Module encoding from libxml2

# ## Module encoding from libxml2

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interface for the encoding conversion functions needed for XML basic encoding and iconv() support. Related specs are rfc2044 (UTF-8 and UTF-16) F. Yergeau Alis Technologies [ISO-10646] UTF-8 and UTF-16 in Annexes [ISO-8859-1] ISO Latin-1 characters codes. [UNICODE] The Unicode Consortium, "The Unicode Standard -- Worldwide Character Encoding -- Version 1.0", Addison- Wesley, Volume 1, 1991, Volume 2, 1992. UTF-8 is described in Unicode Technical Report #4. [US-ASCII] Coded Character Set--7-bit American Standard Code for Information Interchange, ANSI X3.4-1986. ## Table of Contents
    Enum xmlCharEncoding
    Structure xmlCharEncodingHandler
    struct _xmlCharEncodingHandler
    Typedef xmlCharEncodingHandler * xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr
    int	UTF8Toisolat1			(unsigned char * out,
    					 int * outlen,
    					 const unsigned char * in,
    					 int * inlen)
    int	isolat1ToUTF8			(unsigned char * out,
    					 int * outlen,
    					 const unsigned char * in,
    					 int * inlen)
    int	xmlAddEncodingAlias		(const char * name,
    					 const char * alias)
    int	xmlCharEncCloseFunc		(xmlCharEncodingHandler * handler)
    int	xmlCharEncFirstLine		(xmlCharEncodingHandler * handler,
    					 xmlBufferPtr out,
    					 xmlBufferPtr in)
    int	xmlCharEncInFunc		(xmlCharEncodingHandler * handler,
    					 xmlBufferPtr out,
    					 xmlBufferPtr in)
    int	xmlCharEncOutFunc		(xmlCharEncodingHandler * handler,
    					 xmlBufferPtr out,
    					 xmlBufferPtr in)
    Function type: xmlCharEncodingInputFunc
    int	xmlCharEncodingInputFunc	(unsigned char * out,
    					 int * outlen,
    					 const unsigned char * in,
    					 int * inlen)
    Function type: xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc
    int	xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc	(unsigned char * out,
    					 int * outlen,
    					 const unsigned char * in,
    					 int * inlen)
    void	xmlCleanupCharEncodingHandlers	(void)
    void	xmlCleanupEncodingAliases	(void)
    int	xmlDelEncodingAlias		(const char * alias)
    xmlCharEncoding	xmlDetectCharEncoding	(const unsigned char * in,
    					 int len)
    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr	xmlFindCharEncodingHandler	(const char * name)
    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr	xmlGetCharEncodingHandler	(xmlCharEncoding enc)
    const char *	xmlGetCharEncodingName	(xmlCharEncoding enc)
    const char *	xmlGetEncodingAlias	(const char * alias)
    void	xmlInitCharEncodingHandlers	(void)
    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr	xmlNewCharEncodingHandler	(const char * name,
    							 xmlCharEncodingInputFunc input,
    							 xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc output)
    xmlCharEncoding	xmlParseCharEncoding	(const char * name)
    void	xmlRegisterCharEncodingHandler	(xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr handler)
## Description ### Enum xmlCharEncoding
    Enum xmlCharEncoding {
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_ERROR = -1 : No char encoding detected
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_NONE = 0 : No char encoding detected
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_UTF8 = 1 : UTF-8
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_UTF16LE = 2 : UTF-16 little endian
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_UTF16BE = 3 : UTF-16 big endian
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_UCS4LE = 4 : UCS-4 little endian
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_UCS4BE = 5 : UCS-4 big endian
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_EBCDIC = 6 : EBCDIC uh!
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_UCS4_2143 = 7 : UCS-4 unusual ordering
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_UCS4_3412 = 8 : UCS-4 unusual ordering
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_UCS2 = 9 : UCS-2
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_1 = 10 : ISO-8859-1 ISO Latin 1
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_2 = 11 : ISO-8859-2 ISO Latin 2
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_3 = 12 : ISO-8859-3
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_4 = 13 : ISO-8859-4
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_5 = 14 : ISO-8859-5
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_6 = 15 : ISO-8859-6
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_7 = 16 : ISO-8859-7
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_8 = 17 : ISO-8859-8
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_8859_9 = 18 : ISO-8859-9
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_2022_JP = 19 : ISO-2022-JP
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_SHIFT_JIS = 20 : Shift_JIS
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_EUC_JP = 21 : EUC-JP
        XML_CHAR_ENCODING_ASCII = 22 : pure ASCII
    }
### Structure xmlCharEncodingHandler
    Structure xmlCharEncodingHandler
    struct _xmlCharEncodingHandler {
        char *	name
        xmlCharEncodingInputFunc	input
        xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc	output
        iconv_t	iconv_in
        iconv_t	iconv_out
    }
### Function: UTF8Toisolat1
    int	UTF8Toisolat1			(unsigned char * out,
    					 int * outlen,
    					 const unsigned char * in,
    					 int * inlen)
Take a block of UTF-8 chars in and try to convert it to an ISO Latin 1 block of chars out.
