OD(1)                      OpenBSD Reference Manual                      OD(1)

NAME
     od - octal, decimal, hex, ascii dump

SYNOPSIS
     od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-j offset] [-N length] [-t type_string]
        [[+]offset[.][Bb]] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
     od has been deprecated in favor of hexdump(1).

     hexdump(1), if called as od, provides compatibility for the options de-
     scribed below.  It does not provide compatibility for the -s option (see
     strings(1)) or the -P, -p, or -w options, nor is compatibility provided
     for the ``label'' component of the offset syntax.

     The options are as follows:

     -a          One-byte character display.  Display the input offset in oc-
                 tal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column,
                 space-filled, characters of input data per line.  Control
                 characters are printed as their names instead of as C-style
                 escapes.

     -B          Same as -o.

     -b          One-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
                 followed by sixteen space-separated, three column, zero-
                 filled, bytes of input data, in octal, per line.  This is the
                 default output style if no other is selected.

     -c          One-byte character display.  Display the input offset in oc-
                 tal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column,
                 space-filled, characters of input data per line.  Control
                 characters are printed as c style escapes, or as three octal
                 digits, if no c escape exists for the character.

     -D          Four-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
                 followed by four space-separated, ten column, space filled,
                 four-byte units of input data, in octal, per line.

     -d          Two-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
                 followed by eight space-separated, five column, zero-filled,
                 two-byte units of input data, in unsigned decimal, per line.

     -e          Eight-byte floating point display.  Display the input offset
                 in octal, followed by two space-separated, twenty-one column,
                 space filled, eight-byte units of input data, in floating
                 point, per line.

     -F          Same as -e.

     -f          Four-byte floating point display.  Display the input offset
                 in octal, followed by four space-separated, 14 column, space
                 filled, four-byte units of input data, in floating point, per
                 line.

     -H          Four-byte hex display.  Display the input offset in octal,
                 followed by four space-separated, eight column, zero filled,
                 four-byte units of input data, in hex, per line.

     -h          Two-byte hex display.  Display the input offset in octal,
                 followed by eight space-separated, four column, zero filled,
                 two-byte units of input data, in hex, per line.

     -I          Four-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in oc-
                 tal, followed by four space-separated, eleven column, space
                 filled, four-byte units of input data, in decimal, per line.

     -i          Two-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
                 followed by eight space-separated, six column, space filled,
                 two-byte units of input data, in decimal, per line.

     -j offset   Skip offset bytes from the beginning of the input.  By de-
                 fault, offset is interpreted as a decimal number.  With a
                 leading 0x or 0X, offset is interpreted as a hexadecimal num-
                 ber, otherwise, with a leading 0, offset is interpreted as an
                 octal number.  Appending the character b, k, or m to offset
                 causes it to be interpreted as a multiple of 512, 1024, or
                 1048576, respectively.

     -L          Same as -I.

     -l          Same as -I.

     -N length   Interpret only length bytes of input.

     -O          Four-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
                 followed by four space-separated, eleven column, zero-filled,
                 four-byte units of input data, in octal, per line.

     -o          Two-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
                 followed by eight space-separated, six column, zero-filled,
                 two-byte units of input data, in octal, per line.

     -t type_string
                 Specify one or more output types.  The type_string option-ar-
                 gument must be a string specifying the types to be used when
                 writing the input data.  The string must consist of the type
                 specification characters:

                 a selects US-ASCII output, with control characters replaced
                 with their names instead of as c escape sequences.  See also
                 the _u conversion provided by hexdump(1).

                 c selects a standard character based conversion.  See also
                 the _c conversion provided by hexdump(1).

                 f selects the floating point output format.  This type char-
                 acter can be optionally followed by the characters 4 or F to
                 specify four-byte floating point output, or 8 or L to specify
                 eight-byte floating point output.  The default output format
                 is eight-byte floats.  See also the e conversion provided by
                 hexdump(1).

                 d, o, u, or x select decimal, octal, unsigned decimal, or hex
                 output respectively.  These types can optionally be followed
                 by C to specify char-sized output, S to specify short-sized
                 output, I to specify int-sized output, L to specify long-
                 sized output, 1 to specify one-byte output, 2 to specify two-
                 byte output, 4 to specify four-byte output, or 8 to specify
                 eight-byte output.  The default output format is in four-byte
                 quantities.  See also the d, o, u, and x conversions provided
                 by hexdump(1).

     -v          The -v option causes od to display all input data.  Without
                 the -v option, any number of groups of output lines, which
                 would be identical to the immediately preceding group of out-
                 put lines (except for the input offsets), are replaced with a
                 line comprised of a single asterisk.

     -X          Same as -H.

     -x          Same as -h.

     For each input file, od sequentially copies the input to standard output,
     transforming the data according to the options given.  If no options are
     specified, the default display is equivalent to specifying the -o option.

     The od utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

SEE ALSO
     hexdump(1), strings(1)

HISTORY
     The od utility is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (``POSIX'')
     specification.

     The flags [-aBDeFfHhIiLlOX] are extensions to that specification.

     A od command appears in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

     This man page was written in February 2001 by Andrew Brown, shortly after
     he augmented the deprecated od syntax to include things he felt had been
     missing for a long time.

OpenBSD 4.7                    February 8, 2009                              3
