


PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


NAME
       perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

DESCRIPTION
       This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest
       of the Perl documentation set.  It is meant to be scanned
       quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section
       you're looking for.

BASIC DOCUMENTATION
       perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           modularity and reusability using innumerable modules,
           embeddable and extensible, roll-your-own magic vari-
           ables (including multiple simultaneous DBM implementa-
           tions), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded,
           and prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and
           anonymous functions, object-oriented programming, com-
           pilability into C code or Perl bytecode, support for
           light-weight processes (threads), support for interna-
           tionalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical
           scoping, regular expression enhancements, enhanced
           debugger and interactive Perl environment, with inte-
           grated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library

       AVAILABILITY

       ENVIRONMENT

       AUTHOR

       FILES

       SEE ALSO

       DIAGNOSTICS

       BUGS

       NOTES

       perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date:
       1999/05/23

       20:38:02 $)" 20:38:02 $)"

       DESCRIPTION
           perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the perlfaq1
           manpage: General Questions About Perl, What is Perl?,
           Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?,



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4
           and perl5?, What is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is
           Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl compare with
           other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or
           Tcl?, Can I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I pro-
           gram in Perl?, What's the difference between "perl"
           and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?,
           What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall
           witticisms?, How can I convince my sysadmin/supervi-
           sor/employees to use version (5/5.005/Perl instead of
           some other language)?, the perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining
           and Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl?
           Where do I get it?, How can I get a binary version of
           Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my system.  How
           can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one
           machine to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed
           the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
           loading/malloc/linking/... failed.  How do I make it
           work?, What modules and extensions are available for
           Perl?  What is CPAN?  What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is
           there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?, Where
           can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl
           newsgroups on USENET?  Where do I post questions?,
           Where should I post source code?, Perl Books, Perl in
           Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access, What
           mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of
           comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial ver-
           sion of Perl?, Where do I send bug reports?, What is
           perl.com?, the perlfaq3 manpage: Programming Tools,
           How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interac-
           tively?, Is there a Perl shell?, How do I debug my
           Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl programs?,
           How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a
           pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags
           for Perl?, Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?,
           Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where can I get
           perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?,
           How can I use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate
           simple menus without using CGI or Tk?, What is
           undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?,
           How can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is
           it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?, How can
           I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?, How
           can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I
           hide the source for my Perl program?, How can I com-
           pile my Perl program into byte code or C?, How can I
           compile Perl into Java?, How can I get `#!perl' to
           work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl pro-
           grams on the command line?, Why don't perl one-liners
           work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can I learn
           about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I
           learn about object-oriented Perl programming?, Where
           can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp],
           I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           perl inmy C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I
           tried to run my script, I got this message. What does
           itmean?, What's MakeMaker?, the perlfaq4 manpage: Data
           Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg,
           19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be
           getting (eg, 19.95)?, Why isn't my octal data inter-
           preted correctly?, Does Perl have a round() function?
           What about ceil() and floor()?  Trig functions?, How
           do I convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the
           way I want it to?, How do I multiply matrices?, How do
           I perform an operation on a series of integers?, How
           can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random
           numbers random?, How do I find the week-of-the-
           year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current cen-
           tury or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and
           find the difference?, How can I take a string and turn
           it into epoch seconds?, How can I find the Julian
           Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have
           a year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I
           validate input?, How do I unescape a string?, How do I
           remove consecutive pairs of characters?, How do I
           expand function calls in a string?, How do I find
           matching/nesting anything?, How do I reverse a
           string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?, How do I
           reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the
           first N letters of a string?, How do I change the Nth
           occurrence of something?, How can I count the number
           of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do
           I capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I
           split a [character] delimited string except when
           inside[character]? (Comma-separated files), How do I
           strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?,
           How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with
           zeroes?, How do I extract selected columns from a
           string?, How do I find the soundex value of a string?,
           How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's
           wrong with always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my
           <<HERE documents work?, What is the difference between
           a list and an array?, What is the difference between
           $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate
           elements from a list or array?, How can I tell whether
           a list or array contains a certain element?, How do I
           compute the difference of two arrays?  How do I com-
           pute the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test
           whether two arrays or hashes are equal?, How do I find
           the first array element for which a condition is
           true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle
           circular lists?, How do I shuffle an array randomly?,
           How do I process/modify each element of an array?, How
           do I select a random element from an array?, How do I
           permute N elements of a list?, How do I sort an array
           by (anything)?, How do I manipulate arrays of bits?,
           Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and
           hashes?, How do I process an entire hash?, What



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           happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
           iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash element by
           value?, How can I know how many entries are in a
           hash?, How do I sort a hash (optionally by value
           instead of key)?, How can I always keep my hash
           sorted?, What's the difference between "delete" and
           "undef" with hashes?, Why don't my tied hashes make
           the defined/exists distinction?, How do I reset an
           each() operation part-way through?, How can I get the
           unique keys from two hashes?, How can I store a multi-
           dimensional array in a DBM file?, How can I make my
           hash remember the order I put elements into it?, Why
           does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a
           hash create it?, How can I make the Perl equivalent of
           a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or
           arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How
           do I handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine
           whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?, How
           do I keep persistent data across program calls?, How
           do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?,
           How do I define methods for every class/object?, How
           do I verify a credit card checksum?, How do I pack
           arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?, the perlfaq5
           manpage: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an
           output filehandle?  Why must I do this?, How do I
           change one line in a file/delete a line in a
           file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to
           the beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of
           lines in a file?, How do I make a temporary file
           name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length
           files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subrou-
           tine?  How do I pass filehandles between subroutines?
           How do I make an array of filehandles?, How can I use
           a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer
           format to be used with write()?, How can I write()
           into a string?, How can I output my numbers with com-
           mas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a file-
           name?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes
           it out?, Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too
           long" when I use <*>?, Is there a leak/bug in glob()?,
           How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing
           blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I
           lock a file?, Why can't I just open(FH,
           ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking.  I just
           want to increment the number in the file.  How can I
           do this?, How do I randomly update a binary file?, How
           do I get a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I set a
           file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than
           one file at once?, How can I read in an entire file
           all at once?, How can I read in a file by paragraphs?,
           How can I read a single character from a file?  From
           the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a char-
           acter waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a `tail
           -f' in perl?, How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?,



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           How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why can't
           I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  What doesn't
           `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get
           all the files?, Why does Perl let me delete read-only
           files?  Why does `-i' clobber protected files?  Isn't
           this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line
           from a file?, Why do I get weird spaces when I print
           an array of lines?, the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, How
           can I hope to use regular expressions without creating
           illegible and unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble
           matching over more than one line.  What's wrong?, How
           can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
           themselves on different lines?, I put a regular
           expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?,
           How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but
           preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make `\w' match
           national character sets?, How can I match a locale-
           smart version of `/[a-zA-Z]/'?, How can I quote a
           variable to use in a regex?, What is `/o' really for?,
           How do I use a regular expression to strip C style
           comments from a file?, Can I use Perl regular expres-
           sions to match balanced text?, What does it mean that
           regexes are greedy?  How can I get around it?, How do
           I process each word on each line?, How can I print out
           a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?, How can I
           do approximate matching?, How do I efficiently match
           many regular expressions at once?, Why don't word-
           boundary searches with `\b' work for me?, Why does
           using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?, What good
           is `\G' in a regular expression?, Are Perl regexes
           DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong
           with using grep or map in a void context?, How can I
           match strings with multibyte characters?, How do I
           match a pattern that is supplied by the user?, the
           perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues, Can I
           get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?, What are all
           these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when
           to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my
           strings or use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip
           some return values?, How do I temporarily block warn-
           ings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators
           have different precedence than C operators?, How do I
           declare/create a structure?, How do I create a mod-
           ule?, How do I create a class?, How can I tell if a
           variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is vari-
           able suicide and how can I prevent it?, How can I
           pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash,
           Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?,
           What's the difference between dynamic and lexical
           (static) scoping?  Between local() and my()?, How can
           I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named
           lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between
           deep and shallow binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) =
           <FILE>;" work right?, How do I redefine a builtin



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           function, operator, or method?, What's the difference
           between calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do
           I create a switch or case statement?, How can I catch
           accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?,
           Why can't a method included in this same file be
           found?, How can I find out my current package?, How
           can I comment out a large block of perl code?, How do
           I clear a package?, How can I use a variable as a
           variable name?, the perlfaq8 manpage: System Interac-
           tion, How do I find out which operating system I'm
           running under?, How come exec() doesn't return?, How
           do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?,
           How do I print something out in color?, How do I read
           just one key without waiting for a return key?, How do
           I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?, How
           do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?,
           How do I ask the user for a password?, How do I read
           and write the serial port?, How do I decode encrypted
           password files?, How do I start a process in the back-
           ground?, How do I trap control characters/signals?,
           How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix
           system?, How do I set the time and date?, How can I
           sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I mea-
           sure time under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or
           setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling), Why doesn't
           my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
           What does the error message "Protocol not supported"
           mean?, How can I call my system's unique C functions
           from Perl?, Where do I get the include files to do
           ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts com-
           plain about kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe
           both to and from a command?, Why can't I get the out-
           put of a command with system()?, How can I capture
           STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open()
           return an error when a pipe open fails?, What's wrong
           with using backticks in a void context?, How can I
           call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my
           script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on
           Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I convert my shell
           script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp
           session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a
           way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
           "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my environment}
           in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when
           I exited the script?  How do I get my changes to be
           visible?, How do I close a process's filehandle with-
           out waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a dae-
           mon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and
           csh?, How do I find out if I'm running interactively
           or not?, How do I timeout a slow event?, How do I set
           CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?,
           How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a sys-
           tem() exit on control-C?, How do I open a file without
           blocking?, How do I install a module from CPAN?,



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           What's the difference between require and use?, How do
           I keep my own module/library directory?, How do I add
           the directory my program lives in to the mod-
           ule/library search path?, How do I add a directory to
           my include path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and
           where do I get it?, the perlfaq9 manpage: Networking,
           My CGI script runs from the command line but not the
           browser.  (500 Server Error), How can I get better
           error messages from a CGI program?, How do I remove
           HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How do I
           download a file from the user's machine?  How do I
           open a file on another machine?, How do I make a pop-
           up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an HTML file?, How do
           I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode
           or create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I
           redirect to another page?, How do I put a password on
           my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup
           files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter
           values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad
           things?, How do I parse a mail header?, How do I
           decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail
           address?, How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How
           do I return the user's mail address?, How do I send
           mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my host-
           name/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news
           article or the active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put
           an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in Perl?

           Where to get this document

           How to contribute to this document

           What will happen if you mail your Perl programming
           problems to the authors

       Credits

       Author and Copyright Information

           Bundled Distributions

           Disclaimer

       Changes
           23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
           24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97,
           17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97

       perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.4 $,
       $Date:

       1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)" 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)"





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       DESCRIPTION

           What is Perl?

           Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?

           Which version of Perl should I use?

           What are perl4 and perl5?

           What is perl6?

           How stable is Perl?

           Is Perl difficult to learn?

           How does Perl compare with other languages like Java,
           Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?

           Can I do [task] in Perl?

           When shouldn't I program in Perl?

           What's the difference between ""perl"" and ""Perl""?

           Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?

           What is a JAPH?

           Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?

           How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to
           use ver- sion (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other lan-
           guage)?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision:
       1.4 $,

       $Date: 2000/04/06 17:07:40 $)" $Date: 2000/04/06 17:07:40
       $)"

       DESCRIPTION

           What machines support Perl?  Where do I get it?

           How can I get a binary version of Perl?

           I don't have a C compiler on my system.  How can I
           compile perl?

           I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another,
           but scripts don't work.



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but
           gdbm/dynamic load- ing/malloc/linking/... failed.  How
           do I make it work?

           What modules and extensions are available for Perl?
           What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?

           Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?

           Where can I get information on Perl?

           What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet?  Where do I
           post ques- tions?

           Where should I post source code?

           Perl Books
               References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Top-
               ics

           Perl in Magazines

           Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access

           What mailing lists are there for Perl?

           Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc

           Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?

           Where do I send bug reports?

           What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date:
       1999/05/23

       16:08:30 $)" 16:08:30 $)"

       DESCRIPTION

           How do I do (anything)?

           How can I use Perl interactively?

           Is there a Perl shell?

           How do I debug my Perl programs?

           How do I profile my Perl programs?





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

           Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

           Is there a ctags for Perl?

           Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?

           Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

           Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

           How can I use curses with Perl?

           How can I use X or Tk with Perl?

           How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or
           Tk?

           What is undump?

           How can I make my Perl program run faster?

           How can I make my Perl program take less memory?

           Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?

           How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?

           How can I make my CGI script more efficient?

           How can I hide the source for my Perl program?

           How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

           How can I compile Perl into Java?

           How can I get `#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?

           Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?

           Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS sys-
           tem?

           Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in
           Perl?

           Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl program-
           ming?

           Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs,
           xsubpp]





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed
           perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?

           When I tried to run my script, I got this message.
           What does it mean?

           What's MakeMaker?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date:
       1999/05/23

       20:37:49 $)" 20:37:49 $)"

       DESCRIPTION

       Data: Numbers

           Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999)
           instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg,
           19.95)?

           Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?

           Does Perl have a round() function?  What about ceil()
           and floor()? Trig functions?

           How do I convert bits into ints?

           Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?

           How do I multiply matrices?

           How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?

           How can I output Roman numerals?

           Why aren't my random numbers random?

       Data: Dates

           How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?

           How do I find the current century or millennium?

           How can I compare two dates and find the difference?

           How can I take a string and turn it into epoch sec-
           onds?

