LAST(1)                    OpenBSD Reference Manual                    LAST(1)

NAME
     last - indicate last logins of users and ttys

SYNOPSIS
     last [-csT] [-n] [-f file] [-h host] [-t tty] [-d
          [[yy]yy[mm[dd[hh]]]]mm[.ss]] [user ...]

DESCRIPTION
     The last utility will either (1) list the sessions of specified users,
     ttys, and hosts, in reverse time order, or (2) list the users logged in
     at a specified snapshot date & time in reverse time order.  Each line of
     output contains the user name, the tty from which the session was con-
     ducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the
     duration of the session.  If the session is still continuing or was cut
     short by a crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.

     The options are as follows:

     -c          Calculates the total time displayed and prints it after the
                 output.

     -f file     last reads the file file instead of the default,
                 /var/log/wtmp.

     -n          Limits the report to n lines.

     -s          Display time values in seconds since the epoch, instead of
                 formatted dates.

     -t tty      Specify the tty. tty names may be given fully or abbreviated,
                 for example, last -t 03 is equivalent to last -t tty03.

     -h host     host names may be names or internet numbers.

     -T          Display better time information, including seconds.

     -d date     Specify the snapshot date & time.  All users logged in at the
                 snapshot date & time will be reported.  This may be used with
                 the -f option to derive the results from stored wtmp files.
                 When this argument is provided, all other options except for
                 -f and -n are ignored.  The argument should be in the form
                 ``[[CC]YY][MMDD]hhmm[.SS]'' where each pair of letters repre-
                 sents the following:

                       CC      The first two digits of the year (the century).
                       YY      The second two digits of the year.  If ``YY''
                               is specified, but ``CC'' is not, a value for
                               ``YY'' between 69 and 99 results in a ``CC''
                               value of 19.  Otherwise, a ``CC'' value of 20
                               is used.
                       MM      Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
                       DD      Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
                       hh      Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
                       mm      Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
                       SS      Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.

                 If the ``CC'' and ``YY'' letter pairs are not specified, the
                 values default to the current year.  If the ``SS'' letter
                 pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.

     If multiple arguments are given, and a snapshot time is not specified,
     the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g.,
     last root -t console would list all of root's sessions as well as all
     sessions on the console terminal.  If no users, hostnames, or terminals
     are specified, last prints a record of all logins and logouts.

     The pseudo-user ``reboot'' logs in at reboots of the system; thus last
     reboot will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

     If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has pro-
     gressed.  If interrupted with a quit signal last indicates how far the
     search has progressed and then continues.

FILES
     /var/log/wtmp  login data base

SEE ALSO
     lastcomm(1), utmp(5), ac(8)

HISTORY
     The last command appeared in 3.0BSD.

OpenBSD 2.8                      June 6, 1993                                2
