MOUNT(8)                OpenBSD System Manager's Manual               MOUNT(8)

NAME
     mount - mount file systems

SYNOPSIS
     mount [-Aadfruvw] [-t type]
     mount [-dfrsuvw] special | node
     mount [-dfruvw] [-o options] [-t type] special node

DESCRIPTION
     The mount command invokes a file system specific program to prepare and
     graft the special device or remote node (rhost:path) on to the file sys-
     tem tree at the point node.  If either special or node are not provided,
     the appropriate information is taken from the fstab(5) file.

     For disk partitions, the special device must correspond to a partition
     registered in the disklabel(5).

     The system maintains a list of currently mounted file systems.  If no ar-
     guments are given to mount, this list is printed.

     A mount point node must be an existing directory for a mount to succeed
     (except in the special case of /, of course).  Only the superuser may
     mount file systems unless kern.usermount is nonzero (see sysctl(8)), the
     special device is readable and writeable by the user attempting the
     mount, and the mount point node is owned by the user attempting the
     mount.

     The options are as follows:

     -A      Causes mount to try to mount all of the file systems listed in
             the fstab(5) table except those for which the ``noauto'' option
             is specified.

     -a      Similar to the -A flag, except that if a file system (other than
             the root file system) appears to be already mounted, mount will
             not try to mount it again.  mount assumes that a file system is
             already mounted if a file system with the same type is mounted on
             the given mount point.  More stringent checks are not possible
             because some file system types report strange values for the
             mounted-from device for mounted file systems.

     -d      Causes everything to be done except for the invocation of the
             file system specific program.  This option is useful in conjunc-
             tion with the -v flag to determine what the mount command is try-
             ing to do.

     -f      Either force mounting of dirty file systems or, in the case of a
             downgrade from read-write to read-only operation, the revocation
             of opened files with write access.

     -o options
             Options can be given with (or without) a `no' prefix to invert
             their meaning.  The options listed below specify non-default val-
             ues.  For example, `nosoftdep' is the default, so `softdep' can
             be used to mount the file system using soft dependencies.  Multi-
             ple options can be specified in a comma-separated list.  The
             available options are as follows:

             async   Metadata I/O to the file system should be done asyn-
                     chronously.  By default, only regular data is read/writ-
                     ten asynchronously.

                     This is a dangerous flag to set since it does not guaran-
                     tee to keep a consistent file system structure on the
                     disk.  You should not use this flag unless you are pre-
                     pared to recreate the file system should your system
                     crash.  The most common use of this flag is to speed up
                     restore(8) where it can give a factor of two speed in-
                     crease.

                     The options async and softdep are mutually exclusive.

             force   The same as -f; forces the revocation of write access
                     when trying to downgrade a file system mount status from
                     read-write to read-only.

             noatime
                     Do not update atime on files in the system unless the
                     mtime or ctime is being changed as well.  This option is
                     useful for laptops and news servers where one does not
                     want the extra disk activity associated with updating the
                     atime.

             noauto  Do not mount the file system automatically (either at
                     boot or with the -A or -a options).

             noaccesstime
                     Synonym for noatime provided for compatibility with other
                     operating systems.

             nodev   Do not interpret character or block special devices on
                     the file system.  This option is useful for a server that
                     has file systems containing special devices for architec-
                     tures other than its own.

             noexec  Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted
                     file system.  This option is useful for a server that has
                     file systems containing binaries for architectures other
                     than its own.

             nosuid  Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier
                     bits to take effect.

             rdonly  The same as -r; mount the file system read-only (even the
                     superuser may not write it).

             softdep
                     (FFS only.)  Mount the file system using soft dependen-
                     cies.  Instead of metadata being written immediately, it
                     is written in an ordered fashion to keep the on-disk
                     state of the file system consistent.  This results in
                     significant speedups for file create/delete operations.
                     This option is ignored when using the -u flag and a file
                     system is already mounted read/write.