`out`: | a pointer to an array of bytes to store the result
`outlen`: | the length of @out
`in`: | a pointer to an array of UTF-8 chars
`inlen`: | the length of @in
`Returns`: | 0 if success, -2 if the transcoding fails, or -1 otherwise The value of @inlen after return is the number of octets consumed if the return value is positive, else unpredictable. The value of @outlen after return is the number of octets consumed.
### Function: isolat1ToUTF8
    int	isolat1ToUTF8			(unsigned char * out,
    					 int * outlen,
    					 const unsigned char * in,
    					 int * inlen)
Take a block of ISO Latin 1 chars in and try to convert it to an UTF-8 block of chars out.
`out`: | a pointer to an array of bytes to store the result
`outlen`: | the length of @out
`in`: | a pointer to an array of ISO Latin 1 chars
`inlen`: | the length of @in
`Returns`: | 0 if success, or -1 otherwise The value of @inlen after return is the number of octets consumed if the return value is positive, else unpredictable. The value of @outlen after return is the number of octets consumed.
### Function: xmlAddEncodingAlias
    int	xmlAddEncodingAlias		(const char * name,
    					 const char * alias)
Registers an alias @alias for an encoding named @name. Existing alias will be overwritten.
`name`: | the encoding name as parsed, in UTF-8 format (ASCII actually)
`alias`: | the alias name as parsed, in UTF-8 format (ASCII actually)
`Returns`: | 0 in case of success, -1 in case of error
### Function: xmlCharEncCloseFunc
    int	xmlCharEncCloseFunc		(xmlCharEncodingHandler * handler)
Generic front-end for encoding handler close function
`handler`: | char enconding transformation data structure
`Returns`: | 0 if success, or -1 in case of error
### Function: xmlCharEncFirstLine
    int	xmlCharEncFirstLine		(xmlCharEncodingHandler * handler,
    					 xmlBufferPtr out,
    					 xmlBufferPtr in)
Front-end for the encoding handler input function, but handle only the very first line, i.e. limit itself to 45 chars.
`handler`: | char enconding transformation data structure
`out`: | an xmlBuffer for the output.
`in`: | an xmlBuffer for the input
`Returns`: | the number of byte written if success, or -1 general error -2 if the transcoding fails (for *in is not valid utf8 string or the result of transformation can't fit into the encoding we want), or
### Function: xmlCharEncInFunc
    int	xmlCharEncInFunc		(xmlCharEncodingHandler * handler,
    					 xmlBufferPtr out,
    					 xmlBufferPtr in)
Generic front-end for the encoding handler input function
`handler`: | char encoding transformation data structure
`out`: | an xmlBuffer for the output.
`in`: | an xmlBuffer for the input
`Returns`: | the number of byte written if success, or -1 general error -2 if the transcoding fails (for *in is not valid utf8 string or the result of transformation can't fit into the encoding we want), or
### Function: xmlCharEncOutFunc
    int	xmlCharEncOutFunc		(xmlCharEncodingHandler * handler,
    					 xmlBufferPtr out,
    					 xmlBufferPtr in)
Generic front-end for the encoding handler output function a first call with @in == NULL has to be made firs to initiate the output in case of non-stateless encoding needing to initiate their state or the output (like the BOM in UTF16). In case of UTF8 sequence conversion errors for the given encoder, the content will be automatically remapped to a CharRef sequence.
`handler`: | char enconding transformation data structure
`out`: | an xmlBuffer for the output.
`in`: | an xmlBuffer for the input
`Returns`: | the number of byte written if success, or -1 general error -2 if the transcoding fails (for *in is not valid utf8 string or the result of transformation can't fit into the encoding we want), or
### Function type: xmlCharEncodingInputFunc
    Function type: xmlCharEncodingInputFunc
    int	xmlCharEncodingInputFunc	(unsigned char * out,
    					 int * outlen,
    					 const unsigned char * in,
    					 int * inlen)
Take a block of chars in the original encoding and try to convert it to an UTF-8 block of chars out.
