


IPF(4)                                                     IPF(4)


NAME
       ipf - packet filtering kernel interface

SYNOPSIS
       #include <netinet/ip_compat.h>
       #include <netinet/ip_fil.h>

IOCTLS
       To  add and delete rules to the filter list, three 'basic'
       ioctls are provided for use.  The ioctl's are called as:

            ioctl(fd, SIOCADDFR, struct frentry *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCDELFR, struct frentry *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCIPFFL, int *)

       However, the full complement is as follows:

            ioctl(fd, SIOCADAFR, struct frentry *) (same as SUICADDFR)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCRMAFR, struct frentry *) (same as SUICDELFR)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCADIFR, struct frentry *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCRMIFR, struct frentry *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCINAFR, struct frentry *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCINIFR, struct frentry *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCSETFF, u_int *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOGGETFF, u_int *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCGETFS, struct friostat *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCIPFFL, int *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCIPFFB, int *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCSWAPA, u_int *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCFRENB, u_int *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCFRSYN, u_int *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCFRZST, struct friostat *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCZRLST, struct frentry *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCAUTHW, struct fr_info *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCAUTHR, struct fr_info *)
            ioctl(fd, SIOCATHST, struct fr_authstat *)

       The variations, SIOCADAFR vs. SIOCADIFR,  allow  operation
       on  the two lists, active and inactive, respectively.  All
       of these ioctl's are implemented as being  routing  ioctls
       and thus the same rules for the various routing ioctls and
       the file descriptor are employed, mainly being that the fd
       must  be  that  of  the  device associated with the module
       (i.e., /dev/ipl).


       The three groups of ioctls above perform adding  rules  to
       the  end of the list (SIOCAD*), deletion of rules from any
       place in the list (SIOCRM*) and insertion of a  rule  into
       the  list  (SIOCIN*).   The  rule  place  into which it is
       inserted is stored in the "fr_hits" field, below.

       typedef struct  frentry {
               struct  frentry *fr_next;



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IPF(4)                                                     IPF(4)


               u_short fr_group;       /* group to which this rule belongs */
               u_short fr_grhead;      /* group # which this rule starts */
               struct  frentry *fr_grp;
               int     fr_ref;         /* reference count - for grouping */
               void    *fr_ifa;
       #if BSD >= 199306
               void    *fr_oifa;
       #endif
               /*
                * These are only incremented when a packet  matches this rule and
                * it is the last match
                */
               U_QUAD_T        fr_hits;
               U_QUAD_T        fr_bytes;
               /*
                * Fields after this may not change whilst in the kernel.
                */
               struct  fr_ip   fr_ip;
               struct  fr_ip   fr_mip; /* mask structure */

               u_char  fr_tcpfm;       /* tcp flags mask */
               u_char  fr_tcpf;        /* tcp flags */

               u_short fr_icmpm;       /* data for ICMP packets (mask) */
               u_short fr_icmp;

               u_char  fr_scmp;        /* data for port comparisons */
               u_char  fr_dcmp;
               u_short fr_dport;
               u_short fr_sport;
               u_short fr_stop;        /* top port for <> and >< */
               u_short fr_dtop;        /* top port for <> and >< */
               u_32_t  fr_flags;       /* per-rule flags && options (see below) */
               u_short fr_skip;        /* # of rules to skip */
               u_short fr_loglevel;    /* syslog log facility + priority */
               int     (*fr_func) __P((int, ip_t *, fr_info_t *));
               char    fr_icode;       /* return ICMP code */
               char    fr_ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
       #if BSD > 199306
               char    fr_oifname[IFNAMSIZ];
       #endif
               struct  frdest  fr_tif; /* "to" interface */
               struct  frdest  fr_dif; /* duplicate packet interfaces */
       } frentry_t;

       When adding a new rule, all unused fields (in  the  filter
       rule) should be initialised to be zero.  To insert a rule,
       at a particular position in the filter list, the number of
       the  rule which it is to be inserted before must be put in
       the "fr_hits" field (the first rule is number 0).


       Flags which are recognised in fr_pass:




                                                                2





IPF(4)                                                     IPF(4)


            FR_BLOCK        0x000001   /* do not allow packet to pass */
            FR_PASS         0x000002   /* allow packet to pass */
            FR_OUTQUE       0x000004   /* outgoing packets */
            FR_INQUE        0x000008   /* ingoing packets */
            FR_LOG          0x000010   /* Log */
            FR_LOGB         0x000011   /* Log-fail */
            FR_LOGP         0x000012   /* Log-pass */
            FR_LOGBODY      0x000020   /* log the body of packets too */
            FR_LOGFIRST     0x000040   /* log only the first packet to match */
            FR_RETRST       0x000080   /* return a TCP RST packet if blocked */
            FR_RETICMP      0x000100   /* return an ICMP packet if blocked */
            FR_FAKEICMP     0x00180    /* Return ICMP unreachable with fake source */
            FR_NOMATCH      0x000200   /* no match occured */
            FR_ACCOUNT      0x000400   /* count packet bytes */
            FR_KEEPFRAG     0x000800   /* keep fragment information */
            FR_KEEPSTATE    0x001000   /* keep `connection' state information */
            FR_INACTIVE     0x002000
            FR_QUICK        0x004000   /* match & stop processing list */
            FR_FASTROUTE    0x008000   /* bypass normal routing */
            FR_CALLNOW      0x010000   /* call another function (fr_func) if matches */
            FR_DUP          0x020000   /* duplicate the packet */
            FR_LOGORBLOCK   0x040000   /* block the packet if it can't be logged */
            FR_NOTSRCIP     0x080000   /* not the src IP# */
            FR_NOTDSTIP     0x100000   /* not the dst IP# */
            FR_AUTH         0x200000   /* use authentication */
            FR_PREAUTH      0x400000   /* require preauthentication */


