Using Apache with Microsoft Windows

### Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3

# Using Apache With Microsoft Windows

This document explains how to install, configure and run Apache 1.3 under Microsoft Windows. Please note that at this time, Windows support is entirely experimental, and is recommended only for experienced users. The Apache Group does not guarantee that this software will work as documented, or even at all. If you find any bugs, or wish to contribute in other ways, please use our bug reporting page.

Warning: Apache on NT has not yet been optimized for performance. Apache still performs best, and is most reliable on Unix platforms. Over time we will improve NT performance. Folks doing comparative reviews of webserver performance are asked to compare against Apache on a Unix platform such as Solaris, FreeBSD, or Linux.

Most of this document assumes that you are installing Windows from a binary distribution. If you want to compile Apache yourself (possibly to help with development, or to track down bugs), see the section on Compiling Apache for Windows below.

- Requirements
- Downloading Apache for Windows
- Installing Apache for Windows (binary install)
- Running Apache for Windows
- Using Apache for Windows
- Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line
- Running Apache for Windows as a Service
- Signalling Console Apache when running
- Signalling Service Apache when running
- Compiling Apache for Windows

## Requirements

Apache 1.3 is designed to run on Windows NT 4.0. The binary installer will only work in Intel processors. Apache may also run on Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT 3.5.1, but these have not been tested. In all cases TCP/IP networking must be installed.

If running on Windows 95, using the "Winsock2" upgrade is recommended but may not be necessary. If running on NT 4.0, installing Service Pack 2 is recommended.

Note: "Winsock 2" is required for Apache 1.3.7 and later.

"Winsock 2" for Windows 95 is available here.

## Downloading Apache for Windows

Information on the latest version of Apache can be found on the Apache web server at http://www.apache.org/. This will list the current release, any more recent alpha or beta-test releases, together with details of mirror web and anonymous ftp sites.

You should download the version of Apache for Windows with the `.exe` extension. This is a single file containing Apache, ready to install and run. There may also be a `.zip` file containing the source code, to compile Apache yourself. (If there is no `.zip` file, the source will be available in a `.tar.gz` file but this will contain Unix line endings. You will have to convert at least the `.mak` and `.dsp` files to have DOS line endings before MSVC will understand them).

## Installing Apache for Windows

Run the Apache `.exe` file you downloaded above. This will ask for:

- the directory to install Apache into (the default is `\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache` although you can change this to any other directory)
- the start menu name (default is "Apache Web Server")
- the installation type. The "Typical" option installs everything except the source code. The "Minimum" option does not install the manuals or source code. Choose the "Custom" install if you want to install the source code.

During the installation, Apache will configure the files in the `conf` directory for your chosen installation directory. However if any of the files in this directory already exist they will not be overwritten. Instead the new copy of the corresponding file will be left with the extension `.default`. So, for example, if `conf\httpd.conf` already exists it will not be altered, but the version which would have been installed will be left in `conf\httpd.conf.default`. After the installation has finished you should manually check to see what in new in the `.default` file, and if necessary update your existing configuration files.

Also, if you already have a file called `htdocs\index.html` then it will not be overwritten (no `index.html.default` file will be installed either). This should mean it a safe to install Apache over an existing installation (but you will have to stop the existing server running before doing the installation, then start the new one after the installation is finished).

After installing Apache, you should edit the configuration files in the `conf` directory as required. These files will be configured during the install ready for Apache to be run from the directory where it was installed, with the documents served from the subdirectory `htdocs`. There are lots of other options which should be set before you start really using Apache. However to get started quickly the files should work as installed.

## Running Apache for Windows

There are two ways you can run Apache:

- As a "service" (available on NT only). This is the best option if you want Apache to automatically start when you machine boots, and to keep Apache running when you log-off.
- From a console window. This is the only option available for Windows 95 users.

To start Apache as a service, you first need to install it as a service. Multiple Apache services can be installed, each with a different name and configuration. To install the default Apache service named "Apache", run the "Install Apache as Service (NT only)" option from the Start menu. Once this is done you can start the "Apache" service by opening the Services window (in the Control Panel), selecting Apache, then clicking on Start. Apache will now be running in the background. You can later stop Apache by clicking on Stop. As an alternative to using the Services window, you can start and stop the "Apache" service from the control line with

      NET START APACHE
      NET STOP APACHE

See Signalling Service Apache when Running for more information on installing and controlling Apache services.

To run Apache from a console window, select the "Start Apache as console app" option from the Start menu (in Apache 1.3.4 and earlier, this option was called "Apache Server"). This will open a console window and start Apache running inside it. The window will remain active until you stop Apache. To stop Apache running, either select the "Shutdown Apache console app" icon option from the Start menu (this is not available in Apache 1.3.4 or earlier), or see Signalling Console Apache when Running for how to control Apache from the command line.