           How can I find the Julian Day?





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           How do I find yesterday's date?

           Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K com-
           pliant?

       Data: Strings

           How do I validate input?

           How do I unescape a string?

           How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?

           How do I expand function calls in a string?

           How do I find matching/nesting anything?

           How do I reverse a string?

           How do I expand tabs in a string?

           How do I reformat a paragraph?

           How can I access/change the first N letters of a
           string?

           How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?

           How can I count the number of occurrences of a
           substring within a string?

           How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

           How can I split a [character] delimited string except
           when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)

           How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a
           string?

           How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with
           zeroes?

           How do I extract selected columns from a string?

           How do I find the soundex value of a string?

           How can I expand variables in text strings?

           What's wrong with always quoting ""$vars""?

           Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
               1. There must be no space after the << part, 2.
               There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end,
               3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of



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               the tag

       Data: Arrays

           What is the difference between a list and an array?

           What is the difference between $array[1] and
           @array[1]?

           How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or
           array?
               a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be
               sorted:(this assumes all true values in the
               array), b) If you don't know whether @in is
               sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small
               integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any loops or
               greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small
               positive integers:

           How can I tell whether a list or array contains a
           certain ele- ment?

           How do I compute the difference of two arrays?  How do
           I compute the intersection of two arrays?

           How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?

           How do I find the first array element for which a
           condition is true?

           How do I handle linked lists?

           How do I handle circular lists?

           How do I shuffle an array randomly?

           How do I process/modify each element of an array?

           How do I select a random element from an array?

           How do I permute N elements of a list?

           How do I sort an array by (anything)?

           How do I manipulate arrays of bits?

           Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and
           hashes?

       Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

           How do I process an entire hash?





2000-04-06                 perl v5.6.0                         13





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           What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
           iterating over it?

           How do I look up a hash element by value?

           How can I know how many entries are in a hash?

           How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of
           key)?

           How can I always keep my hash sorted?

           What's the difference between ""delete"" and ""undef""
           with hashes?

           Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists dis-
           tinction?

           How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

           How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?

           How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM
           file?

           How can I make my hash remember the order I put
           elements into it?

           Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in
           a hash cre- ate it?

           How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C
           structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?

           How can I use a reference as a hash key?

       Data: Misc

           How do I handle binary data correctly?

           How do I determine whether a scalar is a num-
           ber/whole/inte- ger/float?

           How do I keep persistent data across program calls?

           How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?

           How do I define methods for every class/object?

           How do I verify a credit card checksum?

           How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?





2000-04-06                 perl v5.6.0                         14





PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date:
       1999/05/23

       16:08:30 $)" 16:08:30 $)"

       DESCRIPTION

           How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle?  Why
           must I do this?

           How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a
           file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to
           the beginning of a file?

           How do I count the number of lines in a file?

           How do I make a temporary file name?

           How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?

           How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine?
           How do I pass filehandles between subroutines?  How do
           I make an array of file- handles?

           How can I use a filehandle indirectly?

           How can I set up a footer format to be used with
           write()?

           How can I write() into a string?

           How can I output my numbers with commas added?

           How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

           How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it
           out?

           Why do I sometimes get an ""Argument list too long""
           when I use <*>?

           Is there a leak/bug in glob()?

           How can I open a file with a leading "">"" or trailing
           blanks?

           How can I reliably rename a file?

           How can I lock a file?

           Why can't I just open(FH, "">file.lock"")?




2000-04-06                 perl v5.6.0                         15





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           I still don't get locking.  I just want to increment
           the number in the file.  How can I do this?

           How do I randomly update a binary file?

           How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?

           How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?

           How do I print to more than one file at once?

           How can I read in an entire file all at once?

           How can I read in a file by paragraphs?

           How can I read a single character from a file?  From
           the key- board?

           How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on
           a filehan- dle?

           How do I do a `tail -f' in perl?

           How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?

           How do I close a file descriptor by number?

           Why can't I use ""C:\temp\foo"" in DOS paths?  What
           doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?

           Why doesn't glob(""*.*"") get all the files?

           Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?  Why does
           `-i' clob- ber protected files?  Isn't this a bug in
           Perl?

           How do I select a random line from a file?

           Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of
           lines?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2000/04/06
       17:07:40 $)


       DESCRIPTION

           How can I hope to use regular expressions without
           creating illeg- ible and unmaintainable code?
               Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the
               Regex, Different Delimiters




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           I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
           What's wrong?

           How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
           themselves on different lines?

           I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work.
           What's wrong?

           How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but
           preserving case on the RHS?

           How can I make `\w' match national character sets?

           How can I match a locale-smart version of
           `/[a-zA-Z]/'?

           How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?

           What is `/o' really for?

           How do I use a regular expression to strip C style
           comments from a file?

           Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced
           text?

           What does it mean that regexes are greedy?  How can I
           get around it?

           How do I process each word on each line?

           How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency
           summary?

           How can I do approximate matching?

           How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at
           once?

           Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b' work for
           me?

           Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?

           What good is `\G' in a regular expression?

           Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compli-
           ant?

           What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?

           How can I match strings with multibyte characters?




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           How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date:

       1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)" 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)"

       DESCRIPTION

           Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

           What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do
           I know when to use them?

           Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use
           semicolons and commas?

           How do I skip some return values?

           How do I temporarily block warnings?

           What's an extension?

           Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C
           operators?

           How do I declare/create a structure?

           How do I create a module?

           How do I create a class?

           How can I tell if a variable is tainted?

           What's a closure?

           What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?

           How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array,
           Hash, Method, Regex}?
               Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehan-
               dles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods

           How do I create a static variable?

           What's the difference between dynamic and lexical
           (static) scop- ing? Between local() and my()?

           How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
           named lexi- cal is in scope?

           What's the difference between deep and shallow bind-
           ing?



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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           Why doesn't ""my($foo) = <FILE>;"" work right?

           How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or
           method?

           What's the difference between calling a function as
           &foo and foo()?

           How do I create a switch or case statement?

           How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/func-
           tions/meth- ods?

           Why can't a method included in this same file be
           found?

           How can I find out my current package?

           How can I comment out a large block of perl code?

           How do I clear a package?

           How can I use a variable as a variable name?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date:
       1999/05/23

       18:37:57 $)" 18:37:57 $)"

       DESCRIPTION

           How do I find out which operating system I'm running
           under?

           How come exec() doesn't return?

           How do I do fancy stuff with the key-
           board/screen/mouse?
               Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

           How do I print something out in color?

           How do I read just one key without waiting for a
           return key?

           How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?

           How do I clear the screen?

           How do I get the screen size?





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           How do I ask the user for a password?

           How do I read and write the serial port?
               lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing out-
               put, non-blocking input

           How do I decode encrypted password files?

           How do I start a process in the background?
               STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals,
               Zombies

           How do I trap control characters/signals?

           How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix
           system?

           How do I set the time and date?

           How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?

           How can I measure time under a second?

           How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()?
           (Exception han- dling)

           Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V
           (Solaris)? What does the error message ""Protocol not
           supported"" mean?

           How can I call my system's unique C functions from
           Perl?

           Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or
           syscall()?

           Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel prob-
           lems?

           How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?

           Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?

           How can I capture STDERR from an external command?

           Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open
           fails?

           What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?

           How can I call backticks without shell processing?

           Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it
           EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?



2000-04-06                 perl v5.6.0                         20





PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           How can I convert my shell script to perl?

           Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?

           How can I write expect in Perl?

           Is there a way to hide perl's command line from
           programs such as ""ps""?

           I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a
           perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
           exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visi-
           ble?
               Unix

           How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting
           for it to complete?

           How do I fork a daemon process?

           How do I make my program run with sh and csh?

           How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?

           How do I timeout a slow event?

           How do I set CPU limits?

           How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?

           How do I use an SQL database?

           How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

           How do I open a file without blocking?

           How do I install a module from CPAN?

           What's the difference between require and use?

           How do I keep my own module/library directory?

           How do I add the directory my program lives in to the
           mod- ule/library search path?

           How do I add a directory to my include path at run-
           time?

           What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT






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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
       16:08:30

       $)" $)"

       DESCRIPTION

           My CGI script runs from the command line but not the
           browser. (500 Server Error)

           How can I get better error messages from a CGI pro-
           gram?

           How do I remove HTML from a string?

           How do I extract URLs?

           How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How
           do I open a file on another machine?

           How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?

           How do I fetch an HTML file?

           How do I automate an HTML form submission?

           How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the
           web?

           How do I redirect to another page?

           How do I put a password on my web pages?

           How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with
           Perl?

           How do I make sure users can't enter values into a
           form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?

           How do I parse a mail header?

           How do I decode a CGI form?

           How do I check a valid mail address?

           How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?

           How do I return the user's mail address?

           How do I send mail?

           How do I read mail?





2000-04-06                 perl v5.6.0                         22





PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?

           How do I fetch a news article or the active news-
           groups?

           How do I fetch/put an FTP file?

           How can I do RPC in Perl?

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0


       DESCRIPTION

       Core Enhancements

           Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency

           Lexically scoped warning categories

           Unicode and UTF-8 support

           Support for interpolating named characters

           ""our"" declarations

           Support for strings represented as a vector of ordi-
           nals

           Improved Perl version numbering system

           New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes

           File and directory handles can be autovivified

           open() with more than two arguments

           64-bit support

           Large file support

           Long doubles

           ""more bits""

           Enhanced support for sort() subroutines

           `sort $coderef @foo' allowed

           File globbing implemented internally
               Support for CHECK blocks




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           POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
               Better pseudo-random number generator

           Improved `qw//' operator
               Better worst-case behavior of hashes

           pack() format 'Z' supported

           pack() format modifier '!' supported

           pack() and unpack() support counted strings

           Comments in pack() templates

           Weak references

           Binary numbers supported

           Lvalue subroutines

           Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references

           Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues

           exists() is supported on subroutine names

           exists() and delete() are supported on array elements

           Pseudo-hashes work better

           Automatic flushing of output buffers

           Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle opera-
           tions

           Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped
           input filehan- dle

           eof() has the same old magic as <>

           binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes

           `-T' filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as
           ""text""

           system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec()
           failure

           Improved diagnostics

           Diagnostics follow STDERR
               More consistent close-on-exec behavior





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           syswrite() ease-of-use

           Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators

           Bit operators support full native integer width

           Improved security features
               More functional bareword prototype (*)

           `require' and `do' may be overridden

           $^X variables may now have names longer than one char-
           acter

           New variable $^C reflects `-c' switch

           New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string

           Optional Y2K warnings

       Modules and Pragmata

           Modules
               attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant,
               charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File,
               Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader,
               English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find,
               File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
               Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
               Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser,
               Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker,
               Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podse-
               lect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and
               Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
               Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM
               Filters

           Pragmata

       Utility Changes

           dprofpp

           find2perl

           h2xs

           perlcc

           perldoc

           The Perl Debugger





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Improved Documentation
           perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbm-
           filter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perl-
           fork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlin-
           tern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopen-
           tut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod,
           perlunicode.pod

       Performance enhancements

           Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are
           optimized

           Optimized assignments to lexical variables

           Faster subroutine calls
               delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are
               faster

       Installation and Configuration Improvements

           -Dusethreads means something different

           New Configure flags

           Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring

           Long Doubles

           -Dusemorebits

           -Duselargefiles

           installusrbinperl

           SOCKS support

           `-A' flag

           Enhanced Installation Directories

       Platform specific changes

           Supported platforms

           DOS

           OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)

           VMS

           Win32





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Significant bug fixes

           <HANDLE> on empty files

           `eval '...'' improvements

           All compilation errors are true errors

           Implicitly closed filehandles are safer

           Behavior of list slices is more consistent

           `(\$)' prototype and `$foo{a}'

           `goto &sub' and AUTOLOAD

           `-bareword' allowed under `use integer'

           Failures in DESTROY()

           Locale bugs fixed

           Memory leaks

           Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine
           calls

           Taint failures under `-U'

           END blocks and the `-c' switch

           Potential to leak DATA filehandles

       New or Changed Diagnostics
           "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s,
           "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s rede-
           clared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take
           a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be
           followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric
           type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through,
           /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
           passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as
           "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s
           argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument
           is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument
           is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may
           clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s,
           <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
           substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword
           found in conditional, Binary number >
           0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit
           vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in
           prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script
           "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",



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           Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD,
           forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine
           call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s,
           skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine,
           Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:]
           unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside
           character classes, Constant is not %s reference, con-
           stant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword,
           defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is dep-
           recated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
           "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data,
           entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in
           regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock()
           on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
           explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff
           non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-
           formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary
           digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
           number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number,
           Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s,
           invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator
           character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator
           character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving
           effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not
           implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
           %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open,
           Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No
           package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No
           space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information;
           assuming local time is UTC, Octal number >
           037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic:
           kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs,
           Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible Y2K
           bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME :
           ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers,
           Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack
           overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Refer-
           ence is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments,
           Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching
           effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset
           CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
           environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block,
           Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent mes-
           sage to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c
           passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in
           attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Untermi-
           nated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute
           list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
           CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a
           constant number

       New tests





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       Incompatible Changes

           Perl Source Incompatibilities
               CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices
               of undef has changed

           Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different
               Literals of the form `1.2.3' parse differently,
               Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator,
               Hashing function for hash keys has changed,
               `undef' fails on read only values, Close-on-exec
               bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing
               `"$$1"' to mean `"${$}1"' is unsupported,
               delete(), values() and `\(%h)' operate on aliases
               to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
               enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnos-
               tic output has changed, `%@' has been removed,
               Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
               Semantics of bareword prototype `(*)' have changed

           Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit
           platforms

           More builtins taint their results

           C Source Incompatibilities
               `PERL_POLLUTE', `PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT',
               `PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC'

           Compatible C Source API Changes
               `PATCHLEVEL' is now `PERL_VERSION'

           Binary Incompatibilities

       Known Problems

           Thread test failures

           EBCDIC platforms not supported

           In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang

           NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure

           Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test
           failure with gcc

           UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run

           Arrow operator and arrays

           Windows 2000





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           Experimental features
               Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subrou-
               tines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type,
               The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of
               file globbing, The DB module, The regular expres-
               sion constructs `(?{ code })' and `(??{ code })'

       Obsolete Diagnostics
           Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
           extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
           prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s,
           regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
           "${$}<digit>" is deprecated

       Reporting Bugs

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       perldata - Perl data types


       DESCRIPTION

           Variable names

           Context

           Scalar values

           Scalar value constructors

           List value constructors

           Slices

           Typeglobs and Filehandles

       SEE ALSO

       perlsyn - Perl syntax


       DESCRIPTION

           Declarations

           Simple statements

           Compound statements

           Loop Control




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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           For Loops

           Foreach Loops

           Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements

           Goto

           PODs: Embedded Documentation

           Plain Old Comments (Not!)

       perlop - Perl operators and precedence


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Terms and List Operators (Leftward)

           The Arrow Operator

           Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

           Exponentiation

           Symbolic Unary Operators

           Binding Operators

           Multiplicative Operators

           Additive Operators

           Shift Operators

           Named Unary Operators

           Relational Operators

           Equality Operators

           Bitwise And

           Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

           C-style Logical And

           C-style Logical Or

           Range Operators





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           Conditional Operator

           Assignment Operators

           Comma Operator

           List Operators (Rightward)

           Logical Not

           Logical And

           Logical or and Exclusive Or

           C Operators Missing From Perl
               unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

           Quote and Quote-like Operators

           Regexp Quote-Like Operators
               ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx,
               q/STRING/, `'STRING'', qq/STRING/, "STRING",
               qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
               s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCH-
               LIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACE-
               MENTLIST/cdsUC

           Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
               Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before
               delimiters, Interpolation, `<<'EOF'', `m''',
               `s'''', `tr///', `y///', `''', `q//', `""', ```',
               `qq//', `qx//', `<file*glob>', `?RE?', `/RE/',
               `m/RE/', `s/RE/foo/',, Interpolation of regular
               expressions, Optimization of regular expressions

           I/O Operators

           Constant Folding

           Bitwise String Operators

           Integer Arithmetic

           Floating-point Arithmetic

           Bigger Numbers

       perlre - Perl regular expressions


       DESCRIPTION
           i, m, s, x





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           Regular Expressions
               cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit

           Extended Patterns
               `(?#text)', `(?imsx-imsx)', `(?:pattern)',
               `(?imsx-imsx:pattern)', `(?=pattern)', `(?!pat-
               tern)', `(?<=pattern)', `(?<!pattern)', `(?{ code
               })', `(??{ code })', `(?>pattern)', `(?(condi-
               tion)yes-pattern|no-pattern)', `(?(condi-
               tion)yes-pattern)'

           Backtracking

           Version 8 Regular Expressions

           Warning on \1 vs $1

           Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring

           Combining pieces together
               `ST', `S|T', `S{REPEAT_COUNT}', `S{min,max}',
               `S{min,max}?', `S?', `S*', `S+', `S??', `S*?',
               `S+?', `(?>S)', `(?=S)', `(?<=S)', `(?!S)',
               `(?<!S)', `(??{ EXPR })', `(?(condition)yes-pat-
               tern|no-pattern)'

           Creating custom RE engines

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
               OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS

           Location of Perl

           Command Switches
               -0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo, -Dletters,
               -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[exten-
               sion], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module,
               -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]mod-
               ule=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u, -U,
               -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x directory

       ENVIRONMENT
           HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB,



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           PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port),
           PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL

       perlfunc - Perl builtin functions


       DESCRIPTION

           Perl Functions by Category
               Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expres-
               sions and pattern matching, Numeric functions,
               Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list
               data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output
               functions, Functions for fixed length data or
               records, Functions for filehandles, files, or
               directories, Keywords related to the control flow
               of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping,
               Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes
               and process groups, Keywords related to perl mod-
               ules, Keywords related to classes and object-ori-
               entedness, Low-level socket functions, System V
               interprocess communication functions, Fetching
               user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-
               related functions, Functions new in perl5, Func-
               tions obsoleted in perl5

           Portability

           Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
               -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept
               NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm,
               atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE,
               DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASS-
               NAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR,
               chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp,
               chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr
               NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILE-
               HANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect
               SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt
               PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
               HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
               EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do
               EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE,
               eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
               exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp
               EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
               fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
               fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHAN-
               DLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp
               PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
               NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetby-
               name NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, get-
               grgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
               ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,



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               getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO,
               getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getpro-
               toent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
               STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAY-
               OPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
               endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
               getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPT-
               NAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
               goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
               EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUB-
               STR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int,
               ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST,
               keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc
               EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR,
               length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUE-
               SIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR,
               log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map
               BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
               mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
               KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd
               ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next
               LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
               FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
               FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord,
               our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package
               NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY,
               pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print
               LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
               printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push
               ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/,
               qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
               rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHAN-
               DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHAN-
               DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline
               EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv
               SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref
               EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VER-
               SION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
               return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
               DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex
               STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
               EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
               DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select
               RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEM-
               NUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop
               KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send
               SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
               WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPT-
               NAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl
               ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
               ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
               shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR,
               sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socket-
               pair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort



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               SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice
               ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFF-
               SET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY,
               split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
               split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt
               EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE,
               stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
               sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFF-
               SET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,
               substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
               syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
               sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
               FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHAN-
               DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSI-
               TION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST,
               syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
               FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHAN-
               DLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHAN-
               DLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE,
               time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH,
               truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
               ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef,
               unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie
               VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION
               LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use
               Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
               EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantar-
               ray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR,
               write, y///

       perlvar - Perl predefined variables


       DESCRIPTION

           Predefined Names
               $ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`,
               $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+, $MULTI-
               LINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR,
               $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator
               HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
               autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, out-
               put_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUT-
               PUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_sepa-
               rator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
               $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR,
               $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
               EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, for-
               mat_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FOR-
               MAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE
               EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, `$`' is the same
               as `substr($var, 0, $-[0]'), `$&' is the same as
               `substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]'), `$'' is the
               same as `substr($var, $+[0]'), `$1' is the same as



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               `substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])', `$2' is the
               same as `substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])', `$3'
               is the same as `substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] -
               $-[3]'), format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME,
               $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME,
               $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR,
               $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed
               HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR,
               $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!,
               $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PRO-
               CESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
               $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
               $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PRO-
               GRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUG-
               GING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
               $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB,
               $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40,
               0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
               $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T,
               $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARN-
               ING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXE-
               CUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
               %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}

           Error Indicators

           Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

       BUGS

       perlsub - Perl subroutines


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Private Variables via my()

           Persistent Private Variables

           Temporary Values via local()

           Lvalue subroutines

           Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)

           When to Still Use local()
               1. You need to give a global variable a temporary
               value, especially $_, 2.  You need to create a
               local file or directory handle or a local func-
               tion, 3.  You want to temporarily change just one
               element of an array or hash




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           Pass by Reference

           Prototypes

           Constant Functions

           Overriding Built-in Functions

           Autoloading

           Subroutine Attributes

       SEE ALSO

       perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)


       DESCRIPTION

           Packages

           Symbol Tables

           Package Constructors and Destructors

           Perl Classes

           Perl Modules

       SEE ALSO

       perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding
       existing ones


       DESCRIPTION

       THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

           Pragmatic Modules
               attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller,
               charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields,
               filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, over-
               load, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warn-
               ings

           Standard Modules
               AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
               B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
               B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
               B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Bench-
               mark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
               CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
               CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox,



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               Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB,
               DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek,
               Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
               DynaLoader, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
               Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtU-
               tils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtU-
               tils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtU-
               tils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtU-
               tils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtU-
               tils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtU-
               tils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtU-
               tils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtU-
               tils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
               File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
               File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Path,
               File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
               File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
               File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
               File::Spec::Win32, File::stat, FileCache, FileHan-
               dle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long,
               Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File,
               IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable,
               IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
               IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2,
               IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SysV,
               Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
               Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
               Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX,
               Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
               Pod::Man, Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
               Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
               Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
               Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
               Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
               Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
               Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Han-
               dle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
               Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
               Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
               User::pwent

           Extension Modules

       CPAN
           Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Develop-
           ment Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking,
           Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communica-
           tion, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database
           Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emula-
           tions of Other Programming Languages, File Names, File
           Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles),
           String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing,
           and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter, and Con-
           figuration File Processing, Internationalization and



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           Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
           World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Dae-
           mon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images,
           Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing,
           Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (call-
           backs and exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Out-
           put Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules, Africa,
           Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North
           America, South America

       Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

           Guidelines for Module Creation
               Do similar modules already exist in some form?,
               Try to design the new module to be easy to extend
               and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
               what to export, Select a name for the module, Have
               you got it right?, README and other Additional
               Files, A description of the module/package/exten-
               sion etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prereq-
               uisites - what else you may need to have, How to
               build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc,
               How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
               especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhance-
               ments you plan to make in the future, Adding a
               Copyright Notice, Give the module a ver-
               sion/issue/release number, How to release and dis-
               tribute a module, Take care when changing a
               released module

           Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into
           Modules
               There is no requirement to convert anything, Con-
               sider the implications, Make the most of the
               opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you
               started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines,
               Converts package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts
               die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor
               changes

           Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
               Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl
               Module Library, Many applications contain some
               Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
               reusable code into one or more separate module
               files, Take the opportunity to reconsider and
               redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'appli-
               cation' can then be reduced to a small

       NOTE







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       perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules


       DESCRIPTION

           PREAMBLE
               DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a direc-
               tory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary),
               INSTALL the module

       HEY

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-pro-
           cesses
               $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other
               builtins that accept filenames, wait() and wait-
               pid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
               files, directories and network sockets

           Resource limits

           Killing the parent process

           Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes

           CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
               BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe
               open() not yet implemented, Global state main-
               tained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
               application, Thread-safety of extensions

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       perlform - Perl formats


       DESCRIPTION





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           Format Variables

       NOTES

           Footers

           Accessing Formatting Internals

       WARNINGS

       perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization
       and

       localization)" localization)"

       DESCRIPTION

       PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

       USING LOCALES

           The use locale pragma

           The setlocale function

           Finding locales

           LOCALE PROBLEMS

           Temporarily fixing locale problems

           Permanently fixing locale problems

           Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration

           Fixing system locale configuration

           The localeconv function

       LOCALE CATEGORIES

           Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

           Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

           Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

           Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

           LC_TIME

           Other categories





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       SECURITY
           Comparison operators (`lt', `le', `ge', `gt' and
           `cmp'):, Case-mapping interpolation (with `\l', `\L',
           `\u' or `\U'), Matching operator (`m//'):, Substitu-
           tion operator (`s///'):, Output formatting functions
           (printf() and write()):, Case-mapping functions (lc(),
           lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, POSIX locale-dependent
           functions (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(),
           strxfrm()):, POSIX character class tests (isalnum(),
           isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
           ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):

       ENVIRONMENT
           PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE,
           LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

       NOTES

           Backward compatibility

           I18N:Collate obsolete

           Sort speed and memory use impacts

           write() and LC_NUMERIC

           Freely available locale definitions

           I18n and l10n

           An imperfect standard

       BUGS

           Broken systems

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       perlref - Perl references and nested data structures


       NOTE

       DESCRIPTION

           Making References

           Using References

           Symbolic references





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


           Not-so-symbolic references

           Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash

           Function Templates

       WARNING

       SEE ALSO

       perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references


       DESCRIPTION

       Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

       The Solution

       Syntax

           Making References

           Using References

       An Example

       Arrow Rule

       Solution

       The Rest

       Summary

       Credits

           Distribution Conditions

       perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook


       DESCRIPTION
           arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes,
           hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

       REFERENCES

       COMMON MISTAKES

       CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

       WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS `use strict'




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       DEBUGGING

       CODE EXAMPLES

       ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

           Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS

           Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS

           Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS

       HASHES OF ARRAYS

           Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS

           Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS

           Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

       ARRAYS OF HASHES

           Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES

           Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES

           Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES

       HASHES OF HASHES

           Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

           Generation of a HASH OF HASHES

           Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

       MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

           Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

           Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

           Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

       Database Ties

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl






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       DESCRIPTION

       Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays

       Growing Your Own

       Access and Printing

       Slices

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial


       DESCRIPTION

           If we could talk to the animals...

           Introducing the method invocation arrow

           Invoking a barnyard

           The extra parameter of method invocation

           Calling a second method to simplify things

           Inheriting the windpipes

           A few notes about @ISA

           Overriding the methods

           Starting the search from a different place

           The SUPER way of doing things

           Where we're at so far...

           A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?

