


Socket(3p)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      Socket(3p)


NAME
       Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa -
       load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators

SYNOPSIS
           use Socket;

           $proto = getprotobyname('udp');
           socket(Socket_Handle, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, $proto);
           $iaddr = gethostbyname('hishost.com');
           $port = getservbyname('time', 'udp');
           $sin = sockaddr_in($port, $iaddr);
           send(Socket_Handle, 0, 0, $sin);

           $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
           socket(Socket_Handle, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto);
           $port = getservbyname('smtp', 'tcp');
           $sin = sockaddr_in($port,inet_aton("127.1"));
           $sin = sockaddr_in(7,inet_aton("localhost"));
           $sin = sockaddr_in(7,INADDR_LOOPBACK);
           connect(Socket_Handle,$sin);

           ($port, $iaddr) = sockaddr_in(getpeername(Socket_Handle));
           $peer_host = gethostbyaddr($iaddr, AF_INET);
           $peer_addr = inet_ntoa($iaddr);

           $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
           socket(Socket_Handle, PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, $proto);
           unlink('/var/run/usock');
           $sun = sockaddr_un('/var/run/usock');
           connect(Socket_Handle,$sun);

DESCRIPTION
       This module is just a translation of the C socket.h file.
       Unlike the old mechanism of requiring a translated
       socket.ph file, this uses the h2xs program (see the Perl
       source distribution) and your native C compiler.  This
       means that it has a far more likely chance of getting the
       numbers right.  This includes all of the commonly used
       pound-defines like AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, etc.

       Also, some common socket "newline" constants are provided:
       the constants "CR", "LF", and "CRLF", as well as $CR, $LF,
       and $CRLF, which map to "\015", "\012", and "\015\012".
       If you do not want to use the literal characters in your
       programs, then use the constants provided here.  They are
       not exported by default, but can be imported individually,
       and with the ":crlf" export tag:

           use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);

       In addition, some structure manipulation functions are
       available:




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Socket(3p)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      Socket(3p)


       inet_aton HOSTNAME
           Takes a string giving the name of a host, and
           translates that to an opaque string (if programming in
           C, struct in_addr). Takes arguments of both the
           'rtfm.mit.edu' type and '18.181.0.24'. If the host
           name cannot be resolved, returns undef.  For multi-
           homed hosts (hosts with more than one address), the
           first address found is returned.

           For portability do not assume that the result of
           inet_aton() is 32 bits wide, in other words, that it
           would contain only the IPv4 address in network order.

       inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS
           Takes a string (an opaque string as returned by
           inet_aton(), or a v-string representing the four
           octets of the IPv4 address in network order) and
           translates it into a string of the form 'd.d.d.d'
           where the 'd's are numbers less than 256 (the normal
           human-readable four dotted number notation for
           Internet addresses).

       INADDR_ANY
           Note: does not return a number, but a packed string.

           Returns the 4-byte wildcard ip address which specifies
           any of the hosts ip addresses.  (A particular machine
           can have more than one ip address, each address
           corresponding to a particular network interface. This
           wildcard address allows you to bind to all of them
           simultaneously.)  Normally equivalent to
           inet_aton('0.0.0.0').

       INADDR_BROADCAST
           Note: does not return a number, but a packed string.

           Returns the 4-byte 'this-lan' ip broadcast address.
           This can be useful for some protocols to solicit
           information from all servers on the same LAN cable.
           Normally equivalent to inet_aton('255.255.255.255').

       INADDR_LOOPBACK
           Note - does not return a number.

           Returns the 4-byte loopback address.  Normally
           equivalent to inet_aton('localhost').

       INADDR_NONE
           Note - does not return a number.

           Returns the 4-byte 'invalid' ip address.  Normally
           equivalent to inet_aton('255.255.255.255').





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Socket(3p)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      Socket(3p)


       sockaddr_family SOCKADDR
           Takes a sockaddr structure (as returned by
           pack_sockaddr_in(), pack_sockaddr_un() or the perl
           builtin functions getsockname() and getpeername()) and
           returns the address family tag.  It will match the
           constant AF_INET for a sockaddr_in and AF_UNIX for a
           sockaddr_un.  It can be used to figure out what
           unpacker to use for a sockaddr of unknown type.

       sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS
       sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN
           In a list context, unpacks its SOCKADDR_IN argument
           and returns an array consisting of (PORT, ADDRESS).
           In a scalar context, packs its (PORT, ADDRESS)
           arguments as a SOCKADDR_IN and returns it.  If this is
           confusing, use pack_sockaddr_in() and
           unpack_sockaddr_in() explicitly.

       pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS
           Takes two arguments, a port number and an opaque
           string, IP_ADDRESS (as returned by inet_aton(), or a
           v-string).  Returns the sockaddr_in structure with
           those arguments packed in with AF_INET filled in.  For
           Internet domain sockets, this structure is normally
           what you need for the arguments in bind(), connect(),
           and send(), and is also returned by getpeername(),
           getsockname() and recv().

       unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN
           Takes a sockaddr_in structure (as returned by
           pack_sockaddr_in()) and returns an array of two
           elements: the port and an opaque string representing
           the IP address (you can use inet_ntoa() to convert the
           address to the four-dotted numeric format).  Will
           croak if the structure does not have AF_INET in the
           right place.

       sockaddr_un PATHNAME
       sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
           In a list context, unpacks its SOCKADDR_UN argument
           and returns an array consisting of (PATHNAME).  In a
           scalar context, packs its PATHNAME arguments as a
           SOCKADDR_UN and returns it.  If this is confusing, use
           pack_sockaddr_un() and unpack_sockaddr_un()
           explicitly.  These are only supported if your system
           has <sys/un.h>.

       pack_sockaddr_un PATH
           Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the
           sockaddr_un structure with that path packed in with
           AF_UNIX filled in. For unix domain sockets, this
           structure is normally what you need for the arguments
           in bind(), connect(), and send(), and is also returned
           by getpeername(), getsockname() and recv().



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Socket(3p)       Perl Programmers Reference Guide      Socket(3p)


       unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
           Takes a sockaddr_un structure (as returned by
           pack_sockaddr_un()) and returns the pathname.  Will
           croak if the structure does not have AF_UNIX in the
           right place.




















































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