`out`: | a pointer to an array of bytes to store the UTF-8 result
`outlen`: | the length of @out
`in`: | a pointer to an array of chars in the original encoding
`inlen`: | the length of @in
`Returns`: | the number of bytes written, -1 if lack of space, or -2 if the transcoding failed. The value of @inlen after return is the number of octets consumed if the return value is positive, else unpredictiable. The value of @outlen after return is the number of octets consumed.
### Function type: xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc
    Function type: xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc
    int	xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc	(unsigned char * out,
    					 int * outlen,
    					 const unsigned char * in,
    					 int * inlen)
Take a block of UTF-8 chars in and try to convert it to another encoding. Note: a first call designed to produce heading info is called with in = NULL. If stateful this should also initialize the encoder state.
`out`: | a pointer to an array of bytes to store the result
`outlen`: | the length of @out
`in`: | a pointer to an array of UTF-8 chars
`inlen`: | the length of @in
`Returns`: | the number of bytes written, -1 if lack of space, or -2 if the transcoding failed. The value of @inlen after return is the number of octets consumed if the return value is positive, else unpredictiable. The value of @outlen after return is the number of octets produced.
### Function: xmlCleanupCharEncodingHandlers
    void	xmlCleanupCharEncodingHandlers	(void)
Cleanup the memory allocated for the char encoding support, it unregisters all the encoding handlers and the aliases. ### Function: xmlCleanupEncodingAliases
    void	xmlCleanupEncodingAliases	(void)
Unregisters all aliases ### Function: xmlDelEncodingAlias
    int	xmlDelEncodingAlias		(const char * alias)
Unregisters an encoding alias @alias
`alias`: | the alias name as parsed, in UTF-8 format (ASCII actually)
`Returns`: | 0 in case of success, -1 in case of error
### Function: xmlDetectCharEncoding
    xmlCharEncoding	xmlDetectCharEncoding	(const unsigned char * in,
    					 int len)
Guess the encoding of the entity using the first bytes of the entity content according to the non-normative appendix F of the XML-1.0 recommendation.
`in`: | a pointer to the first bytes of the XML entity, must be at least 2 bytes long (at least 4 if encoding is UTF4 variant).
`len`: | pointer to the length of the buffer
`Returns`: | one of the XML_CHAR_ENCODING_... values.
### Function: xmlFindCharEncodingHandler
    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr	xmlFindCharEncodingHandler	(const char * name)
Search in the registered set the handler able to read/write that encoding.
`name`: | a string describing the char encoding.
`Returns`: | the handler or NULL if not found
### Function: xmlGetCharEncodingHandler
    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr	xmlGetCharEncodingHandler	(xmlCharEncoding enc)
Search in the registered set the handler able to read/write that encoding.
`enc`: | an xmlCharEncoding value.
`Returns`: | the handler or NULL if not found
### Function: xmlGetCharEncodingName
    const char *	xmlGetCharEncodingName	(xmlCharEncoding enc)
The "canonical" name for XML encoding. C.f. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#charencoding Section 4.3.3 Character Encoding in Entities
`enc`: | the encoding
`Returns`: | the canonical name for the given encoding
### Function: xmlGetEncodingAlias
    const char *	xmlGetEncodingAlias	(const char * alias)
Lookup an encoding name for the given alias.
`alias`: | the alias name as parsed, in UTF-8 format (ASCII actually)
`Returns`: | NULL if not found, otherwise the original name
### Function: xmlInitCharEncodingHandlers
    void	xmlInitCharEncodingHandlers	(void)
Initialize the char encoding support, it registers the default encoding supported. NOTE: while public, this function usually doesn't need to be called in normal processing. ### Function: xmlNewCharEncodingHandler
    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr	xmlNewCharEncodingHandler	(const char * name,
    							 xmlCharEncodingInputFunc input,
    							 xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc output)
Create and registers an xmlCharEncodingHandler.
`name`: | the encoding name, in UTF-8 format (ASCII actually)
`input`: | the xmlCharEncodingInputFunc to read that encoding
`output`: | the xmlCharEncodingOutputFunc to write that encoding
`Returns`: | the xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr created (or NULL in case of error).
### Function: xmlParseCharEncoding
    xmlCharEncoding	xmlParseCharEncoding	(const char * name)
Compare the string to the encoding schemes already known. Note that the comparison is case insensitive accordingly to the section [XML] 4.3.3 Character Encoding in Entities.
`name`: | the encoding name as parsed, in UTF-8 format (ASCII actually)
`Returns`: | one of the XML_CHAR_ENCODING_... values or XML_CHAR_ENCODING_NONE if not recognized.
### Function: xmlRegisterCharEncodingHandler
    void	xmlRegisterCharEncodingHandler	(xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr handler)
Register the char encoding handler, surprising, isn't it ?
`handler`: | the xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr handler block
Daniel Veillard