           Invoking an instance method

           Accessing the instance data

           How to build a horse

           Inheriting the constructor

           Making a method work with either classes or instances





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           Adding parameters to a method

           More interesting instances

           A horse of a different color

           Summary

       SEE ALSO

       COPYRIGHT

       perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl


       DESCRIPTION

       Creating a Class

           Object Representation

           Class Interface

           Constructors and Instance Methods

           Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

           Destructors

           Other Object Methods

       Class Data

           Accessing Class Data

           Debugging Methods

           Class Destructors

           Documenting the Interface

       Aggregation

       Inheritance

           Overridden Methods

           Multiple Inheritance

           UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

       Alternate Object Representations





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           Arrays as Objects

           Closures as Objects

       AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

           Autoloaded Data Methods

           Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

       Metaclassical Tools

           Class::Struct

           Data Members as Variables

           NOTES

           Object Terminology

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       COPYRIGHT

           Acknowledgments

       perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl


       DESCRIPTION

       Class Data as Package Variables

           Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket

           Inheritance Concerns

           The Eponymous Meta-Object

           Indirect References to Class Data

           Monadic Classes

           Translucent Attributes

       Class Data as Lexical Variables

           Privacy and Responsibility

           File-Scoped Lexicals





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           More Inheritance Concerns

           Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key

           Translucency Revisited

       NOTES

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

       ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

       HISTORY

       perlobj - Perl objects


       DESCRIPTION

           An Object is Simply a Reference

           A Class is Simply a Package

           A Method is Simply a Subroutine

           Method Invocation

           WARNING

           Default UNIVERSAL methods
               isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

           Destructors

           Summary

           Two-Phased Garbage Collection

       SEE ALSO

       perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Tying Scalars
               TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
               value, DESTROY this





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           Tying Arrays
               TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE
               this, index, value, DESTROY this

           Tying Hashes
               USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname,
               LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value,
               DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key,
               FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this

           Tying FileHandles
               TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT
               this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST,
               READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this

           The `untie' Gotcha

       SEE ALSO

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)


       DESCRIPTION

       OO SCALING TIPS

       INSTANCE VARIABLES

       SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

       INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

       OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

       OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

       USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

       THINKING OF CODE REUSE

       CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

       INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

       DELEGATION

       perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos,
       pipes,

       safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)" safe



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       subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)"

       DESCRIPTION

       Signals

       Named Pipes

           WARNING

       Using open() for IPC

           Filehandles

           Background Processes

           Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent

           Safe Pipe Opens

           Bidirectional Communication with Another Process

           Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

       Sockets: Client/Server Communication

           Internet Line Terminators

           Internet TCP Clients and Servers

           Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

       TCP Clients with IO::Socket

           A Simple Client
               `Proto', `PeerAddr', `PeerPort'

           A Webget Client

           Interactive Client with IO::Socket

       TCP Servers with IO::Socket
           Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

       UDP: Message Passing

       SysV IPC

       NOTES

       BUGS

       AUTHOR




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       SEE ALSO

       perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           filter_store_key, filter_store_value, fil-
           ter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value

           The Filter

           An Example -- the NULL termination problem.

           Another Example -- Key is a C int.

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       perldebug - Perl debugging


       DESCRIPTION

       The Perl Debugger

           Debugger Commands
               h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X
               [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c
               [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
               subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pat-
               tern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line] [con-
               dition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
               [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d
               [line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A, W expr,
               W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
               option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, >
               ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
               command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!  cmd,
               H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m
               expr, man [manpage]

           Configurable Options
               `recallCommand', `ShellBang', `pager', `tkRun-
               ning', `signalLevel', `warnLevel', `dieLevel',
               `AutoTrace', `LineInfo', `inhibit_exit', `Print-
               Ret', `ornaments', `frame', `maxTraceLen', `array-
               Depth', `hashDepth', `compactDump', `veryCompact',
               `globPrint', `DumpDBFiles', `DumpPackages',
               `DumpReused', `quote', `HighBit', `undefPrint',
               `UsageOnly', `TTY', `noTTY', `ReadLine', `NonStop'




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           Debugger input/output
               Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line
               Listing Format, Frame listing

           Debugging compile-time statements

           Debugger Customization

           Readline Support

           Editor Support for Debugging

           The Perl Profiler

       Debugging regular expressions

       Debugging memory usage

       SEE ALSO

       BUGS

       perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations
       in Perl


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Storing numbers

       Numeric operators and numeric conversions

       Flavors of Perl numeric operations
           Arithmetic operators except, `no integer', Arithmetic
           operators except, `use integer', Bitwise operators,
           `no integer', Bitwise operators, `use integer', Opera-
           tors which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
           string

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging


       DESCRIPTION

       Debugger Internals

           Writing Your Own Debugger




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       Frame Listing Output Examples

       Debugging regular expressions

           Compile-time output
               `anchored' STRING `at' POS, `floating' STRING `at'
               POS1..POS2, `matching floating/anchored',
               `minlen', `stclass' TYPE, `noscan', `isall',
               `GPOS', `plus', `implicit', `with eval',
               `anchored(TYPE)'

           Types of nodes

           Run-time output

       Debugging Perl memory usage

           Using `$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}'
               `buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)',
               Free/Used, `Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINU-
               OUS', `pad: 0', `heads: 2192', `chain: 0', `tail:
               6144'

           Example of using -DL switch
               `717', `002', `054', `602', `702', `704'

           -DL details
               `!!!', `!!', `!'

           Limitations of -DL statistics

       SEE ALSO

       perldiag - various Perl diagnostics


       DESCRIPTION

       perlsec - Perl security


       DESCRIPTION

           Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

           Switches On the ""#!"" Line

           Cleaning Up Your Path

           Security Bugs

           Protecting Your Programs





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       SEE ALSO

       perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary


       DESCRIPTION

           Awk Traps

           C Traps

           Sed Traps

           Shell Traps

           Perl Traps

           Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
               Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps,
               Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type
               traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
               Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps
               using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting
               Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

           Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
               Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinu-
               ance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Dis-
               continuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinu-
               ance, Deprecation, Discontinuance

           Parsing Traps
               Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing

           Numerical Traps
               Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string
               ops

           General data type traps
               (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs),
               (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable
               Suicide)

           Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
               (list context), (scalar context), (scalar con-
               text), (list, builtin)

           Precedence Traps
               Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
               Precedence, Precedence, Precedence

           General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
               Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
               Expression, Regular Expression, Regular



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               Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expres-
               sion, Regular Expression

           Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
               (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you
               specify a filehandle

           OS Traps
               (SysV), (SysV)

           Interpolation Traps
               Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
               Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
               Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation

           DBM Traps
               DBM, DBM

           Unclassified Traps
               `require'/`do' trap using returned value, `split'
               on empty string with LIMIT specified

       perlport - Writing portable Perl


       DESCRIPTION
           Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all
           of Perl already is portable

       ISSUES

           Newlines

           Numbers endianness and Width

           Files and Filesystems

           System Interaction

           Interprocess Communication (IPC)

           External Subroutines (XS)

           Standard Modules

           Time and Date

           Character sets and character encoding

           Internationalisation

           System Resources





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           Security

           Style

       CPAN Testers
           Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
           http://testers.cpan.org/

       PLATFORMS

           Unix

           DOS and Derivatives
               Build instructions for OS/2, the perlos2 manpage

           Mac OS

           VMS

           VOS

           EBCDIC Platforms

           Acorn RISC OS

           Other perls

       FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

           Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
               -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm,
               binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot
               FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose
               HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
               LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
               FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID,
               getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
               getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
               getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getpro-
               tobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getp-
               went, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getpro-
               toent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
               STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAY-
               OPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
               endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
               getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
               ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL,
               LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE,
               lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
               KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
               ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
               FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
               EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
               semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS,



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               semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
               setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsock-
               opt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl
               ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
               ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
               socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
               stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLD-
               FILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHAN-
               DLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, trun-
               cate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH,
               umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid
               PID,FLAGS

       CHANGES
           v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45,
           20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May
           1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40,
           11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31
           December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9
           September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06
           August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August
           1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998

       Supported Platforms

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

       VERSION

       perlstyle - Perl style guide


       DESCRIPTION

       perlpod - plain old documentation


       DESCRIPTION

           Verbatim Paragraph

           Command Paragraph

           Ordinary Block of Text

           The Intent

           Embedding Pods in Perl Modules

           Common Pod Pitfalls





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       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       perlbook - Perl book information


       DESCRIPTION

       perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program


       DESCRIPTION

           PREAMBLE
               Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?,
               Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from
               C?

           ROADMAP

           Compiling your C program

           Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

           Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program

           Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program

           Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from
           your C program

           Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

           Maintaining a persistent interpreter

           Maintaining multiple interpreter instances

           Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries,
           from your C program

       Embedding Perl under Win32

       MORAL

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.


       SYNOPSIS




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       DESCRIPTION
           PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), Per-
           lIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), Per-
           lIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), Per-
           lIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), Per-
           lIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count),
           PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c),
           PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f),
           PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f),
           PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w),
           PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p),
           PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile()

           Co-existence with stdio
               PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_export-
               FILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(f), PerlIO_release-
               FILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f),
               PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f),
               PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f),
               PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c),
               PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f),
               PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)

       perlxs - XS language reference manual


       DESCRIPTION

           Introduction

           On The Road

           The Anatomy of an XSUB

           The Argument Stack

           The RETVAL Variable

           The MODULE Keyword

           The PACKAGE Keyword

           The PREFIX Keyword

           The OUTPUT: Keyword

           The CODE: Keyword

           The INIT: Keyword

           The NO_INIT Keyword

           Initializing Function Parameters




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           Default Parameter Values

           The PREINIT: Keyword

           The SCOPE: Keyword

           The INPUT: Keyword

           Variable-length Parameter Lists

           The C_ARGS: Keyword

           The PPCODE: Keyword

           Returning Undef And Empty Lists

           The REQUIRE: Keyword

           The CLEANUP: Keyword

           The BOOT: Keyword

           The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword

           The PROTOTYPES: Keyword

           The PROTOTYPE: Keyword

           The ALIAS: Keyword

           The INTERFACE: Keyword

           The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword

           The INCLUDE: Keyword

           The CASE: Keyword

           The & Unary Operator

           Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives

           Using XS With C++

           Interface Strategy

           Perl Objects And C Structures

           The Typemap

       EXAMPLES

       XS VERSION




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       AUTHOR

       perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs


       DESCRIPTION

       SPECIAL NOTES

           make

           Version caveat

           Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading

       TUTORIAL

           EXAMPLE 1

           EXAMPLE 2

           What has gone on?

           Writing good test scripts

           EXAMPLE 3

           What's new here?

           Input and Output Parameters

           The XSUBPP Program

           The TYPEMAP file

           Warning about Output Arguments

           EXAMPLE 4

           What has happened here?

           Anatomy of .xs file

           Getting the fat out of XSUBs

           More about XSUB arguments

           The Argument Stack

           Extending your Extension

           Documenting your Extension





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           Installing your Extension

           EXAMPLE 5

           New Things in this Example

           EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon)

           EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)

           EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)

           EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)

           Troubleshooting these Examples

       See also

       Author

           Last Changed

       perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API


       DESCRIPTION

       Variables

           Datatypes

           What is an ""IV""?

           Working with SVs

           What's Really Stored in an SV?

           Working with AVs

           Working with HVs

           Hash API Extensions

           References

           Blessed References and Class Objects

           Creating New Variables

           Reference Counts and Mortality

           Stashes and Globs





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           Double-Typed SVs

           Magic Variables

           Assigning Magic

           Magic Virtual Tables

           Finding Magic

           Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays

           Localizing changes
               `SAVEINT(int i)', `SAVEIV(IV i)', `SAVEI32(I32
               i)', `SAVELONG(long i)', `SAVESPTR(s)',
               `SAVEPPTR(p)', `SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)', `SAVE-
               FREEOP(OP *op)', `SAVEFREEPV(p)', `SAVECLEARSV(SV
               *sv)', `SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32
               length)', `SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCON-
               TEXT_t f, void *p)', `SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTOR-
               FUNC_t f, void *p)', `SAVESTACK_POS()', `SV*
               save_scalar(GV *gv)', `AV* save_ary(GV *gv)', `HV*
               save_hash(GV *gv)', `void save_item(SV *item)',
               `void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)', `SV*
               save_svref(SV **sptr)', `void save_aptr(AV
               **aptr)', `void save_hptr(HV **hptr)'

       Subroutines

           XSUBs and the Argument Stack

           Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs

           Memory Allocation

           PerlIO

           Putting a C value on Perl stack

           Scratchpads

           Scratchpads and recursion

       Compiled code

           Code tree

           Examining the tree

           Compile pass 1: check routines

           Compile pass 1a: constant folding





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           Compile pass 2: context propagation

           Compile pass 3: peephole optimization

       How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

           Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT

           How do I use all this in extensions?

           Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

       AUTHORS

       SEE ALSO

       perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C


       DESCRIPTION
           An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

       THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
           call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

       FLAG VALUES

           G_VOID

           G_SCALAR

           G_ARRAY

           G_DISCARD

           G_NOARGS

           G_EVAL

           G_KEEPERR

           Determining the Context

       KNOWN PROBLEMS

       EXAMPLES

           No Parameters, Nothing returned

           Passing Parameters

           Returning a Scalar





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           Returning a list of values

           Returning a list in a scalar context

           Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list

           Using G_EVAL

           Using G_KEEPERR

           Using call_sv

           Using call_argv

           Using call_method

           Using GIMME_V

           Using Perl to dispose of temporaries

           Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
               1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2.
               Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit,
               3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback

           Alternate Stack Manipulation

           Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       DATE

       perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator


       DESCRIPTION

           Layout
               B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse,
               B::Xref

       Using The Back Ends

           The Cross Referencing Back End
               i, &, s, r

           The Decompiling Back End

           The Lint Back End





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           The Simple C Back End

           The Bytecode Back End

           The Optimized C Back End
               B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
               B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
               B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
               B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

       KNOWN PROBLEMS

       AUTHOR

       perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public
       API


       DESCRIPTION
           AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len,
           av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store,
           av_undef, av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
           call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIG-
           MARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
           EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av,
           get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV,
           gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
           gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL,
           G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
           HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
           HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent,
           hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
           hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext,
           hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store,
           hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT,
           isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE,
           looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find,
           mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move,
           New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc,
           newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv,
           newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS,
           newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv,
           Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
           perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
           PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_mod-
           global, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi,
           POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp,
           PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RET-
           VAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN,
           ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ,
           strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGET-
           MAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
           SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
           SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on,



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           SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
           SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX,
           SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvRE-
           FCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSET-
           MAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
           SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE,
           SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV,
           SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, SvUVX,
           sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_cat-
           pvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg,
           sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec,
           sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
           sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
           sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
           sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg,
           sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
           sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
           sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv,
           sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
           sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
           toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu,
           XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRE-
           TURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
           XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
           XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VER-
           SION_BOOTCHECK, Zero

       AUTHORS

       SEE ALSO

       perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely inter-
       nal

                  Perl functions"            Perl functions"

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHORS

       SEE ALSO

       perlhist - the Perl history records


       DESCRIPTION

       INTRODUCTION

       THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

           PUMPKIN?





