MD4(3)                    OpenBSD Programmer's Manual                   MD4(3)

NAME
     MD4Init, MD4Update, MD4Final, MD4Transform, MD4End, MD4File, MD4Data -
     calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

SYNOPSIS
     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <md4.h>

     void
     MD4Init(MD4_CTX *context);

     void
     MD4Update(MD4_CTX *context, const unsigned char *data, unsigned int len);

     void
     MD4Final(unsigned char digest[16], MD4_CTX *context);

     void
     MD4Transform(u_int32_t state[4], unsigned char block[64]);

     char *
     MD4End(MD4_CTX *context, char *buf);

     char *
     MD4File(char *filename, char *buf);

     char *
     MD4Data(const unsigned char *data, unsigned int len, char *buf);

DESCRIPTION
     The MD4 functions calculate a 128-bit cryptographic checksum (digest) for
     any number of input bytes.  A cryptographic checksum is a one-way hash-
     function, that is, you cannot find (except by exhaustive search) the in-
     put corresponding to a particular output.  This net result is a
     ``fingerprint'' of the input-data, which doesn't disclose the actual in-
     put.

     MD2 is the slowest, MD4 is the fastest and MD5 is somewhere in the mid-
     dle.  MD2 can only be used for Privacy-Enhanced Mail.  MD4 has been shown
     to have severe vulnerabilities; it should only be used where necessary
     for backward compatibility.  MD5 has not yet (1999-02-11) been broken,
     but recent attacks have cast some doubt on its security properties.  The
     attacks on both MD4 and MD5 are both in the nature of finding
     ``collisions'' - that is, multiple inputs which hash to the same value;
     it is still unlikely for an attacker to be able to determine the exact
     original input given a hash value.

     The MD4Init(), MD4Update(), and MD4Final() functions are the core func-
     tions.  Allocate an MD4_CTX, initialize it with MD4Init(), run over the
     data with MD4Update(), and finally extract the result using MD4Final().
     When a null pointer is passed to MD4Final() as first argument only the
     final padding will be applied and the current context can still be used
     with MD4Update().

     The MD4Transform() function is used by MD4Update() to hash 512-bit blocks
     and forms the core of the algorithm.  Most programs should use the inter-
     face provided by MD4Init(), MD4Update() and MD4Final() instead of calling
     MD4Transform() directly.

     MD4End() is a wrapper for MD4Final() which converts the return value to a
     33-character (including the terminating '\0') ASCII string which repre-
     sents the 128 bits in hexadecimal.

     MD4File() calculates the digest of a file, and uses MD4End() to return
     the result.  If the file cannot be opened, a null pointer is returned.
     MD4Data() calculates the digest of a chunk of data in memory, and uses
     MD4End() to return the result.

     When using MD4End(), MD4File(), or MD4Data(), the buf argument can be a
     null pointer, in which case the returned string is allocated with
     malloc(3) and subsequently must be explicitly deallocated using free(3)
     after use.  If the buf argument is non-null it must point to at least 33
     characters of buffer space.

SEE ALSO
     md5(3), rmd160(3), sha1(3)

     B. Kaliski, The MD2 Message-Digest Algorithm, RFC 1319.

     R. Rivest, The MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm, RFC 1186.

     R. Rivest, The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm, RFC 1321.

     RSA Laboratories, Frequently Asked Questions About today's Cryptography,
     <http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/faq/>.

     H. Dobbertin, "Alf Swindles Ann", CryptoBytes, 1(3):5, 1995.

     MJ. B. Robshaw, "On Recent Results for MD2, MD4 and MD5", RSA
     Laboratories Bulletin, 4, November 12, 1996.

     Hans Dobbertin, Cryptanalysis of MD5 Compress.

HISTORY
     These functions appeared in OpenBSD 2.0.

AUTHORS
     The original MD4 routines were developed by RSA Data Security, Inc., and
     published in the above references.  This code is derived directly from
     these implementations by Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@login.dkuug.dk>

     Phk ristede runen.

BUGS
     Hans Dobbertin has shown collisions for the full version of MD4 and found
     a collision in the compress function of MD5.  The use of SHA or
     RIPEMD-160 is recommended instead.

     MD2 has only been licensed for use in Privacy Enhanced Mail.  Use MD4 or
     MD5 if that isn't what you're doing.

COPYRIGHT
     Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All rights
     reserved.

     License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is
     identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm"
     in all material mentioning or referencing this software or this function.
     License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided that
     such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data Security, Inc.
     MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing
     the derived work.

     RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either the
     merchantability of this software or the suitability of this software for
     any particular purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
     warranty of any kind.

     These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documen-
     tation and/or software.

OpenBSD 3.5                     October 9, 1996                              2
