FTPD(8)                 OpenBSD System Manager's Manual                FTPD(8)

NAME
     ftpd - Internet File Transfer Protocol server

SYNOPSIS
     ftpd [-AdDhlMPSU46] [-T maxtimeout] [-t timeout] [-u mask]

DESCRIPTION
     ftpd is the Internet File Transfer Protocol server process.  The server
     uses the TCP protocol and listens at the port specified in the ``ftp''
     service specification; see services(5).

     The options are as follows:

     -A      Permit only anonymous ftp connections, accounts listed in
             /etc/ftpchroot or users in a login class with the ``ftp-chroot''
             variable set (see below).  Other connection attempts are refused.

     -d      Debugging information is written to the syslog using LOG_FTP.

     -D      With this option set, ftpd will detach and become a daemon, ac-
             cepting connections on the FTP port and forking child processes
             to handle them.  This has lower overhead than starting ftpd from
             inetd(8) and is thus useful on busy servers to reduce load.

     -h      The server will use data ports in the high port range for passive
             connections.  This range is defined by the IPPORT_HIFIRSTAUTO and
             IPPORT_HILASTAUTO defines in <netinet/in.h>.  In OpenBSD they are
             set to 49152 and 65535 respectively.

     -l      Each successful and failed ftp(1) session is logged using syslog
             with a facility of LOG_FTP.  If this option is specified twice,
             the retrieve (get), store (put), append, delete, make directory,
             remove directory and rename operations and their filename argu-
             ments are also logged.

     -M      Enables multihomed mode.  Instead of simply using ~ftp for anony-
             mous transfers, a directory matching the fully qualified name of
             the IP number the client connected to, and located inside ~ftp is
             used instead.

     -P      Permit illegal port numbers or addresses for PORT command initi-
             ated connects.  By default ftpd(8) violates the RFC and thus con-
             strains the PORT command to non-reserved ports and requires it
             use the same source address as the connection came from.  This
             prevents the "FTP bounce attack" against services on both the lo-
             cal machine and other local machines.

     -S      With this option set, ftpd logs all anonymous downloads to the
             file /var/log/ftpd when this file exists.

     -U      Each concurrent ftp(1) session is logged to the file
             /var/run/utmp, making them visible to commands such as who(1).

     -4      When -D is specified, forces ftpd to use IPv4 addresses only.

     -6      When -D is specified, forces ftpd to use IPv6 addresses only.

     -T maxtimeout
             A client may also request a different timeout period; the maximum
             period allowed may be set to maxtimeout seconds with the -T op-
             tion.  The default limit is 2 hours.

     -t timeout
             The inactivity timeout period is set to timeout seconds (the de-
             fault is 15 minutes).

     -u mask
             Force the umask to mask. instead of the default specified in
             /etc/login.conf (usually 022).  Also disallows chmod.

     The file /etc/nologin can be used to disable ftp access.  If the file ex-
     ists, ftpd displays it and exits.  If the file /etc/ftpwelcome exists,
     ftpd prints it before issuing the ``ready'' message.  If the welcome file
     exists (/etc/motd by default), ftpd prints it after a successful login.
     If the file .message exists in a directory, ftpd prints it when that di-
     rectory is entered.

     The ftp server currently supports the following ftp requests.  The case
     of the requests is ignored.