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       THE RECORDS

           SELECTED RELEASE SIZES

           SELECTED PATCH SIZES

       THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
       attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           method, locked

       re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Built-in Attributes
               locked, method, lvalue

           Available Subroutines
               get, reftype

           Package-specific Attribute Handling
               FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES

           Syntax of Attribute Lists

       EXPORTS

           Default exports

           Available exports

           Export tags defined

       EXAMPLES

       SEE ALSO




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       attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           method, locked

       autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is
       used


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       WARNING

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at com-
       pile time


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       HISTORY

       SEE ALSO

       blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than
       character

       semantics" semantics"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION




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       SEE ALSO

       charnames - define character names for `\N{named}' string
       literal

       escape."  escape."

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CUSTOM TRANSLATORS

       BUGS

       constant - Perl pragma to declare constants


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTES

       TECHNICAL NOTE

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warn-
       ing

       diagnostics" diagnostics"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           The `diagnostics' Pragma

           The splain Program

       EXAMPLES

       INTERNALS

       BUGS

       AUTHOR





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       fields - compile-time class fields


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           new, phash

       SEE ALSO

       filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission
       operators


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           subpragma access

       integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer
       instead of

       double" double"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       less - perl pragma to request less of something from the
       compiler


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       lib - manipulate @INC at compile time


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Adding directories to @INC

           Deleting directories from @INC

           Restoring original @INC

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR




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       locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for
       built-in

       operations" operations"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input
       and output


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY

       SEE ALSO

       ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when com-
       piling


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       overload - Package for overloading perl operations


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Declaration of overloaded functions

           Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
               FALSE, TRUE, `undef'

           Calling Conventions for Unary Operations

           Calling Conventions for Mutators
               `++' and `--', `x=' and other assignment versions

           Overloadable Operations
               Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit
               operations, Increment and decrement, Transcenden-
               tal functions, Boolean, string and numeric conver-
               sion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special




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           Inheritance and overloading
               Strings as values of `use overload' directive,
               Overloading of an operation is inherited by
               derived classes

       SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR `use overload'

           Last Resort

           Fallback
               `undef', TRUE, defined, but FALSE

           Copy Constructor
               Example

       MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
           Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion
           operations, Increment and decrement, `abs($a)', Unary
           minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations,
           Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator

       Losing overloading

       Run-time Overloading

       Public functions
           overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg),
           overload::Method(obj,op)

       Overloading constants
           integer, float, binary, q, qr

       IMPLEMENTATION

       Metaphor clash

       Cookbook

           Two-face scalars

           Two-face references

           Symbolic calculator

           Really symbolic calculator

       AUTHOR

       DIAGNOSTICS

       BUGS






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       re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS

           SIGNAL HANDLERS
               stack-trace, die, handler your-handler

           SIGNAL LISTS
               normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-sig-
               nals

           OTHER
               untrapped, any, signal, number

       EXAMPLES

       strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           `strict refs', `strict vars', `strict subs'

       subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO






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       vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
       (obsolete)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$cate-
           gory]), warnings::warn([$category,] $message)

MODULE DOCUMENTATION
       AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           DBM Comparisons
               [0], [1], [2], [3]

       SEE ALSO

       AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Subroutine Stubs

           Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

           Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

           Package Lexicals

           AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader

       CAVEATS

       SEE ALSO







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       AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           $keep, $check, $modtime

           Multiple packages

       DIAGNOSTICS

       B - The Perl Compiler


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

           SV-RELATED CLASSES

           B::SV METHODS
               REFCNT, FLAGS

           B::IV METHODS
               IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv

           B::NV METHODS
               NV, NVX

           B::RV METHODS
               RV

           B::PV METHODS
               PV

           B::PVMG METHODS
               MAGIC, SvSTASH

           B::MAGIC METHODS
               MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR

           B::PVLV METHODS
               TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG

           B::BM METHODS
               USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE

           B::GV METHODS
               is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV,
               CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS




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           B::IO METHODS
               LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME,
               TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV,
               SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS

           B::AV METHODS
               FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS

           B::CV METHODS
               STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUT-
               SIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS

           B::HV METHODS
               FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY

           OP-RELATED CLASSES

           B::OP METHODS
               next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type,
               seq, flags, private

           B::UNOP METHOD
               first

           B::BINOP METHOD
               last

           B::LOGOP METHOD
               other

           B::LISTOP METHOD
               children

           B::PMOP METHODS
               pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp,
               pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp

           B::SVOP METHOD
               sv, gv

           B::PADOP METHOD
               padix

           B::PVOP METHOD
               pv

           B::LOOP METHODS
               redoop, nextop, lastop

           B::COP METHODS
               label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line

       FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY `B'
           main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,



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           sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkop-
           tree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
           walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE),
           svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR),
           cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
           threadsv_names

       AUTHOR

       B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to
       generate

       bytecode" bytecode"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
           -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops,
           -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -fstrip-
           syntax-tree, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -m

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS




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       AUTHOR

       B::C - Perl compiler's C backend


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
           -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA,
           -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fno-cog, -On, -llimit

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
           -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr,
           -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-
           bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       DIFFERENCES

           Loops

           Context of ""..""

           Arithmetic

           Deprecated features

       AUTHOR

       B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info
       about ops


       SYNOPSIS





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       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
           -l, -p, -q, -uPACKAGE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T,
           vSTRING.

       USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE

           Synopsis

           Description

           new

           coderef2text

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Lint - Perl lint


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
           context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-
           underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-
           variables, all, none

       NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
           -u Package





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       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONVENTIONS

       IMPLEMENTATION

       AUTHOR

       B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or
       files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info
       about ops


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl pro-
       grams


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION




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       OPTIONS
           `-oFILENAME', `-r', `-D[tO]'

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Methods
               new, debug, iters

           Standard Exports
               timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [
               TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODE-
               HASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr
               ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )

           Optional Exports
               clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese
               ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese (
               RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disable-
               cache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )

       NOTES

       EXAMPLES

       INHERITANCE

       CAVEATS

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       MODIFICATION HISTORY






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       ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
           -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops,
           -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -fstrip-
           syntax-tree, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -m

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class


       SYNOPSIS

       ABSTRACT

       DESCRIPTION

           PROGRAMMING STYLE

           CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
               1. Use another name for the argument, if one is
               available.  Forexample, -value is an alias for
               -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Val-
               ues, 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g.
               '-values'

           CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):

           CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE

           FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:





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           FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO
           YOUR SCRIPT:

           FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAME-
           TER:

           SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:

           APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:

           IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:

           DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:

           DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:

           DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:

           FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:

           SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:

           RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS

           USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
               :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html,
               :standard, :all

           PRAGMAS
               -any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload,
               -no_debug, -private_tempfiles

           SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
               1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2.
               end_table() (generates a </TABLE> tag), 3.
               start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul()
               (generates a </UL> tag)

       GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

           CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:

           GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER

           CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
               Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..

           ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:

           CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE
           INFORMATION:

           OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
               -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info),



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               -query (-query_string)

           MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS

       CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

           PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS

           THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS

           HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION

           NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS

           PRETTY-PRINTING HTML

       CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

           CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG

           STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
               application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-
               data

           CREATING A TEXT FIELD
               Parameters

           CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD

           CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD

           CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
               Parameters

           CREATING A POPUP MENU

           CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
               Parameters:

           CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
               Parameters:

           CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
               Parameters:

           CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
               Parameters:

           CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
               Parameters:

           CREATING A RESET BUTTON





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           CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON

           CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
               Parameters:

           CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
               Parameters:, 3.The third option (-align, optional)
               is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or
               MIDDLE

           CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON

       HTTP COOKIES
           1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a
           "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain,
           -expires, -secure

       WORKING WITH FRAMES
           1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the desti-
           nation for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify
           the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag

       LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS

       DEBUGGING

           DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS

       FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
           Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(),
           path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name()Return
           the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering
           scripts, referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), vir-
           tual_host (), server_software (), remote_user (),
           user_name (), request_method(), content_type(),
           http(), https()

       USING NPH SCRIPTS
           In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By
           using -nph parameters in the header() and redirect()
           statements:

       Server Push
           multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()

       Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
           $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-
           by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts

       COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

       AUTHOR INFORMATION





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       CREDITS
           Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James
           Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <san-
           guish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu),
           Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
           (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse
           (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
           (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwa-
           ter.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at),
           Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
           (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-
           Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@ful-
           crum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dog-
           wood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inx-
           press.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan
           Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern
           (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston
           (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..

       A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm


       SYNOPSIS

       ABSTRACT

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR INFORMATION

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the
       HTTPD (or

       other) error log" other) error log"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

       MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW





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           Changing the default message

       CHANGE LOG

       AUTHORS

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       USING CGI::Cookie
           1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag

           Creating New Cookies

           Sending the Cookie to the Browser

           Recovering Previous Cookies

           Manipulating Cookies
               name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()

       AUTHOR INFORMATION

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE

       WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS

       INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS

       USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS

       CAVEATS

       AUTHOR INFORMATION

       BUGS




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       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Tags that won't be formatted

           Customizing the Indenting

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       USING CGI::Push
           -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -tar-
           get, -expires

           Heterogeneous Pages

           Changing the Page Delay on the Fly

       INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

       AUTHOR INFORMATION

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct
       CGI::Switch


       SYNOPSIS

       ABSTRACT

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR INFORMATION




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       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN
       sites


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Interactive Mode
               Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files
               and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or
               distributions, get, readme, look module or distri-
               bution, Signals

           CPAN::Shell

           autobundle

           recompile

           The four `CPAN::*' Classes: Author, Bundle, Module,
           Distribution

           Programmer's interface
               expand($type,@things), Programming Examples

           Methods in the four Classes

           Cache Manager

           Bundles

           Prerequisites

           Finding packages and VERSION

           Debugging

           Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode

       CONFIGURATION
           `o conf <scalar option>', `o conf <scalar option>
           <value>', `o conf <list option>', `o conf <list
           option> [shift|pop]', `o conf <list option>
           [unshift|push|splice] <list>'

           Note on urllist parameter's format

           urllist parameter has CD-ROM support




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       SECURITY

       EXPORT

       POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES

       WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
           http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility,
           SOCKS, IP Masquerade

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initial-
       ization


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using
       any XS

       module" module"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       Carp, carp    - warn of errors (from perspective of
       caller)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Forcing a Stack Trace

       BUGS

       Carp::Heavy - Carp guts


       SYNOPIS

       DESCRIPTION




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       Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl
       classes


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           The `struct()' function

           Element Types and Accessor Methods
               Scalar (`'$'' or `'*$''), Array (`'@'' or `'*@''),
               Hash (`'%'' or `'*%''), Class (`'Class_Name'' or
               `'*Class_Name'')

           Initializing with `new'

       EXAMPLES
           Example 1, Example 2, Example 3

       Author and Modification History

       Config - access Perl configuration information


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)

       EXAMPLE

       WARNING

       GLOSSARY

           _   `_a', `_exe', `_o'

           a   `afs', `alignbytes', `ansi2knr', `aphostname',
               `api_revision', `api_subversion', `api_version',
               `api_versionstring', `ar', `archlib', `archlib-
               exp', `archname64', `archname', `archobjs', `awk'

           b   `baserev', `bash', `bin', `bincompat5005', `bin-
               exp', `bison', `byacc', `byteorder'

           c   `c', `castflags', `cat', `cc', `cccdlflags',
               `ccdlflags', `ccflags', `ccsymbols', `cf_by',
               `cf_email', `cf_time', `charsize', `chgrp',
               `chmod', `chown', `clocktype', `comm', `compress'

           C   `CONFIGDOTSH', `contains', `cp', `cpio', `cpp',
               `cpp_stuff', `cppccsymbols', `cppflags',
               `cpplast', `cppminus', `cpprun', `cppstdin',



