


PERLGPL(1)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLGPL(1)


NAME
       perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2

SYNOPSIS
        You can refer to this document in Pod via "L<perlgpl>"
        Or you can see this document by entering "perldoc perlgpl"

DESCRIPTION
       This is "The GNU General Public License, version 2".  It's
       here so that modules, programs, etc., that want to declare
       this as their distribution license, can link to it.

       It is also one of the two licenses Perl allows itself to
       be redistributed and/or modified; for the other one, the
       Perl Artistic License, see the perlartistic.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                           GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                              Version 2, June 1991

        Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
                              51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
        Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
        of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

                                   Preamble

         The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
       freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
       License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
       software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
       General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
       Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
       using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
       the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
       your programs, too.

         When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
       price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
       have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
       this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
       if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
       in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

         To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
       anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
       These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
       distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

         For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
       gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
       you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
       source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
       rights.



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         We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
       (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
       distribute and/or modify the software.

         Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
       that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
       software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
       want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
       that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
       authors' reputations.

         Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
       patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
       program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
       program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
       patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

         The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
       modification follow.

                           GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
          TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

         0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
       a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
       under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
       refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
       means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
       that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
       either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
       language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
       the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

       Activities other than copying, distribution and
       modification are not covered by this License; they are
       outside its scope.  The act of running the Program is not
       restricted, and the output from the Program is covered
       only if its contents constitute a work based on the
       Program (independent of having been made by running the
       Program).  Whether that is true depends on what the
       Program does.

         1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
       source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
       conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
       copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
       notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
       and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
       along with the Program.

       You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring
       a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty
       protection in exchange for a fee.



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         2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
       of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
       distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
       above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

           a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
           stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

           b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
           whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
           part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
           parties under the terms of this License.

           c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
           when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
           interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
           announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
           notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
           a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
           these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
           License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
           does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
           the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

       These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.
       If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from
       the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent
       and separate works in themselves, then this License, and
       its terms, do not apply to those sections when you
       distribute them as separate works.  But when you
       distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a
       work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole
       must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
       for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus
       to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

       Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights
       or contest your rights to work written entirely by you;
       rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the
       distribution of derivative or collective works based on
       the Program.

       In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on
       the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the
       Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium
       does not bring the other work under the scope of this
       License.

         3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
       under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
       Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

           a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
           source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections



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           1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software
           interchange; or,

           b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
           years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
           cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
           machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
           distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
           customarily used for software interchange; or,

           c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
           to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
           allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
           received the program in object code or executable form with such
           an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

       The source code for a work means the preferred form of the
       work for making modifications to it.  For an executable
       work, complete source code means all the source code for
       all modules it contains, plus any associated interface
       definition files, plus the scripts used to control
       compilation and installation of the executable.  However,
       as a special exception, the source code distributed need
       not include anything that is normally distributed (in
       either source or binary form) with the major components
       (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
       which the executable runs, unless that component itself
       accompanies the executable.

       If distribution of executable or object code is made by
       offering access to copy from a designated place, then
       offering equivalent access to copy the source code from
       the same place counts as distribution of the source code,
       even though third parties are not compelled to copy the
       source along with the object code.

         4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
       except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
       otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
       void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
       However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
       this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
       parties remain in full compliance.

         5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
       signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
       distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
       prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
       modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
       Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
       all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
       the Program or works based on it.

         6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the



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       Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
       original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
       these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
       restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
       You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
       this License.

         7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
       infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
       conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
       otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
       excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
       distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
       License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
       may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
       license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
       all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
       the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
       refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

       If any portion of this section is held invalid or
       unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the
       balance of the section is intended to apply and the
       section as a whole is intended to apply in other
       circumstances.

       It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
       infringe any patents or other property right claims or to
       contest validity of any such claims; this section has the
       sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free
       software distribution system, which is implemented by
       public license practices.  Many people have made generous
       contributions to the wide range of software distributed
       through that system in reliance on consistent application
       of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if
       he or she is willing to distribute software through any
       other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

       This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is
       believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

         8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
       certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
       original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
       may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
       those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
       countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
       the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

         9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
       of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
       be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
       address new problems or concerns.




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       Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If
       the Program specifies a version number of this License
       which applies to it and "any later version", you have the
       option of following the terms and conditions either of
       that version or of any later version published by the Free
       Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a
       version number of this License, you may choose any version
       ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

         10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
       programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
       to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
       Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
       make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
       of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
       of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

                                   NO WARRANTY

         11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
       WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
       EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
       OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
       KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
       IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
       PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
       THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

         12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
       WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
       AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
       FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
       CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
       PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
       RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
       FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF
       SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
       DAMAGES.

                            END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

                   How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

         If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
       possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
       free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
       terms.

         To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
       to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
       convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
       the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.




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           <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
           Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

           This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
           it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
           the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
           (at your option) any later version.

           This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
           but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
           MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
           GNU General Public License for more details.

           You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
           along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
           Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA

       Also add information on how to contact you by electronic
       and paper mail.

       If the program is interactive, make it output a short
       notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

           Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
           Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
           This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
           under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

       The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should
       show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.
       Of course, the commands you use may be called something
       other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
       mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

       You should also get your employer (if you work as a
       programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright
       disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.  Here is a
       sample; alter the names:

         Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
         `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

         <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
         Ty Coon, President of Vice

       This General Public License does not permit incorporating
       your program into proprietary programs.  If your program
       is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful
       to permit linking proprietary applications with the
       library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU
       Library General Public License instead of this License.

       [End.]




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