After starting Apache running (either in a console window or as a service) if will be listening to port 80 (unless you changed the `Port`, `Listen` or `BindAddress` directives in the configuration files). To connect to the server and access the default page, launch a browser and enter this URL:

      http://localhost/

This should respond with a welcome page, and a link to the Apache manual. If nothing happens or you get an error, look in the `error_log` file in the `logs` directory. If your host isn't connected to the net, you may have to use this URL:

      http://127.0.0.1/

Once your basic installation is working, you should configure it properly by editing the files in the `conf` directory.

## Configuring Apache for Windows

Apache is configured by files in the `conf` directory. These are the same as files used to configure the Unix version, but there are a few different directives for Apache on Windows. See the Apache documentation for all the available directives.

The main differences in Apache for Windows are:

- Because Apache for Windows is multithreaded, it does not use a separate process for each request, as Apache does with Unix. Instead there are usually only two Apache processes running: a parent process, and a child which handles the requests. Within the child each request is handled by a separate thread.

  So the "process"-management directives are different:

  MaxRequestsPerChild - Like the Unix directive, this controls how many requests a process will serve before exiting. However, unlike Unix, a process serves all the requests at once, not just one, so if this is set, it is recommended that a very high number is used. The recommended default, `MaxRequestsPerChild 0`, does not cause the process to ever exit.

  ThreadsPerChild - This directive is new, and tells the server how many threads it should use. This is the maximum number of connections the server can handle at once; be sure and set this number high enough for your site if you get a lot of hits. The recommended default is `ThreadsPerChild 50`.

- The directives that accept filenames as arguments now must use Windows filenames instead of Unix ones. However, because Apache uses Unix-style names internally, you must use forward slashes, not backslashes. Drive letters can be used; if omitted, the drive with the Apache executable will be assumed.

- Apache for Windows contains the ability to load modules at runtime, without recompiling the server. If Apache is compiled normally, it will install a number of optional modules in the `\Apache\modules` directory. To activate these, or other modules, the new LoadModule directive must be used. For example, to active the status module, use the following (in addition to the status-activating directives in `access.conf`):

          LoadModule status_module modules/ApacheModuleStatus.dll

  Information on creating loadable modules is also available.

- Apache can also load ISAPI Extensions (i.e., Internet Server Applications), such as those used by Microsoft's IIS, and other Windows servers. More information is available.

## Running Apache for Windows as a Service

Note: The -n option to specify a service name is only available with Apache 1.3.7 and later. Earlier versions of Apache only support the default service name 'Apache'.

You can install Apache as a Windows NT service as follows:

        apache -i -n "service name"

To install a service to use a particular configuration, specify the configuration file when the service is installed:

        apache -i -n "service name" -f "\my server\conf\my.conf"

To remove an Apache service, use

        apache -u -n "service name"

The default "service name", if one is not specified, is "Apache".

Once a service is installed, you can use the `-n` option, in conjunction with other options, to refer to a service's configuration file. For example:
To test a service's configuration file:

        apache -n "service name" -t

To start a console Apache using a service's configuration file:

        apache -n "service name"

## Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line

The Start menu icons and the NT Service manager can provide a simple interface for administering Apache. But in some cases it is easier to work from the command line.

When working with Apache it is important to know how it will find the configuration files. You can specify a configuration file on the command line in two ways:

- -f specifies a path to a particular configuration file

        apache -f "c:\my server\conf\my.conf"

        apache -f test\test.conf

- -n specifies the configuration file of an installed Apache service (Apache 1.3.7 and later)

        apache -n "service name"

In these cases, the proper ServerRoot should be set in the configuration file.

If you don't specify a configuration file name with -f or -n, Apache will use the file name compiled into the server, usually "conf/httpd.conf". Invoking Apache with the -V switch will display this value labeled as SERVER_CONFIG_FILE. Apache will then determine it's ServerRoot by trying the following, in this order:

- A ServerRoot directive via a -C switch.
- The -d switch on the command line.
- Current working directory
- A registry entry, created if you did a binary install.
- The server root compiled into the server.

The server root compiled into the server is usually "/apache". invoking apache with the -V switch will display this value labeled as HTTPD_ROOT.

When invoked from the start menu, Apache is usually passed no arguments, so using the registry entry is the preferred technique for console Apache.

During a binary installation, a registry key will have been installed, for example:

      HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Apache Group\Apache\1.3.4\ServerRoot

This key is compiled into the server and can enable you to test new versions without affecting the current version. Of course you must take care not to install the new version on top of the old version in the file system.

If you did not do a binary install then Apache will in some scenarios complain that about the missing registry key. This warning can be ignored if it otherwise was able to find it's configuration files.