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               `cppsymbols', `crosscompile', `cryptlib', `csh'

           d   `d_access', `d_accessx', `d_alarm', `d_archlib',
               `d_atolf', `d_atoll', `d_attribut', `d_bcmp',
               `d_bcopy', `d_bincompat5005', `d_bsd', `d_bsdgetp-
               grp', `d_bsdsetpgrp', `d_bzero', `d_casti32',
               `d_castneg', `d_charvspr', `d_chown', `d_chroot',
               `d_chsize', `d_closedir', `d_const', `d_crypt',
               `d_csh', `d_cuserid', `d_dbl_dig', `d_difftime',
               `d_dirnamlen', `d_dlerror', `d_dlopen', `d_dlsy-
               mun', `d_dosuid', `d_drand48proto', `d_dup2',
               `d_eaccess', `d_endgrent', `d_endhent', `d_end-
               nent', `d_endpent', `d_endpwent', `d_endsent',
               `d_endspent', `d_eofnblk', `d_eunice', `d_fchmod',
               `d_fchown', `d_fcntl', `d_fd_macros', `d_fd_set',
               `d_fds_bits', `d_fgetpos', `d_flexfnam',
               `d_flock', `d_fork', `d_fpathconf', `d_fpos64_t',
               `d_fs_data_s', `d_fseeko', `d_fsetpos',
               `d_fstatfs', `d_fstatvfs', `d_ftello', `d_ftime',
               `d_Gconvert', `d_getcwd', `d_getfsstat', `d_get-
               grent', `d_getgrps', `d_gethbyaddr', `d_gethby-
               name', `d_gethent', `d_gethname', `d_gethostpro-
               tos', `d_getlogin', `d_getmnt', `d_getmntent',
               `d_getnbyaddr', `d_getnbyname', `d_getnent',
               `d_getnetprotos', `d_getpbyname', `d_getpbynum-
               ber', `d_getpent', `d_getpgid', `d_getpgrp2',
               `d_getpgrp', `d_getppid', `d_getprior', `d_getpro-
               toprotos', `d_getpwent', `d_getsbyname', `d_gets-
               byport', `d_getsent', `d_getservprotos', `d_get-
               spent', `d_getspnam', `d_gettimeod', `d_gnulibc',
               `d_grpasswd', `d_hasmntopt', `d_htonl', `d_iconv',
               `d_index', `d_inetaton', `d_int64_t', `d_isascii',
               `d_killpg', `d_lchown', `d_ldbl_dig', `d_link',
               `d_locconv', `d_lockf', `d_longdbl', `d_longlong',
               `d_lseekproto', `d_lstat', `d_madvise', `d_mblen',
               `d_mbstowcs', `d_mbtowc', `d_memchr', `d_memcmp',
               `d_memcpy', `d_memmove', `d_memset', `d_mkdir',
               `d_mkdtemp', `d_mkfifo', `d_mkstemp',
               `d_mkstemps', `d_mktime', `d_mmap', `d_mprotect',
               `d_msg', `d_msg_ctrunc', `d_msg_dontroute',
               `d_msg_oob', `d_msg_peek', `d_msg_proxy',
               `d_msgctl', `d_msgget', `d_msgrcv', `d_msgsnd',
               `d_msync', `d_munmap', `d_mymalloc', `d_nice',
               `d_nv_preserves_uv', `d_off64_t',
               `d_old_pthread_create_joinable', `d_oldpthreads',
               `d_oldsock', `d_open3', `d_pathconf', `d_pause',
               `d_phostname', `d_pipe', `d_poll', `d_portable',
               `d_PRId64', `d_PRIeldbl', `d_PRIEldbl', `d_PRI-
               fldbl', `d_PRIFldbl', `d_PRIgldbl', `d_PRIGldbl',
               `d_PRIi64', `d_PRIo64', `d_PRIu64', `d_PRIx64',
               `d_PRIX64', `d_pthread_yield', `d_pwage',
               `d_pwchange', `d_pwclass', `d_pwcomment', `d_pwex-
               pire', `d_pwgecos', `d_pwpasswd', `d_pwquota',
               `d_qgcvt', `d_quad', `d_readdir', `d_readlink',



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               `d_rename', `d_rewinddir', `d_rmdir',
               `d_safebcpy', `d_safemcpy', `d_sanemcmp',
               `d_sched_yield', `d_scm_rights', `d_seekdir',
               `d_select', `d_sem', `d_semctl', `d_sem-
               ctl_semid_ds', `d_semctl_semun', `d_semget',
               `d_semop', `d_setegid', `d_seteuid', `d_setgrent',
               `d_setgrps', `d_sethent', `d_setlinebuf', `d_set-
               locale', `d_setnent', `d_setpent', `d_setpgid',
               `d_setpgrp2', `d_setpgrp', `d_setprior', `d_setp-
               went', `d_setregid', `d_setresgid', `d_setresuid',
               `d_setreuid', `d_setrgid', `d_setruid', `d_set-
               sent', `d_setsid', `d_setspent', `d_setvbuf',
               `d_sfio', `d_shm', `d_shmat', `d_shmatprototype',
               `d_shmctl', `d_shmdt', `d_shmget', `d_sigaction',
               `d_sigsetjmp', `d_socket', `d_socklen_t', `d_sock-
               pair', `d_sqrtl', `d_statblks',
               `d_statfs_f_flags', `d_statfs_s', `d_statvfs',
               `d_stdio_cnt_lval', `d_stdio_ptr_lval',
               `d_stdio_stream_array', `d_stdiobase', `d_stdst-
               dio', `d_strchr', `d_strcoll', `d_strctcpy',
               `d_strerrm', `d_strerror', `d_strtod', `d_strtol',
               `d_strtold', `d_strtoll', `d_strtoul', `d_str-
               toull', `d_strtouq', `d_strxfrm', `d_suidsafe',
               `d_symlink', `d_syscall', `d_sysconf',
               `d_sysernlst', `d_syserrlst', `d_system',
               `d_tcgetpgrp', `d_tcsetpgrp', `d_telldir',
               `d_telldirproto', `d_time', `d_times', `d_trun-
               cate', `d_tzname', `d_umask', `d_uname',
               `d_union_semun', `d_ustat', `d_vendorarch',
               `d_vendorbin', `d_vendorlib', `d_vfork',
               `d_void_closedir', `d_voidsig', `d_voidtty',
               `d_volatile', `d_vprintf', `d_wait4', `d_waitpid',
               `d_wcstombs', `d_wctomb', `d_xenix', `date',
               `db_hashtype', `db_prefixtype', `defvoidused',
               `direntrytype', `dlext', `dlsrc', `doublesize',
               `drand01', `dynamic_ext'

           e   `eagain', `ebcdic', `echo', `egrep', `emacs',
               `eunicefix', `exe_ext', `expr', `extensions'

           f   `fflushall', `fflushNULL', `find', `firstmake-
               file', `flex', `fpossize', `fpostype', `freetype',
               `full_ar', `full_csh', `full_sed'

           g   `gccversion', `gidformat', `gidsign', `gidsize',
               `gidtype', `glibpth', `grep', `groupcat', `group-
               stype', `gzip'

           h   `h_fcntl', `h_sysfile', `hint', `hostcat', `huge'

           i   `i16size', `i16type', `i32size', `i32type',
               `i64size', `i64type', `i8size', `i8type',
               `i_arpainet', `i_bsdioctl', `i_db', `i_dbm',
               `i_dirent', `i_dld', `i_dlfcn', `i_fcntl',



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               `i_float', `i_gdbm', `i_grp', `i_iconv',
               `i_ieeefp', `i_inttypes', `i_limits', `i_locale',
               `i_machcthr', `i_malloc', `i_math', `i_memory',
               `i_mntent', `i_ndbm', `i_netdb', `i_neterrno',
               `i_netinettcp', `i_niin', `i_poll', `i_pthread',
               `i_pwd', `i_rpcsvcdbm', `i_sfio', `i_sgtty',
               `i_shadow', `i_socks', `i_stdarg', `i_stddef',
               `i_stdlib', `i_string', `i_sunmath', `i_sysac-
               cess', `i_sysdir', `i_sysfile', `i_sysfilio',
               `i_sysin', `i_sysioctl', `i_syslog', `i_sysmman',
               `i_sysmode', `i_sysmount', `i_sysndir', `i_sys-
               param', `i_sysresrc', `i_syssecrt', `i_sysselct',
               `i_syssockio', `i_sysstat', `i_sysstatfs',
               `i_sysstatvfs', `i_systime', `i_systimek', `i_sys-
               times', `i_systypes', `i_sysuio', `i_sysun',
               `i_sysutsname', `i_sysvfs', `i_syswait',
               `i_termio', `i_termios', `i_time', `i_unistd',
               `i_ustat', `i_utime', `i_values', `i_varargs',
               `i_varhdr', `i_vfork', `ignore_versioned_solibs',
               `inc_version_list', `inc_version_list_init', `inc-
               path', `inews', `installarchlib', `installbin',
               `installman1dir', `installman3dir', `installpre-
               fix', `installprefixexp', `installprivlib',
               `installscript', `installsitearch', `installsite-
               bin', `installsitelib', `installstyle', `instal-
               lusrbinperl', `installvendorarch', `installven-
               dorbin', `installvendorlib', `intsize', `ivdfor-
               mat', `ivsize', `ivtype'

           k   `known_extensions', `ksh'

           l   `large', `ld', `lddlflags', `ldflags', `ldlibpth-
               name', `less', `lib_ext', `libc', `libperl',
               `libpth', `libs', `libsdirs', `libsfiles', `libs-
               found', `libspath', `libswanted', `line', `lint',
               `lkflags', `ln', `lns', `locincpth', `loclibpth',
               `longdblsize', `longlongsize', `longsize', `lp',
               `lpr', `ls', `lseeksize', `lseektype'

           m   `mail', `mailx', `make', `make_set_make', `mallo-
               cobj', `mallocsrc', `malloctype', `man1dir',
               `man1direxp', `man1ext', `man3dir', `man3direxp',
               `man3ext'

           M   `Mcc', `medium', `mips_type', `mkdir', `mmaptype',
               `models', `modetype', `more', `multiarch', `mv',
               `myarchname', `mydomain', `myhostname', `myuname'

           n   `n', `netdb_hlen_type', `netdb_host_type',
               `netdb_name_type', `netdb_net_type', `nm',
               `nm_opt', `nm_so_opt', `nonxs_ext', `nroff',
               `nvsize', `nvtype'





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           o   `o_nonblock', `obj_ext', `old_pthread_create_join-
               able', `optimize', `orderlib', `osname', `osvers'

           p   `package', `pager', `passcat', `patchlevel',
               `path_sep', `perl5', `perl'

           P   `PERL_REVISION', `PERL_SUBVERSION', `PERL_VER-
               SION', `perladmin', `perlpath', `pg', `phostname',
               `pidtype', `plibpth', `pm_apiversion', `pmake',
               `pr', `prefix', `prefixexp', `privlib', `privlib-
               exp', `prototype', `ptrsize'

           q   `quadkind', `quadtype'

           r   `randbits', `randfunc', `randseedtype', `ranlib',
               `rd_nodata', `revision', `rm', `rmail', `runnm'

           s   `sched_yield', `scriptdir', `scriptdirexp', `sed',
               `seedfunc', `selectminbits', `selecttype', `send-
               mail', `sh', `shar', `sharpbang', `shmattype',
               `shortsize', `shrpenv', `shsharp', `sig_count',
               `sig_name', `sig_name_init', `sig_num',
               `sig_num_init', `signal_t', `sitearch', `sitearch-
               exp', `sitebin', `sitebinexp', `sitelib',
               `sitelib_stem', `sitelibexp', `siteprefix',
               `siteprefixexp', `sizesize', `sizetype', `sleep',
               `smail', `small', `so', `sockethdr', `socketlib',
               `socksizetype', `sort', `spackage', `spitshell',
               `split', `sPRId64', `sPRIeldbl', `sPRIEldbl',
               `sPRIfldbl', `sPRIFldbl', `sPRIgldbl',
               `sPRIGldbl', `sPRIi64', `sPRIo64', `sPRIu64',
               `sPRIx64', `sPRIX64', `src', `ssizetype', `start-
               perl', `startsh', `static_ext', `stdchar',
               `stdio_base', `stdio_bufsiz', `stdio_cnt',
               `stdio_filbuf', `stdio_ptr', `stdio_stream_array',
               `strings', `submit', `subversion', `sysman'

           t   `tail', `tar', `tbl', `tee', `test', `timeincl',
               `timetype', `touch', `tr', `trnl', `troff'

           u   `u16size', `u16type', `u32size', `u32type',
               `u64size', `u64type', `u8size', `u8type', `uidfor-
               mat', `uidsign', `uidsize', `uidtype', `uname',
               `uniq', `uquadtype', `use5005threads',
               `use64bitall', `use64bitint', `usedl', `usei-
               threads', `uselargefiles', `uselongdouble', `use-
               morebits', `usemultiplicity', `usemymalloc',
               `usenm', `useopcode', `useperlio', `useposix',
               `usesfio', `useshrplib', `usesocks', `usethreads',
               `usevendorprefix', `usevfork', `usrinc', `uuname',
               `uvoformat', `uvsize', `uvtype', `uvuformat',
               `uvxformat'





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           v   `vendorarch', `vendorarchexp', `vendorbin', `ven-
               dorbinexp', `vendorlib', `vendorlib_stem', `ven-
               dorlibexp', `vendorprefix', `vendorprefixexp',
               `version', `vi', `voidflags'

           x   `xlibpth', `xs_apiversion'

           z   `zcat', `zip'

       NOTE

       Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
       (draft,

       subject to change)" subject to change)"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Global Variables
                $DB::sub,  %DB::sub,  $DB::single,  $DB::signal,  $DB::trace,  @DB::args,
               @DB::dbline,  %DB::dbline,  $DB::package,  $DB::filename,  $DB::subname,
               $DB::lineno


           API Methods
               CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING),
               CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(),
               CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()

           Client Callback Methods
               CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]),
               CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->post-
               stop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING),
               CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST)

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x


       SYNOPSIS





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       DESCRIPTION
           DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO

           Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3

           Interface to Berkeley DB

           Opening a Berkeley DB Database File

           Default Parameters

           In Memory Databases

       DB_HASH

           A Simple Example

       DB_BTREE

           Changing the BTREE sort order

           Handling Duplicate Keys

           The get_dup() Method

           The find_dup() Method

           The del_dup() Method

           Matching Partial Keys

       DB_RECNO

           The 'bval' Option

           A Simple Example

           Extra RECNO Methods
               $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift,
               $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length

           Another Example

       THE API INTERFACE
           $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status
           = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status =
           $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $sta-
           tus = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status =
           $X->sync([$flags]) ;

       DBM FILTERS
           filter_store_key, filter_store_value, fil-
           ter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value




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           The Filter

           An Example -- the NULL termination problem.