           Request    Description
           ABOR       abort previous command
           ACCT       specify account (ignored)
           ALLO       allocate storage (vacuously)
           APPE       append to a file
           CDUP       change to parent of current working directory
           CWD        change working directory
           DELE       delete a file
           EPSV       prepare for server-to-server transfer
           EPRT       specify data connection port
           HELP       give help information
           LIST       give list files in a directory (``ls -lgA'')
           LPSV       prepare for server-to-server transfer
           LPRT       specify data connection port
           MKD        make a directory
           MDTM       show last modification time of file
           MODE       specify data transfer mode
           NLST       give name list of files in directory
           NOOP       do nothing
           PASS       specify password
           PASV       prepare for server-to-server transfer
           PORT       specify data connection port
           PWD        print the current working directory
           QUIT       terminate session
           REST       restart incomplete transfer
           RETR       retrieve a file
           RMD        remove a directory
           RNFR       specify rename-from file name
           RNTO       specify rename-to file name
           SITE       non-standard commands (see next section)
           SIZE       return size of file
           STAT       return status of server
           STOR       store a file
           STOU       store a file with a unique name
           STRU       specify data transfer structure
           SYST       show operating system type of server system
           TYPE       specify data transfer type
           USER       specify user name
           XCUP       change to parent of current working directory
                      (deprecated)
           XCWD       change working directory (deprecated)
           XMKD       make a directory (deprecated)
           XPWD       print the current working directory (deprecated)
           XRMD       remove a directory (deprecated)

     The following non-standard or UNIX specific commands are supported by the
     SITE request.



           Request    Description
           UMASK      change umask, e.g., ``SITE UMASK 002''
           IDLE       set idle-timer, e.g., ``SITE IDLE 60''
           CHMOD      change mode of a file, e.g., ``SITE CHMOD0 0CHMOD1
                      1CHMOD2
           HELP       give help information.

     The remaining ftp requests specified in Internet RFC 959 are recognized,
     but not implemented.  MDTM and SIZE are not specified in RFC 959, but
     will appear in the next updated FTP RFC.

     The ftp server will abort an active file transfer only when the ABOR com-
     mand is preceded by a Telnet "Interrupt Process" (IP) signal and a Telnet
     "Synch" signal in the command Telnet stream, as described in Internet RFC
     959.  If a STAT command is received during a data transfer, preceded by a
     Telnet IP and Synch, transfer status will be returned.

     ftpd interprets file names according to the ``globbing'' conventions used
     by csh(1). This allows users to utilize the metacharacters ``*?[]{}~''.

     ftpd authenticates users by using the service and type of ftp, as defined
     in the /etc/login.conf file (see login.conf(5)). An authentication style
     may be specified by appending with a colon ( ``:'' ) following the au-
     thentication style, i.e.  ``joe:skey''. The allowed authentication styles
     for ftpd may be explicitly specified by the ``auth-ftpd'' entry in
     /etc/login.conf.

     ftpd authenticates users according to five rules.

           1.   The login name must be in the password database and not have a
                null password.  In this case a password must be provided by
                the client before any file operations may be performed.

           2.   The login name must not appear in the file /etc/ftpusers.

           3.   The user must have a standard shell as described by shells(5).

           4.   If the user name appears in the file /etc/ftpchroot the ses-
                sion's root will be changed to the user's login directory by
                chroot(2) as for an ``anonymous'' or ``ftp'' account (see next
                item).  However, the user must still supply a password.  This
                feature is intended as a compromise between a fully anonymous
                account and a fully privileged account.  The account should
                also be set up as for an anonymous account.

           5.   If the user name is ``anonymous'' or ``ftp'', an anonymous ftp
                account must be present in the password file (user ``ftp'').
                In this case the user is allowed to log in by specifying any
                password (by convention an email address for the user should
                be used as the password).

     Once a user is authenticated the user must be approved by any approval
     script defined (see login.conf). If a valid approval script (by either
     :approve=...: or :approve-ftp=...: for the user's class) is defined then
     it is run and must exit with a 0 (success) status.  When ftpd is running
     under the -D flag (and debugging is not turned on) then the approval
     script will be called with at least the following variables specified via
     the -v option (see login.conf(5)) to the approve script:

           Variable    Description
           FTPD_HOST   The server's (virtual) hostname

     For example (the line is broken to fit the page):


           /usr/libexec/auth/approve_ftpd -v FTPD_HOST=ftp.mycompany.com \
                 username class service

     When the user logs in to the anonymous ftp account, ftpd takes special
     measures to restrict the client's access privileges.  The server performs
     a chroot(2) to the home directory of the ``ftp'' user.  In order that
     system security is not breached, it is recommended that the ``ftp'' sub-
     tree be constructed with care, following these rules:

           ~ftp      Make the home directory owned by ``root'' and unwritable
                     by anyone (mode 555).

