdir (override), rootdir
            (override), updir (override), path (override),
            file_name_is_absolute (override)

       File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       catfile, canonpath

       File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat()
       functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS




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       FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines

       SEE ALSO

       FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXPORTABLE VARIABLES

       KNOWN BUGS

       AUTHORS

       COPYRIGHT

       REVISION

       GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AVAILABILITY

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command
       line options


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       !, +, :s, :i, :f

       Linkage specification

       Aliases and abbreviations





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       Non-option call-back routine

       Option starters

       Return values and Errors

       COMPATIBILITY

       EXAMPLES

       CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
       default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order,
       permute, bundling (default: reset), bundling_override
       (default: reset), ignore_case (default: set),
       ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through
       (default: reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default:
       reset)

       OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
       $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

       Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches
       with switch clustering


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the
       current locale


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       IO - load various IO modules


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for
       filehandles


       SYNOPSIS




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       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
       new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile

       METHODS
       open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods
       for I/O handles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
       new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

       METHODS
       $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline,
       $fh->getlines, $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN
       [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush, $fh->error, $fh->clearerr,
       $fh->untaint

       NOTE

       SEE ALSO

       BUGS

       HISTORY

       IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for
       pipes


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRCUTOR
       new ( [READER, WRITER] )

       METHODS
       reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

       SEE ALSO





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       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based
       methods for I/O objects


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the
       select system call


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
       new ( [ HANDLES ] )

       METHODS
       add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ),
       handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ]
       ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), bits(),
       select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to
       socket communications


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
       new ( [ARGS] )

       METHODS
       accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]),
       sockdomain, socktype, protocol




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       SUB-CLASSES

       IO::Socket::INET

       METHODS
            sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (),
            peerport (), peerhost ()

       IO::Socket::UNIX

       METHODS
            hostpath(), peerpath()

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and
       writing


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       WARNING

       SEE ALSO

       IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing,
       and error handling


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       WARNING

       IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       ftok( PATH, ID )

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       COPYRIGHT

       IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
       new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS
       ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME =>
       VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC
       object class


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
       new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
       getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op (
       OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [,
       NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N ,
       VALUE ), stat

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed
       to

       BUGS

       AUTHOR




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       Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       Canonical notation, Input, Output

       EXAMPLES

       Autocreating constants

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated
       mathematical functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPERATIONS

       CREATION

       STRINGIFICATION

       USAGE

       ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO

       ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS

       BUGS

       AUTHORS

       Math::Trig - trigonometric functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
       tan

       ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO

       SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS




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       PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS

       RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS

       COORDINATE SYSTEMS

       3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
            cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical,
            cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical,
            spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical

       GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       AUTHORS

       NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Functions
            Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [,
            $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
            $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);

       WARNING

       NOTES

       Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       gethost*() functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       NOTE




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       AUTHOR

       Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       getnet*() functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       getproto*() functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       getserv*() functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code


       SYNOPSIS




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       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       WARNING

       Operator Names and Operator Lists
       an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a
       negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)

       Opcode Functions
       opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET),
       opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset,
       invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
       define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask,
       opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)

       Manipulating Opsets

       TO DO (maybe)

       Predefined Opcode Tags
       :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig,
       :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read,
       :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
       :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
       :dangerous

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in
       restricted compartments


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       a new namespace, an operator mask

       WARNING

       RECENT CHANGES

       Methods in class Safe
            permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
            ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
            (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,
            ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
            (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

       Some Safety Issues
            Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes



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       AUTHOR

       Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe
       operations when compiling


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       CAVEATS

       FUNCTIONS
       _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin,
       assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch,
       calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close,
       closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid,
       difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp,
       execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl,
       fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets,
       fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf,
       fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek,
       fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd,
       getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam,
       getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam,
       getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
       iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct,
       isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link,
       localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc,
       mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove,
       memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
       opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
       putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc,
       remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid,
       setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction,
       siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
       sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand,
       sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy,
       strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp,
       strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
       strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan,
       tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak,
       tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper,



