PR(1)                      OpenBSD Reference Manual                      PR(1)

NAME
     pr - print files

SYNOPSIS
     pr [+page] [-column] [-adfFmrt] [[-e] [char] [gap]] [-h header] [[-i]
        [char] [gap]] [-l lines] [-o offset] [[-s] [char]] [[-n] [char]
        [width]] [-w width] [-] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
     The pr utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files.  When
     multiple input files are specified, each is read, formatted, and written
     to standard output.  By default, the input is separated into 66-line
     pages, each with

           o   A 5-line header with the page number, date, time, and the path-
               name of the file.

           o   A 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines.

     Optionally, the trailer can be replaced by a <form-feed> where this is
     more appropriate for the output device being used and <tab>s can be ex-
     panded to input relative <spaces>s or <space>s can contracted to output
     relative <tab>s. The pr utility also interprets <form-feed>s in the input
     as logical end of pages.

     When multiple column output is specified, text columns are of equal
     width.  By default text columns are separated by at least one <blank>.
     Input lines that do not fit into a text column are truncated, except in
     the default single columns output mode.

     If standard output is associated with a terminal, diagnostic messages are
     suppressed until the pr utility has completed processing.

     In the following option descriptions, column, lines, offset, page, and
     width are positive decimal integers and gap is a non-negative decimal in-
     teger.

     The options are as follows:

     +page   Begin output at page number page of the formatted input.

     -column
             Produce output that is columns wide (default is 1) that is writ-
             ten vertically down each column in the order in which the text is
             received from the input file.  The options -e and -i are assumed.
             This option should not be used with -m. When used with -t, the
             minimum number of lines is used to display the output.

     -a      Modify the effect of the -column option so that the columns are
             filled across the page in a round-robin order (e.g., when column
             is 2, the first input line heads column 1, the second heads col-
             umn 2, the third is the second line in column 1, etc.).  This op-
             tion requires the use of the -column option.

     -d      Produce output that is double spaced.  An extra <newline> charac-
             ter is output following every <newline> found in the input.

     -e [char][gap]
             Expand each input <tab> to the next greater column position spec-
             ified by the formula n*gap+1, where n is an integer > 0.  If gap
             is zero or is omitted the default is 8.  All <tab> characters in
             the input are expanded into the appropriate number of <space>s.
             If any nondigit character, char, is specified, it is used as the

             input tab character.

     -F      Use a <form-feed> character for new pages, instead of the default
             behavior that uses a sequence of <newline> characters.

     -f      Same as the -F option.

     -h header
             Use the string header to replace the file name in the header
             line.

     -i [char][gap]
             In output, replace multiple <space>s with <tab>s whenever two or
             more adjacent <space>s reach column positions gap+1, 2*gap+1,
             etc.  If gap is zero or omitted, default <tab> settings at every
             eighth column position is used.  If any nondigit character, char,
             is specified, it is used as the output <tab> character.

     -l lines
             Override the 66 line default and reset the page length to lines.
             If lines is not greater than the sum of both the header and
             trailer depths (in lines), the pr utility suppresses output of
             both the header and trailer, as if the -t option were in effect.

     -m      Merge the contents of multiple files.  One line from each file
             specified by a file operand is written side by side into text
             columns of equal fixed widths, in terms of the number of column
             positions.  The number of text columns depends on the number of
             file operands successfully opened.  The maximum number of files
             merged depends on page width and the per process open file limit.
             The options -e and -i are assumed.

     -n [char][width]
             Provide width digit line numbering.  The default for width, if
             not specified, is 5.  The number occupies the first width column
             positions of each text column or each line of -m output.  If char
             (any nondigit character) is given, it is appended to the line
             number to separate it from whatever follows.  The default for
             char is a <tab>. Line numbers longer than width columns are trun-
             cated.

     -o offset
             Each line of output is preceded by offset <spaces>s. If the -o
             option is not specified, the default is zero.  The space taken is
             in addition to the output line width.

     -r      Write no diagnostic reports on failure to open a file.

     -s char
             Separate text columns by the single character char instead of by
             the appropriate number of <space>s (default for char is the <tab>
             character).

     -t      Print neither the five-line identifying header nor the five-line
             trailer usually supplied for each page.  Quit printing after the
             last line of each file without spacing to the end of the page.

     -w width
             Set the width of the line to width column positions for multiple
             text-column output only.  If the -w option is not specified and
             the -s option is not specified, the default width is 72.  If the
             -w option is not specified and the -s option is specified, the
             default width is 512.

     file    A pathname of a file to be printed.  If no file operands are
             specified, or if a file operand is ``-'', the standard input is
             used.  The standard input is used only if no file operands are
             specified, or if a file operand is ``-''.

     The -s option does not allow the option letter to be separated from its
     argument, and the options -e, -i, and -n require that both arguments, if
     present, not be separated from the option letter.

ERRORS
     If pr receives an interrupt while printing to a terminal, it flushes all
     accumulated error messages to the screen before terminating.

     The pr utility exits 0 on success, and 1 if an error occurs.

     Error messages are written to standard error during the printing process
     (if output is redirected) or after all successful file printing is com-
     plete (when printing to a terminal).

NOTES
     The interpretation of <form-feed>s in the input stream is that they are
     special <newline>s which have the side effect of causing a page break.
     While this works correctly for all cases, strict interpretation also im-
     plies that the common convention of placing a <form-feed> on a line by
     itself is actually interpreted as a blank line, page break, blank line.

RESTRICTIONS
     The pr utility is intended to paginate input containing basic ascii(7)
     text formatting and input streams containing non-printing <control-
     characters>, <escape-sequences> or long lines may result in formatting
     errors.

     The pr utility does not currently understand over-printing using <back-
     space> or <return> characters, and except in the case of unmodified sin-
     gle-column output, use of these characters will cause formatting errors.

SEE ALSO
     cat(1), more(1), ascii(7)

STANDARDS
     The pr utility is IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX.2'') compatible; however, that
     standard is relatively silent concerning the handling of input characters
     beyond the behavior dictated by the pr required command options.

HISTORY
     A pr command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

BUGS
     The lack of a line wrapping option, and the specification that truncation
     does not apply to single-column output frequently results in formatting
     errors when input lines are longer than actual line width of the output
     device.

     The default width of 72 is archaic and non-obvious since it is normally
     ignored in the default single column mode.  Using the -m option with one
     column provides a way to truncate single column output but there's no way
     to wrap long times to a fixed line width.

     The default of <tab> for the separator for the -n and -s options often
     results in lines apparently wider than expected.

OpenBSD 2.9                      June 6, 1993                                3
