PostgreSQL User's Guide
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# GRANT

## Name

GRANT — Grants access privilege to a user, a group or all users

    GRANT privilege [, ...] ON object [, ...]
        TO { PUBLIC | GROUP group | username }

### Inputs

`privilege`

  The possible privileges are:

  SELECT

    Access all of the columns of a specific table/view.

  INSERT

    Insert data into all columns of a specific table.

  UPDATE

    Update all columns of a specific table.

  DELETE

    Delete rows from a specific table.

  RULE

    Define rules on the table/view (See CREATE RULE statement).

  ALL

    Grant all privileges.

`object`

  The name of an object to which to grant access. The possible objects are:

  - table

  - view

  - sequence

PUBLIC

  A short form representing all users.

GROUP `group`

  A `group` to whom to grant privileges.

`username`

  The name of a user to whom grant privileges. PUBLIC is a short form representing all users.

### Outputs

`CHANGE`

  Message returned if successful.

`ERROR: ChangeAcl: class "`object`" not found`

  Message returned if the specified object is not available or if it is impossible to give privileges to the specified group or users.

## Description

GRANT allows the creator of an object to give specific permissions to all users (PUBLIC) or to a certain user or group. Users other than the creator don't have any access permission unless the creator GRANTs permissions, after the object is created.

Once a user has a privilege on an object, he is enabled to exercise that privilege. There is no need to GRANT privileges to the creator of an object, the creator automatically holds ALL privileges, and can also drop the object.

### Notes

Currently, to grant privileges in Postgres to only few columns, you must create a view having desired columns and then grant privileges to that view.

Use psql \z for further information about permissions on existing objects:

    	  Database    = lusitania
       +------------------+---------------------------------------------+
       |  Relation        |        Grant/Revoke Permissions             |
       +------------------+---------------------------------------------+
       | mytable          | {"=rw","miriam=arwR","group todos=rw"}      |
       +------------------+---------------------------------------------+
       Legend:
             uname=arwR -- privileges granted to a user
       group gname=arwR -- privileges granted to a GROUP
                  =arwR -- privileges granted to PUBLIC

                      r -- SELECT
                      w -- UPDATE/DELETE
                      a -- INSERT
                      R -- RULE
                   arwR -- ALL

Refer to REVOKE statements to revoke access privileges.

## Usage

Grant insert privilege to all users on table films:

    GRANT INSERT ON films TO PUBLIC;

Grant all privileges to user manuel on view kinds:

    GRANT ALL ON kinds TO manuel;

## Compatibility

### SQL92

The SQL92 syntax for GRANT allows setting privileges for individual columns within a table, and allows setting a privilege to grant the same privileges to others:

    GRANT privilege [, ...]
        ON object [ ( column [, ...] ) ] [, ...]
        TO { PUBLIC | username [, ...] } [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

Fields are compatible with the those in the Postgres implementation, with the following additions:

`privilege`

  SQL92 permits additional privileges to be specified:

  SELECT

  REFERENCES

    Allowed to reference some or all of the columns of a specific table/view in integrity constraints.

  USAGE

    Allowed to use a domain, character set, collation or translation. If an object specifies anything other than a table/view, `privilege` must specify only USAGE.

`object`

  [ TABLE ] `table`

    SQL92 allows the additional non-functional keyword `TABLE`.

  CHARACTER SET

    Allowed to use the specified character set.

  COLLATION

    Allowed to use the specified collation sequence.

  TRANSLATION

    Allowed to use the specified character set translation.

  DOMAIN

    Allowed to use the specified domain.

  WITH GRANT OPTION

    Allowed to grant the same privilege to others.

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