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       ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink,
       utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
       wcstombs, wctomb, write

       CLASSES

       POSIX::SigAction
            new

       POSIX::SigSet
            new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember

       POSIX::Termios
            new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed,
            getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc,
            setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag,
            setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface
            values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values,
            c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag
            field values

       PATHNAME CONSTANTS
       Constants

       POSIX CONSTANTS
       Constants

       SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
       Constants

       ERRNO
       Constants

       FCNTL
       Constants

       FLOAT
       Constants

       LIMITS
       Constants

       LOCALE
       Constants

       MATH
       Constants

       SIGNAL
       Constants

       STAT
       Constants, Macros




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       STDLIB
       Constants

       STDIO
       Constants

       TIME
       Constants

       UNISTD
       Constants

       WAIT
       Constants, Macros

       CREATION

       Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ARGUMENTS
       help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath,
       libpods, netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse,
       norecurse, title, verbose

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       COPYRIGHT

       Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       TODO

       SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files






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       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SelfLoader - load functions only on demand


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       The __DATA__ token

       SelfLoader autoloading

       Autoloading and package lexicals

       SelfLoader and AutoLoader

       __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.

       Classes and inherited methods.

       Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

       Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa -
       load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators


       SYNOPSIS




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       DESCRIPTION
       inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY,
       INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE,
       sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN,
       pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
       SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
       SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un
       SOCKADDR_UN

       Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog
       - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
       $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
       $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog

       EXAMPLES

       DEPENDENCIES

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES





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       Term::Complete - Perl word completion module


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>

       DIAGNOSTICS

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various readline
       packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs
       instead of basic functions.


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Minimal set of supported functions
       ReadLine, new, readline, addhistory, IN, $OUT, MinLine,
       findConsole, Attribs, Features

       Additional supported functions
       tkRunning, ornaments, newTTY

       EXPORTS

       ENVIRONMENT

       Test - provides a simple framework for writing test
       scripts


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       TEST TYPES
       NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS

       ONFAIL

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR







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       Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with
       statistics


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       The test script output

       EXPORT

       DIAGNOSTICS
       All tests successful.\nFiles=%d,  Tests=%d, %s, FAILED
       tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay., Test
       returned status %d (wstat %d), Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay.
       %s, Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.  %s

       ENVIRONMENT

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       BUGS

       Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a
       list


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLE

       Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or
       array of arrays


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES
       0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of
       our $delim, 2use of quotes to include a space in a word,
       3use of a backslash to include a space in a word, 4use of
       a backslash to remove the special meaning of a double-
       quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of
       the backslashed double-quote)

       AUTHORS




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       Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as
       Described by Knuth


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       LIMITATIONS

       AUTHOR

       Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix
       expand(1) and unexpand(1)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLE

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Thread - multithreading


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       FUNCTIONS
       new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE,
       async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait
       VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE

       METHODS
       join, eval, tid




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       LIMITATIONS

       SEE ALSO

       Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
       new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending

       SEE ALSO

       Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
       new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER

       Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers
       reliably


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys


       SYNOPSIS

       Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH
       this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND
       this, count, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST,
       POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this,
       offset, length, LIST





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       CAVEATS

       AUTHOR

       Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length,
       offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ
       this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this,
       DESTROY this

       MORE INFORMATION

       Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied
       hashes


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH
       this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS
       this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this

       CAVEATS

       MORE INFORMATION

       Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       VERSION

       SEE ALSO

       Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for
       tied scalars


       SYNOPSIS





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       DESCRIPTION
       TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value,
       DESTROY this

       MORE INFORMATION

       Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length
       hashing


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CAVEATS

       Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT
       time


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       gmtime() function


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       localtime() function


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and
       Time::localtime


       SYNOPSIS




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       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed
       references)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
       isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ),
       UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD
       )

       User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       getgr*() functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       getpw*() functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
       Here should be listed all the extra programs'
       documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:

       a2p

       s2p

       find2perl

       h2ph

       c2ph





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       h2xs

       xsubpp

       pod2man

       wrapsuid

AUTHOR
       Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of
       other folks.














































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