LAST(1)                    OpenBSD Reference Manual                    LAST(1)

NAME
     last - indicate last logins of users, ttys, and hosts

SYNOPSIS
     last [-csT] [-d date] [-f file] [-h host] [-n number] [-t tty] [user ...]

DESCRIPTION
     The last utility will either list the sessions of specified users, ttys,
     and hosts, in reverse time order, or list the users logged in at a speci-
     fied snapshot date and time in reverse time order.  Each line of output
     contains the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
     hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration of
     the session.  If the session is still continuing or was cut short by a
     crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.

     The options are as follows:

     -c         Calculates the total time displayed and prints it after the
                output.

     -d date    Specify the snapshot date and time.  All users logged in at
                the snapshot date and time will be reported.  This may be used
                with the -f option to derive the results from stored wtmp
                files.  When this argument is provided, all other options ex-
                cept for -f and -n are ignored.  The argument should be in the
                form ``[[[CC]YY]MMDD]hhmm[.SS]'' where each pair of letters
                represents the following:

                      CC      The first two digits of the year (the century).
                      YY      The second two digits of the year.  If ``YY'' is
                              specified, but ``CC'' is not, a value for ``YY''
                              between 69 and 99 results in a ``CC'' value of
                              19.  Otherwise, a ``CC'' value of 20 is used.
                      MM      Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
                      DD      Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
                      hh      Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
                      mm      Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
                      SS      Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.

                All but the ``hh'' and ``mm'' letter pairs are optional.  If
                the ``CC'' and ``YY'' letter pairs are not specified, the val-
                ues default to the current year.  If the ``MM'' and ``DD''
                letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the cur-
                rent month and day.  If the ``SS'' letter pair is not speci-
                fied, the value defaults to 0.

     -f file    last reads the file file instead of the default,
                /var/log/wtmp.

     -h host    host names may be names or internet numbers.

     -n number  Limits the report to number lines.  The format -number is also
                supported, but is deprecated.

     -s         Display time values in seconds since the Epoch, instead of
                formatted dates.

     -T         Display better time information, including seconds.

     -t tty     Specify the tty.  tty names may be given fully or abbreviated,
                for example, last -t 03 is equivalent to last -t tty03.

     If multiple arguments are given, and a snapshot time is not specified,
     the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g.,
     last root -t console would list all of root's sessions as well as all
     sessions on the console terminal.  If no users, hostnames, or terminals
     are specified, last prints a record of all logins and logouts.

     The pseudo-user ``reboot'' logs in at reboots of the system; thus last
     reboot will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

     If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has pro-
     gressed.  If interrupted with a quit signal, last indicates how far the
     search has progressed and then continues.

FILES
     /var/log/wtmp  login database

SEE ALSO
     lastcomm(1), utmp(5), ac(8)

HISTORY
     The last command appeared in 3.0BSD.

OpenBSD 4.7                      May 31, 2007                                2