           Another Example -- Key is a C int.

       HINTS AND TIPS

           Locking: The Trouble with fd

           Safe ways to lock a database
               Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock

           Sharing Databases With C Applications

           The untie() Gotcha

       COMMON QUESTIONS

           Why is there Perl source in my database?

           How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?

           What does ""Invalid Argument"" mean?

           What does ""Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed"" mean?

       REFERENCES

       HISTORY

       BUGS

       AVAILABILITY

       COPYRIGHT

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable
       for both

       printing and `eval'" printing and eval"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Methods
               PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump
               or PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]),
               $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]),



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               $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset

           Functions
               Dumper(LIST)

           Configuration Variables or Methods
               $Data::Dumper::Indent  or  $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]),
               $Data::Dumper::Purity  or  $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]),
               $Data::Dumper::Pad  or  $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]),
               $Data::Dumper::Varname   or  $OBJ->Varname([NEW-
               VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq  or  $OBJ->Useqq([NEW-
               VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Terse  or  $OBJ->Terse([NEW-
               VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer   or
               $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]),
               $Data::Dumper::Toaster   or  $OBJ->Toaster([NEW-
               VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy  or   $OBJ->Deep-
               copy([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys  or
               $OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless
               or  $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth
               or   $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL])

           Exports
               Dumper

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       VERSION

       SEE ALSO

       Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       PROFILE FORMAT

       AUTOLOAD

       ENVIRONMENT

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO







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       Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

           A simple scalar string

           A simple scalar number

           A simple scalar with an extra reference

           A reference to a simple scalar

           A reference to an array

           A reference to a hash

           Dumping a large array or hash

           A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer

           A reference to a subroutine

       EXPORTS

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading mod-
       ule


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.






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       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Creation
               `arrayDepth', `hashDepth', `compactDump',
               `veryCompact', `globPrint', `DumpDBFiles', `Dump-
               Packages', `DumpReused', `tick', `HighBit',
               `printUndef', `UsageOnly', unctrl, subdump, bare-
               Stringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal

           Methods
               dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote,
               set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get

       DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_sym-
           bols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug,
           dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(),
           dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
           dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
           dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()

       AUTHOR

       DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C
       libraries into

       Perl code" Perl code"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctu-
       ation

       variables" variables"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS






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       Env - perl module that imports environment variables as
       scalars or

       arrays" arrays"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       LIMITATIONS

       AUTHOR

       Errno - System errno constants


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CAVEATS

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       Exporter - Implements default import method for modules


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           How to Export

           Selecting What To Export

           Specialised Import Lists

           Exporting without using Export's import method

           Module Version Checking

           Managing Unknown Symbols

           Tag Handling Utility Functions

       Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts


       SYNOPIS

       DESCRIPTION




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       ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX com-
       mands in

       Makefiles etc."  Makefiles etc."

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       cat

       eqtime src dst

       rm_f files...

       rm_f files...

       touch files ..

       mv source... destination

       cp source... destination

       chmod mode files..

       mkpath directory..

       test_f file

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++
       applications


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       @EXPORT

       FUNCTIONS
           xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(),
           ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(),
           xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)

       EXAMPLES

       SEE ALSO




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       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed
       modules


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       USAGE

       FUNCTIONS
           new(), modules(), files(), directories(), direc-
           tory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to
       use them


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For
           dynamic extensions

           EXTRALIBS

           LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH

           BSLOADLIBS

       PORTABILITY

           VMS implementation

           Win32 implementation

       SEE ALSO







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       ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour
       in

       ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive

       ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

       ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS

           Preloaded methods
               canonpath

       catdir

       catfile

       curdir

       rootdir

       updir

       SelfLoaded methods
           c_o (o)

       cflags (o)

       clean (o)

       const_cccmd (o)

       const_config (o)

       const_loadlibs (o)

       constants (o)



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       depend (o)

       dir_target (o)

       dist (o)

       dist_basics (o)

       dist_ci (o)

       dist_core (o)

       dist_dir (o)

       dist_test (o)

       dlsyms (o)

       dynamic (o)

       dynamic_bs (o)

       dynamic_lib (o)

       exescan

       extliblist

       file_name_is_absolute

       find_perl

       Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Make-
       file
           fixin

       force (o)

       guess_name

       has_link_code

       htmlifypods (o)

       init_dirscan

       init_main

       init_others

       install (o)

       installbin (o)




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       libscan (o)

       linkext (o)

       lsdir

       macro (o)

       makeaperl (o)

       makefile (o)

       manifypods (o)

       maybe_command

       maybe_command_in_dirs

       needs_linking (o)

       nicetext

       parse_version

       parse_abstract

       pasthru (o)

       path

       perl_script

       perldepend (o)

       ppd

       perm_rw (o)

       perm_rwx (o)

       pm_to_blib

       post_constants (o)

       post_initialize (o)

       postamble (o)

       prefixify

       processPL (o)

       realclean (o)




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       replace_manpage_separator

       static (o)

       static_lib (o)

       staticmake (o)

       subdir_x (o)

       subdirs (o)

       test (o)

       test_via_harness (o)

       test_via_script (o)

       tool_autosplit (o)

       tools_other (o)

       tool_xsubpp (o)

       top_targets (o)

       writedoc

       xs_c (o)

       xs_cpp (o)

       xs_o (o)

       perl_archive

       export_list

       SEE ALSO

       ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

       ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Methods always loaded
               wraplist

       rootdir (override)





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       SelfLoaded methods
           guess_name (override)

       find_perl (override)

       path (override)

       maybe_command (override)

       maybe_command_in_dirs (override)

       perl_script (override)

       file_name_is_absolute (override)

       replace_manpage_separator

       init_others (override)

       constants (override)

       cflags (override)

       const_cccmd (override)

       pm_to_blib (override)

       tool_autosplit (override)

       tool_sxubpp (override)

       xsubpp_version (override)

       tools_other (override)

       dist (override)

       c_o (override)

       xs_c (override)

       xs_o (override)

       top_targets (override)

       dlsyms (override)

       dynamic_lib (override)

       dynamic_bs (override)

       static_lib (override)

       manifypods (override)



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       processPL (override)

       installbin (override)

       subdir_x (override)

       clean (override)

       realclean (override)

       dist_basics (override)

       dist_core (override)

       dist_dir (override)

       dist_test (override)

       install (override)

       perldepend (override)

       makefile (override)

       test (override)

       test_via_harness (override)

       test_via_script (override)

       makeaperl (override)

       nicetext (override)

       ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

       ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       catfile

       constants (o)

       static_lib (o)

       dynamic_bs (o)

       dynamic_lib (o)

       canonpath




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       perl_script

       pm_to_blib

       test_via_harness (o)

       tool_autosplit (override)

       tools_other (o)

       xs_o (o)

       top_targets (o)

       htmlifypods (o)

       manifypods (o)

       dist_ci (o)

       dist_core (o)

       pasthru (o)

       ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           How To Write A Makefile.PL

           Default Makefile Behaviour

           make test

           make testdb

           make install

           PREFIX and LIB attribute

           AFS users

           Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

           Determination of Perl Library and Installation Loca-
           tions

           Which architecture dependent directory?

           Using Attributes and Parameters
               AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION,



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               C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR,
               DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
               EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H,
               HTMLLIBPODS, HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC,
               INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
               INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALL-
               HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALL-
               MAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
               INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB,
               INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB,
               INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR,
               INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM,
               LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKE-
               FILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB,
               NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC,
               OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB,
               PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES,
               PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
               PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP,
               TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPRO-
               TOARG, XS_VERSION

           Additional lowercase attributes
               clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro,
               realclean, test, tool_autosplit

           Overriding MakeMaker Methods

           Hintsfile support

           Distribution Support
                  make distcheck,    make skipcheck,    make distclean,    make manifest,
                 make distdir,    make tardist,    make dist,    make uutardist,    make
               shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci


           Disabling an extension

       ENVIRONMENT
           PERL_MM_OPT

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANI-
       FEST file


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION





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       MANIFEST.SKIP

       EXPORT_OK

       GLOBAL VARIABLES

       DIAGNOSTICS
           `Not in MANIFEST:' file, `No such file:' file, `MANI-
           FEST:' $!, `Added to MANIFEST:' file

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perl-
       main.c


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by
       DynaLoader


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for
       dynamic

       extension" extension"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS,
           NAME

       AUTHOR

       REVISION

       ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION




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       USAGE

       FUNCTIONS
           new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed
       or die


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       EXPORTED SYMBOLS

       File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse

       EXAMPLES
           `basename', `dirname'

       File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a
       tree


       SYNOPSIS




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       DESCRIPTION

       File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       RETURN

       AUTHOR

       File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Special behaviour if `syscopy' is defined (OS/2, VMS
           and Win32)
               rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])

       RETURN

       AUTHOR

       File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXPORTS (by request only)

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       HISTORY

       SEE ALSO

       File::Find, find - traverse a file tree


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           `wanted', `bydepth', `follow', `follow_fast', `fol-
           low_skip', `no_chdir', `untaint', `untaint_pattern',
           `untaint_skip'



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       CAVEAT

       File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           `GLOB_ERR', `GLOB_MARK', `GLOB_NOCASE',
           `GLOB_NOCHECK', `GLOB_NOSORT', `GLOB_BRACE',
           `GLOB_NOMAGIC', `GLOB_QUOTE', `GLOB_TILDE', `GLOB_CSH'

       DIAGNOSTICS
           `GLOB_NOSPACE', `GLOB_ABEND'

       NOTES

       AUTHOR

       File::Path - create or remove directory trees


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHORS

       File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on
       file names


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Exports

       SEE ALSO







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       File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
           canonpath

       catdir

       catfile

       curdir

       devnull

       rootdir

       tmpdir

       updir

       file_name_is_absolute

       path

       splitpath

       splitdir

       catpath

       abs2rel

       rel2abs

       SEE ALSO

       File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION




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       METHODS
           canonpath

       catdir

       catfile

       curdir

       devnull

       rootdir

       tmpdir

       updir

       no_upwards

       case_tolerant

       file_name_is_absolute

       path

       join

       splitpath

       splitdir

       catpath

       abs2rel

       rel2abs

       SEE ALSO

       File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           eliminate_macros

       fixpath

       Methods always loaded
           canonpath (override)

       catdir




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       catfile

       curdir (override)

       devnull (override)

       rootdir (override)

       tmpdir (override)

       updir (override)

       case_tolerant (override)

       path (override)

       file_name_is_absolute (override)

       splitpath (override)

       splitdir (override)

       catpath (override)

       abs2rel (override)

       rel2abs (override)

       SEE ALSO

       File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           devnull

       tmpdir

       catfile

       canonpath

       splitpath

       splitdir

       catpath

       abs2rel

       rel2abs




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       SEE ALSO

       File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat()
       functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines

       SEE ALSO

       FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXPORTABLE VARIABLES

       KNOWN BUGS

       AUTHORS

       COPYRIGHT

       GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.


       SYNOPSIS





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       DESCRIPTION

       AVAILABILITY

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Command Line Options, an Introduction

       Getting Started with Getopt::Long

           Simple options

           A little bit less simple options

           Mixing command line option with other arguments

           Options with values

           Options with multiple values

           Options with hash values

           User-defined subroutines to handle options

           Options with multiple names

           Case and abbreviations

           Summary of Option Specifications
               !, +, s, i, f, : type [ desttype ]

       Advanced Possibilities

           Documentation and help texts

           Storing options in a hash

           Bundling

           The lonesome dash

           Argument call-back

       Configuring Getopt::Long
           default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order,



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           permute, bundling (default: reset), bundling_override
           (default: reset), ignore_case (default: set),
           ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through
           (default: reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug
           (default: reset)

       Return values and Errors

       Legacy

           Default destinations

           Alternative option starters

           Configuration variables

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

       Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches
       with switch

       clustering" clustering"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the
       current

       locale" locale"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       IO - load various IO modules


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek (
           POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash,
           IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]



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       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile

       METHODS
           open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

       METHODS
           $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline,
           $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF,
           LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr,
           $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
           $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint

       NOTE

       SEE ALSO

       BUGS

       HISTORY

       IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes


       SYNOPSIS





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       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [READER, WRITER] )

       METHODS
           reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
           mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
           events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ]
           )

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [ HANDLES ] )





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       METHODS
           add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE
           ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [
           TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (),
           bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [ARGS] )

       METHODS
           accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL),
           timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
           socktype, protocol, connected

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain
       sockets


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [ARGS] )

           METHODS
               sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr
               (), peerport (), peerhost ()

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT




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       IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain
       sockets


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [ARGS] )

       METHODS
           hostpath(), peerpath()

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for
       directory

       handles" handles"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek (
           POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash,
           IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for
       filehandles


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile

       METHODS
           open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

       SEE ALSO




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       HISTORY

       IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods
       for I/O

       handles" handles"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

       METHODS
           $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline,
           $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF,
           LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr,
           $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
           $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint

       NOTE

       SEE ALSO

       BUGS

       HISTORY

       IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for
       pipes


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [READER, WRITER] )

