AMAS(4)                   OpenBSD Programmer's Manual                  AMAS(4)

NAME
     amas - AMD memory address map

SYNOPSIS
     amas* at pci?

DESCRIPTION
     The amas driver provides read access to the AMD memory map, which de-
     scribes the location of physical memory.

     One instance of this device is shared between all cores on a chip.  This
     device is present on AMD processors of the 0Fh, 10h and 11h family.

     The amas device can run in either interleaved mode or in non-interleaved
     mode.  In interleaved mode, the physical memory addresses are rotated
     across each chip.  amas sits between the CPU cores, the dram controller
     and the hypertransport bus.  When a CPU requests a memory page, amas de-
     cides if the request is serviced from memory local to the chip, in which
     case it normalizes the address and passes it on to the dram controller.
     If the request refers to memory present on a different chip, the request
     is forwarded to the correct chip using the hypertransport bus.

     The amas device is configured by the BIOS and kernel startup routines.
     If multiple instances of this device are available, all should contain
     the same information.

SEE ALSO
     pci(4)

     BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide for AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron
     Processors, Publication # 26094, pp. 66-80, February 2006.

     BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide (BKDG) For AMD Family 10h Processors,
     Publication # 31116, pp. 158-167, March 2008.

     BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide (BKDG) For AMD Family 11h Processors,
     Publication # 41256, pp. 109-114, July 2008.

HISTORY
     The amas driver first appeared in OpenBSD 4.6.

AUTHORS
     The amas driver was written by Ariane van der Steldt <ariane@stack.nl>.

OpenBSD 4.7                       May 7, 2009                                1