           ~ftp/bin  Make this directory owned by ``root'' and unwritable by
                     anyone (mode 511).  This directory is optional unless you
                     have commands you wish the anonymous ftp user to be able
                     to run (the ls(1) command exists as a builtin).  Any pro-
                     grams in this directory should be mode 111 (executable
                     only).

           ~ftp/etc  Make this directory owned by ``root'' and unwritable by
                     anyone (mode 511).  The files pwd.db (see pwd_mkdb(8))
                     and group(5) must be present for the ls command to be
                     able to produce owner names rather than numbers.  The
                     password field in pwd.db is not used, and should not con-
                     tain real passwords.  The file motd, if present, will be
                     printed after a successful login.  These files should be
                     mode 444.

           ~ftp/pub  Make this directory mode 555 and owned by ``root''. This
                     is traditionally where publicly accessible files are
                     stored for download.

     If logging to the /var/log/ftpd file is enabled, information will be
     written in the following format:

           time            The time and date of the download, in ctime(3) for-
                           mat.
           elapsed time    The elapsed time, in seconds.
           remote host     The remote host (or IP number).
           bytes           The number of bytes transferred.
           path            The full path (relative the ftp chroot space) of
                           the file transferred.
           type            The type of transfer; either ``a'' for ASCII or
                           ``b'' for binary.
           unused          Unused field containing a ``*'', for compatibility.
           unused          Unused field containing a ``o'', for compatibility.
           user type       The type of user, either ``a'' for anonymous, or
                           ``r'' for a real user (should always be anonymous).
           name            Either a system login name or the value given for
                           ``email address'' if an anonymous user.
           unused          Unused field, containing a ``0'', for compatibili-
                           ty.
           real name       The system login name if the connection is not
                           anonymous, or a ``*'' if it is.
           virtual host    The virtual host that the connection was made to.

     Although fields exist for logging information on real users, this file is
     only used for anonymous downloads.  Unused fields exist only for compati-
     bility with other ftpd implementations.

LOGIN.CONF VARIABLES
     The ftpd daemon uses the following ftp specific parameters:

     auth-ftp    The list of authentication types available to this class.


                 See login.conf(5).

     ftp-chroot  A boolean value.  If set, users in this class will be auto-
                 matically chrooted to the user's login directory.

     ftp-dir     A path to a directory.  This value overrides the login direc-
                 tory for users in this class.  A leading tilde (`~') in ftp-
                 dir will be expanded to the user's home directory based on
                 the contents of the password database.

     welcome     The path of the file containing the welcome message.  If this
                 variable is not set, /etc/motd is used.

FILES
     /etc/ftpusers      list of unwelcome/restricted users
     /etc/ftpchroot     list of normal users who should be chrooted
     /etc/ftpwelcome    welcome notice
     /etc/nologin       displayed and access refused
     /var/run/utmp      list of users on the system
     /var/run/ftpd.pid  process ID if running in daemon mode
     /var/log/ftpd      log file for anonymous downloads

SEE ALSO
     ftp(1), skey(1), who(1), chroot(2), login.conf(5), shells(5), inetd(8),
     syslogd(8), ftp-proxy(8)

HISTORY
     The ftpd command appeared in 4.2BSD.

BUGS
     The server must run as the superuser to create sockets with privileged
     port numbers.  It maintains an effective user ID of the logged in user,
     reverting to the superuser only when binding addresses to sockets.  The
     possible security holes have been extensively scrutinized, but are possi-
     bly incomplete.

OpenBSD 3.0                      June 18, 1996                               5