       Values for fr_scomp and fr_dcomp (source  and  destination
       port value comparisons) :

            FR_NONE         0
            FR_EQUAL        1
            FR_NEQUAL       2
            FR_LESST        3
            FR_GREATERT     4
            FR_LESSTE       5
            FR_GREATERTE    6
            FR_OUTRANGE     7
            FR_INRANGE      8

       The  third ioctl, SIOCIPFFL, flushes either the input fil-
       ter list, the output filter list or both  and  it  returns
       the  number of filters removed from the list(s).  The val-
       ues which it will take  and  recognise  are  FR_INQUE  and
       FR_OUTQUE (see above).  This ioctl is also implemented for
       /dev/ipstate and will flush all state  tables  entries  if
       passed  0  or  just all those which are not established if
       passed 1.


       General Logging Flags
       There are two flags which can be set to log packets  inde-
       pendantly  of  the  rules  used.   These allow for packets



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IPF(4)                                                     IPF(4)


       which are either passed or blocked to be logged.   To  set
       (and clear)/get these flags, two ioctls are provided:

       SIOCSETFF       Takes  an  unsigned integer as the parame-
                       ter.  The flags are then set to those pro-
                       vided (clearing/setting all in one).

                            FF_LOGPASS     0x10000000
                            FF_LOGBLOCK    0x20000000
                            FF_LOGNOMATCH  0x40000000
                            FF_BLOCKNONIP  0x80000000    /* Solaris 2.x only */

       SIOCGETFF       Takes  a pointer to an unsigned integer as
                       the parameter.  A copy of the  flags  cur-
                       rently in used is copied to user space.

       Filter statistics
       Statistics  on  the  various  operations performed by this
       package on packets  is  kept  inside  the  kernel.   These
       statistics apply to packets traversing through the kernel.
       To retrieve this structure, use this ioctl:

            ioctl(fd, SIOCGETFS, struct friostat *)

       struct  friostat        {
               struct  filterstats     f_st[2];
               struct  frentry         *f_fin[2];
               struct  frentry         *f_fout[2];
               struct  frentry         *f_acctin[2];
               struct  frentry         *f_acctout[2];
               struct  frentry         *f_auth;
               u_long  f_froute[2];
               int     f_active;       /* 1 or 0 - active rule set */
               int     f_defpass;      /* default pass - from fr_pass */
               int     f_running;      /* 1 if running, else 0 */
               int     f_logging;      /* 1 if enabled, else 0 */
               char    f_version[32];  /* version string */
       };

       struct    filterstats {
               u_long  fr_pass;        /* packets allowed */
               u_long  fr_block;       /* packets denied */
               u_long  fr_nom;         /* packets which don't match any rule */
               u_long  fr_ppkl;        /* packets allowed and logged */
               u_long  fr_bpkl;        /* packets denied and logged */
               u_long  fr_npkl;        /* packets unmatched and logged */
               u_long  fr_pkl;         /* packets logged */
               u_long  fr_skip;        /* packets to be logged but buffer full */
               u_long  fr_ret;         /* packets for which a return is sent */
               u_long  fr_acct;        /* packets for which counting was performed */
               u_long  fr_bnfr;        /* bad attempts to allocate fragment state */
               u_long  fr_nfr;         /* new fragment state kept */
               u_long  fr_cfr;         /* add new fragment state but complete pkt */
               u_long  fr_bads;        /* bad attempts to allocate packet state */



                                                                4





IPF(4)                                                     IPF(4)


               u_long  fr_ads;         /* new packet state kept */
               u_long  fr_chit;        /* cached hit */
               u_long  fr_pull[2];     /* good and bad pullup attempts */
       #if SOLARIS
               u_long  fr_notdata;     /* PROTO/PCPROTO that have no data */
               u_long  fr_nodata;      /* mblks that have no data */
               u_long  fr_bad;         /* bad IP packets to the filter */
               u_long  fr_notip;       /* packets passed through no on ip queue */
               u_long  fr_drop;        /* packets dropped - no info for them! */
       #endif
       };
       If we wanted to retrieve all the statistics and reset  the
       counters back to 0, then the ioctl() call would be made to
       SIOCFRZST rather  than  SIOCGETFS.   In  addition  to  the
       statistics  above,  each  rule keeps a hit count, counting
       both number of packets and bytes.  To reset these counters
       for a rule, load the various rule information into a fren-
       try structure and call SIOCZRLST.

       Swapping Active lists
       IP Filter supports two lists of rules  for  filtering  and
       accounting:  an  active  list  and an inactive list.  This
       allows for large scale rule base  changes  to  be  put  in
       place  atomically  with  otherwise  minimal  interruption.
       Which of the two is active can be changed using the  SIOC-
       SWAPA ioctl.  It is important to note that no passed argu-
       ment is recognised and that the value returned is that  of
       the list which is now inactive.

FILES
       /dev/ipauth
       /dev/ipl
       /dev/ipnat
       /dev/ipstate

SEE ALSO
       ipl(4), ipnat(4), ipf(5), ipf(8), ipfstat(8)




















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