                     The options async and softdep are mutually exclusive.

             sync    Regular data I/O to the file system should be done syn-
                     chronously.  By default, only metadata is read/written
                     synchronously.

             update  The same as -u; indicate that the status of an already
                     mounted file system should be changed.

             Any additional options specific to a given file system type (see
             the -t option) may be passed as a comma separated list; these op-
             tions are distinguished by a leading ``-'' (dash).  Options that
             take a value are specified using the syntax -option=value.  For
             example:

                # mount -t mfs -o rw,nodev,nosuid,-s=153600 /dev/sd0b /tmp

             That causes mount to execute the equivalent of:

                # /sbin/mount_mfs -o rw,nodev,nosuid -s 153600 /dev/sd0b /tmp

             The equivalent example in fstab(5) would be:

                swap /tmp mfs rw,nodev,nosuid,-s=153600 0 0

     -r      The file system is to be mounted read-only.  Mount the file sys-
             tem read-only (even the superuser may not write it).  The same as
             the ``rdonly'' argument to the -o option.

     -s      Skip mounting the file system if it is already mounted.  See the
             -a flag for a description of the criteria used to decide if a
             file system is already mounted.

     -t type
             The argument following the -t is used to indicate the file system
             type.  The type ffs is the default.  The -t option can be used to
             indicate that the actions should only be taken on file systems of
             the specified type.  More than one type may be specified in a
             comma separated list.  The list of file system types can be pre-
             fixed with ``no'' to specify the file system types for which ac-
             tion should not be taken.  For example, the mount command:

                   # mount -a -t nonfs,mfs

             mounts all file systems except those of type NFS and MFS .

             mount will attempt to execute a program in /sbin/mount_XXX where
             XXX is replaced by the type name.  For example, NFS file systems
             are mounted by the program /sbin/mount_nfs.

     -u      The -u flag indicates that the status of an already mounted file
             system should be changed.  Any of the options discussed above
             (the -o option) may be changed; also a file system can be changed
             from read-only to read-write or vice versa.  An attempt to change
             from read-write to read-only will fail if any files on the file
             system are currently open for writing unless the -f flag is also
             specified.  Only options specified on the command line with -o
             are changed; other file system options are unaltered.  The op-
             tions set in the fstab(5) table are ignored.

     -v      Verbose mode.

     -w      The file system object is to be read and write.

     The options specific to the various file system types are described in
     the manual pages for those file systems' mount_XXX commands.  For in-
     stance, the options specific to Berkeley Fast File Systems are described
     in the mount_ffs(8) manual page.

FILES
     /etc/fstab  file system table

EXAMPLES
     Mount a CD-ROM on node /mnt/cdrom:

           # mount -t cd9660 -r /dev/cd0a /mnt/cdrom

     Mount an MS-DOS floppy on node /mnt/floppy:

           # mount -t msdos /dev/fd0a /mnt/floppy

     Graft a remote NFS file system on host host, path /path/name, on node
     /mnt/nfs:

           # mount host:/path/name /mnt/nfs

     Remount /var with option ``dev'':

           # mount -u -o dev /var

SEE ALSO
     mount(2), fstab(5), disklabel(8), mount_cd9660(8), mount_ext2fs(8),
     mount_ffs(8), mount_mfs(8), mount_msdos(8), mount_nfs(8), mount_nnpfs(8),
     mount_ntfs(8), mount_portal(8), mount_procfs(8), mount_udf(8),
     mount_vnd(8), sysctl(8), umount(8)

HISTORY
     A mount command appeared in Version 3 AT&T UNIX.

CAVEATS
     After a successful mount, the permissions on the original mount point de-
     termine if ``..'' is accessible from the mounted file system.  The mini-
     mum permissions for the mount point for traversal across the mount point
     in both directions to be possible for all users is 0111 (execute for
     all).

OpenBSD 4.7                      June 4, 2009                                4