       METHODS
           reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system
       poll call






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       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
           mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
           events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ]
           )

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based
       methods for

       I/O objects" I/O objects"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       HISTORY

       IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the
       select system

       call" call"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [ HANDLES ] )

       METHODS
           add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE
           ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [
           TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (),
           bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT






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       IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to
       socket

       communications" communications"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [ARGS] )

       METHODS
           accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL),
           timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
           socktype, protocol, connected

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object
       interface for

       AF_INET domain sockets" AF_INET domain sockets"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [ARGS] )

           METHODS
               sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr
               (), peerport (), peerhost ()

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object
       interface for

       AF_UNIX domain sockets" AF_UNIX domain sockets"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION




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       CONSTRUCTOR
           new ( [ARGS] )

       METHODS
           hostpath(), peerpath()

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
           new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [,
           FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE
           [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ),
           stat

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and
       writing


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       WARNING

       SEE ALSO

       IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing,
       and error

       handling" handling"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       WARNING




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       IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
           new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
           getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id,
           op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME =>
           VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), set-
           val ( N , VALUE ), stat

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           ftok( PATH, ID )

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       COPYRIGHT

       IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
           new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [,
           FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE
           [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ),
           stat

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT





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       IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC
       object

       class" class"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       METHODS
           new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
           getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id,
           op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME =>
           VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), set-
           val ( N , VALUE ), stat

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       COPYRIGHT

       Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is com-
           puted to, Rounding is performed

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           Canonical notation, Input, Output

       EXAMPLES

       Autocreating constants

       BUGS

       AUTHOR







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       Math::Trig - trigonometric functions


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
           tan

           ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO

           SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS

       PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS

       RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS

           COORDINATE SYSTEMS

           3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
               cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical,
               cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spheri-
               cal, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylin-
               drical

       GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES

       EXAMPLES

       BUGS

       AUTHORS

       NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           Functions
               Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [,
               $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
               $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);





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       WARNING

       NOTES

       Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in geth-
       ost*()

       functions" functions"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get-
       net*()

       functions" functions"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get-
       proto*()

       functions" functions"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get-
       serv*()

       functions" functions"

       SYNOPSIS




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       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CONVENTIONS

       IMPLEMENTATION

       AUTHOR

       ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       WARNING

       Operator Names and Operator Lists
           an operator name (opname), an operator tag name
           (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set
           (opset)

       Opcode Functions
           opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET),
           opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset,
           invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
           define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET),
           opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)

       Manipulating Opsets





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       TO DO (maybe)

       Predefined Opcode Tags
           :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io,
           :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default,
           :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
           :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others,
           :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in
       restricted

       compartments" compartments"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           a new namespace, an operator mask

       WARNING

           RECENT CHANGES

           Methods in class Safe
               permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
               ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
               (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,
               ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
               (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

           Some Safety Issues
               Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

           AUTHOR

       Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe opera-
       tions when

       compiling" compiling"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1






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       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       CAVEATS

       FUNCTIONS
           _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin,
           assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol,
           bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr,
           clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid,
           ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno,
           execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit,
           exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
           fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod,
           fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread,
           free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat,
           ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
           geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlo-
           gin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid,
           gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscn-
           trl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, iss-
           pace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv,
           link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp,
           lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, mem-
           cmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime,
           modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause,
           perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort,
           raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
           rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, set-
           locale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, sig-
           longjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsus-
           pend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf,
           stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strc-
           spn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp,
           strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
           strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf,
           system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetp-
           grp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
           tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset,
           umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf,
           vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb,
           write

       CLASSES

           POSIX::SigAction
               new

           POSIX::SigSet
               new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember




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           POSIX::Termios
               new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag,
               getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr,
               setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
               setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal
               interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field
               values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field val-
               ues, c_oflag field values

       PATHNAME CONSTANTS
           Constants

       POSIX CONSTANTS
           Constants

       SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
           Constants

       ERRNO
           Constants

       FCNTL
           Constants

       FLOAT
           Constants

       LIMITS
           Constants

       LOCALE
           Constants

       MATH
           Constants

       SIGNAL
           Constants

       STAT
           Constants, Macros

       STDLIB
           Constants

       STDIO
           Constants

       TIME
           Constants

       UNISTD
           Constants




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       WAIT
           Constants, Macros

       CREATION

       Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syn-
       tax errors


       SYNOPSIS

       OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS

           podchecker()
               -warnings => val

       DESCRIPTION

       DIAGNOSTICS

           Errors
               empty =headn, =over on line N without closing
               =back, =item without previous =over, =back without
               previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end with-
               out =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without format-
               ter specification, unresolved internal link NAME,
               Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence
               "SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, gar-
               bled entity STRING, Entity number out of range,
               malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spu-
               rious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious
               character(s) after =back

           Warnings
               multiple occurence of link target name, line con-
               taining nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file
               does not start with =head, No numeric argument for
               =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding
               non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one
               vs. two), N unescaped `<>' in paragraph, Unknown
               entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item,
               empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim
               paragraph in NAME section, Hyperlinks

       RETURN VALUE

       EXAMPLES

       INTERFACE

       `$checker->poderror( @args )', `$checker->poderror(
       {%opts}, @args )'

       `$checker->num_errors()'



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       `$checker->name()'

       `$checker->node()'

       `$checker->idx()'

       `$checker->hyperlink()'

       AUTHOR

       Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       OPTIONS
           -verbose, -perl, -script, -inc

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       ARGUMENTS
           backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot,
           index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath,
           podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose

       EXAMPLE

       ENVIRONMENT

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       COPYRIGHT

       Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input para-
       graphs,

       commands, etc."  commands, etc."

       SYNOPSIS





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       REQUIRES

       EXPORTS

       DESCRIPTION
           Pod::InputSource, Pod::Paragraph, Pod::InteriorSe-
           quence, Pod::ParseTree

       Pod::InputSource

       new()

       name()

       handle()

       was_cutting()

       Pod::Paragraph

       new()

       cmd_name()

       text()

       raw_text()

       cmd_prefix()

       cmd_separator()

       parse_tree()

       file_line()

       Pod::InteriorSequence

       new()

       cmd_name()

       prepend()

       append()

       nested()

       raw_text()

       left_delimiter()

       right_delimiter()




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       parse_tree()

       file_line()

       DESTROY()

       Pod::ParseTree

       new()

       top()

       children()

       prepend()

       append()

       raw_text()

       DESTROY()

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixed-
           bolditalic, release, section

       DIAGNOSTICS
           roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s', Invalid
           link %s, Unknown escape E<%s>, Unknown sequence %s,
           Unmatched =back

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION





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       Pod::List
           new()

       file()

       start()

       indent()

       type()

       rx()

       item()

       parent()

       tag()

       Pod::Hyperlink
           new()

       parse($string)

       markup($string)

       text()

       warning()

       line(), file()

       page()

       node()

       alttext()

       type()

       link()

       Pod::Cache
           new()

       item()

       find_page($name)

       Pod::Cache::Item
           new()

       page()




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       description()

       path()

       file()

       nodes()

       find_node($name)

       idx()

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and
       translators


       SYNOPSIS

       REQUIRES

       EXPORTS

       DESCRIPTION

       QUICK OVERVIEW

       PARSING OPTIONS
           -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd
           (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset)

       RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

       command()
           `$cmd', `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'

       verbatim()
           `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'

       textblock()
           `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'

       interior_sequence()

       OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

       new()

       initialize()





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PERLTOC(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLTOC(1)


       begin_pod()

       begin_input()

       end_input()

       end_pod()

       preprocess_line()

       preprocess_paragraph()

       METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING

       parse_text()
           -expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text =>
           code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code-
           ref|method-name

       interpolate()

       parse_paragraph()

       parse_from_filehandle()

       parse_from_file()

       ACCESSOR METHODS

       errorsub()

       cutting()

       parseopts()

       output_file()

       output_handle()

       input_file()

       input_handle()

       input_streams()

       top_stream()

       PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

       _push_input_stream()

       _pop_input_stream()





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       TREE-BASED PARSING

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old
       style Pod.


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           EXPORT

       AUTHOR

       SEE ALSO

       Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of
       POD from

       input" input"

       SYNOPSIS

       REQUIRES

       EXPORTS

       DESCRIPTION

       SECTION SPECIFICATIONS

       RANGE SPECIFICATIONS

       OBJECT METHODS

       curr_headings()

       select()

       add_selection()

       clear_selections()

       match_section()

       is_selected()

       EXPORTED FUNCTIONS





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       podselect()
           -output, -sections, -ranges

       PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

       _compile_section_spec()

       $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}

       $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           alt, indent, loose, sentence, width

       DIAGNOSTICS
           Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s,
           Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched
           =back

       RESTRICTIONS

       NOTES

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color
       ASCII text


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to
       ASCII

       text with format escapes" text with format escapes"



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       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from
       embedded pod

       documentation" documentation"

       SYNOPSIS

       ARGUMENTS
           `-message', `-msg', `-exitval', `-verbose', `-output',
           `-input', `-pathlist'

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

           Recommended Use

       CAVEATS

       AUTHOR

       ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

       SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           a new namespace, an operator mask

       WARNING

           RECENT CHANGES

           Methods in class Safe
               permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
               ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
               (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,



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               ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
               (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

           Some Safety Issues
               Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

           AUTHOR

       Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       SelfLoader - load functions only on demand


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           The __DATA__ token

           SelfLoader autoloading

           Autoloading and package lexicals

           SelfLoader and AutoLoader

           __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.

           Classes and inherited methods.

       Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

       Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR






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       Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa -
       load the C

       socket.h defines and structure manipulators" socket.h
       defines and structure manipulators"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY,
           INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sock-
           addr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN,
           pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
           SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCK-
           ADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un
           SOCKADDR_UN

       Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog
       - Perl

       interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls" interface to the
       UNIX syslog calls"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
           $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
           $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog

       EXAMPLES

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR






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       Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlog-
       mask, syslog -

       Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls" Perl interface
       to the UNIX syslog calls"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
           $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
           $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog

       EXAMPLES

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape
       sequences


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       DIAGNOSTICS
           Invalid attribute name %s, Identifier %s used only
           once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehan-
           dle, Bareword %s not allowed while "strict subs" in
           use

       RESTRICTIONS

       AUTHORS

       Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       Term::Complete - Perl word completion module


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>




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       DIAGNOSTICS

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various `readline'
       packages. If

       no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of
       basic functions."  no real package is found, substitutes
       stubs instead of basic functions."

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Minimal set of supported functions
           `ReadLine', `new', `readline', `addhistory', `IN',
           $`OUT', `MinLine', `findConsole', Attribs, `Features'

       Additional supported functions
           `tkRunning', `ornaments', `newTTY'

       EXPORTS

       ENVIRONMENT

       Test - provides a simple framework for writing test
       scripts


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       TEST TYPES
           NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS

       RETURN VALUE

       ONFAIL

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHOR

       Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with
       statistics


       SYNOPSIS





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       DESCRIPTION

           The test script output

       EXPORT

       DIAGNOSTICS
           `All tests successful.\nFiles=%d,  Tests=%d, %s',
           `FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.',
           `Test returned status %d (wstat %d)', `Failed 1 test,
           %.2f%% okay. %s', `Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
           %s'

       ENVIRONMENT

       SEE ALSO

       AUTHORS

       BUGS

       Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a
       list


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLE

       Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or
       array of

       arrays" arrays"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES
           0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because
           of our $delim, 2use of quotes to include a space in a
           word, 3use of a backslash to include a space in a
           word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special mean-
           ing of a double-quote, 5another simple word (note the
           lack of effect of the backslashed double-quote)

       AUTHORS

       Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as
       Described

       by Knuth" by Knuth"



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       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLES

       LIMITATIONS

       AUTHOR

       Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix
       expand(1) and

       unexpand(1)" unexpand"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       AUTHOR

       Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject
       to

       change)" change)"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       FUNCTIONS
           new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE,
           async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait
           VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARI-
           ABLE, yield

       METHODS
           join, eval, detach, equal, tid

       LIMITATIONS




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       SEE ALSO

       Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
           new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending

       SEE ALSO

       Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
           new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER

       Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers
       reliably


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       BUGS

       Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value,
           FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this,
           count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE
           this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST,
           POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this,
           offset, length, LIST




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       CAVEATS

       AUTHOR

       Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle  - base class definitions for
       tied

       handles" handles"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length,
           offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST,
           READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC
           this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
           EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence,
           DESTROY this

       MORE INFORMATION

       Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied
       hashes


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH
           this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey,
           EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this

       CAVEATS

       MORE INFORMATION

       Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       EXAMPLE

       AUTHOR

       VERSION

       SEE ALSO







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       Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for
       tied

       scalars" scalars"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
           value, DESTROY this

       MORE INFORMATION

       Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hash-
       ing


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       CAVEATS

       Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT
       time


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       IMPLEMENTATION

       BUGS

       Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       gmtime()

       function" function"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       localtime()

       function" function"





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       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and
       Time::localtime


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

       UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed refer-
       ences)


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION
           isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ),
           UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL,
           METHOD )

       User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       getgr*()

       functions" functions"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
       getpw*()

       functions" functions"

       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

           System Specifics





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       NOTE

       AUTHOR

       HISTORY
           March 18th, 2000

       XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code


       SYNOPSIS

       DESCRIPTION

       AUTHOR

AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
       Here should be listed all the extra programs' documenta-
       tion, but they don't all have manual pages yet:

       a2p

       s2p

       find2perl

       h2ph

       c2ph

       h2xs

       xsubpp

       pod2man

       wrapsuid

AUTHOR
       Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of
       other folks.
















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