The value of this key is the "ServerRoot" directory, containing the `conf` directory. When Apache starts it will read the `httpd.conf` file from this directory. If this file contains a `ServerRoot` directive which is different from the directory obtained from the registry key above, Apache will forget the registry key and use the directory from the configuration file. If you copy the Apache directory or configuration files to a new location it is vital that you update the `ServerRoot` directory in the `httpd.conf` file to the new location.

To run Apache from the command line as a console application, use the following command:

        apache

Apache will execute, and will remain running until it is stopped by pressing control-C.

## Signalling Service Apache when running

On Windows NT, multiple instances of Apache can be run as services. Signal an Apache service to start, restart, or shutdown as follows:

        apache -n "service name" -k start
        apache -n "service name" -k restart
        apache -n "service name" -k shutdown

In addition, you can use the native NT NET command to start and stop Apache services as follows:

        NET START "service name"
        NET STOP "service name"

## Signalling Console Apache when running

On Windows 95, Apache runs as a console application. You can tell a running Apache to stop by opening another console window and running

        apache -k shutdown

> Note: This option is only available with Apache 1.3.3 and later. For earlier versions, you need to use Control-C in the Apache console window to shut down the server.

This should be used instead of pressing Control-C in the running Apache console window, because it lets Apache end any current transactions and cleanup gracefully.

You can also tell Apache to restart. This makes it re-read the configuration files. Any transactions in progress are allowed to complete without interruption. To restart Apache, run

        apache -k restart

> Note: This option is only available with Apache 1.3.3 and later. For earlier versions, you need to use Control-C in the Apache console window to shut down the server.

Note for people familiar with the Unix version of Apache: these commands provide a Windows equivalent to `kill -TERM pid` and `kill -USR1 pid`. The command line option used, `-k`, was chosen as a reminder of the "kill" command used on Unix.

## Compiling Apache for Windows

Compiling Apache requires Microsoft Visual C++ 5.0 to be properly installed. It is easiest to compile with the command-line tools (nmake, etc...). Consult the VC++ manual to determine how to install them.

First, unpack the Apache distribution into an appropriate directory. Open a command-line prompt, and change to the `src` subdirectory of the Apache distribution.

The master Apache makefile instructions are contained in the `Makefile.nt` file. To compile Apache on Windows NT, simply use one of the following commands:

- `nmake /f Makefile.nt _apacher` (release build)
- `nmake /f Makefile.nt _apached` (debug build)

(1.3.4 and later) To compile Apache on Windows 95, use one of

- `nmake /f Makefile_win32.txt` (release build)
- `nmake /f Makefile_win32_debug.txt` (debug build)

These will both compile Apache. The latter will include debugging information in the resulting files, making it easier to find bugs and track down problems.

Apache can also be compiled using VC++'s Visual Studio development environment. Although compiling Apache in this manner is not as simple, it makes it possible to easily modify the Apache source, or to compile Apache if the command-line tools are not installed. Project files (`.DSP`) are included for each of the portions of Apache. To build Apache from the these projects files you will need to build the following projects in this order:

1. `os\win32\ApacheOS.dsp`
2. `regex\regex.dsp`
3. `ap\ap.dsp`
4. `main\gen_uri_delims.dsp`
5. `main\gen_test_char.dsp`
6. `ApacheCore.dsp`
7. `Apache.dsp`

In addition, the `src\os\win32` subdirectory contains project files for the optional modules (see below).

Once Apache has been compiled, it needs to be installed in its server root directory. The default is the `\Apache` directory, on the current hard drive.

To install the files into the `\Apache` directory automatically, use one the following nmake commands (see above):

- `nmake /f Makefile.nt installr INSTDIR=dir` (for release build)
- `nmake /f Makefile.nt installd INSTDIR=dir` (for debug build)

or, for Windows 95 (1.3.4 and later), use one of:

- `nmake /f Makefile_win32.txt install INSTDIR=dir` (for release build)
- `nmake /f Makefile_win32_debug.txt install INSTDIR=dir` (for debug build)

The dir argument to INSTDIR gives the installation directory; it can be omitted if Apache is to be installed into `\Apache`.

This will install the following:

- `dir\Apache.exe` - Apache executable
- `dir\ApacheCore.dll` - Main Apache shared library
- `dir\modules\ApacheModule*.dll` - Optional Apache modules (7 files)
- `dir\conf` - Empty configuration directory
- `dir\logs` - Empty logging directory

If you do not have nmake, or wish to install in a different directory, be sure to use a similar naming scheme.

Before running the server you must fill out the conf directory. Copy the *.conf-dist-win from the distribution conf directory and rename *.conf. Edit the @@ServerRoot@@ entries to your actual server root (for example "C:\apache"). Copy over the conf/magic and conf/mime.types files as well.

### Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3