MALO(4)

NAME
malo - Marvell Libertas IEEE 802.11b/g wireless network device

SYNOPSIS
malo* at cardbus?
malo* at pci?
malo* at pcmcia?

DESCRIPTION
The malo driver provides support for Marvell Libertas 88W8335/88W8310/88W8385 based PCI/CardBus/PCMCIA network adapters. The second generation 88W8335/88W8310 chipsets support 802.11b/g.

These are the modes the malo driver can operate in:

BSS mode
    Also known as infrastructure mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through which all traffic passes. This mode is the default.

monitor mode
    In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without associating with an access point. This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, or to scan for access points.

The malo driver can be configured to use Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. It is strongly recommended that WEP not be used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses in it. The malo driver relies on the software 802.11 stack for both encryption and decryption of data frames.

The malo driver can be configured at runtime with ifconfig(8) or on boot with hostname.if(5).

FILES
The driver needs a set of firmware files which are loaded when an interface is brought up:

/etc/firmware/malo8335-h
/etc/firmware/malo8335-m
/etc/firmware/malo8338
/etc/firmware/malo8385-h
/etc/firmware/malo8385-m

These firmware files are not free because Marvell refuses to grant distribution rights. As a result, even though OpenBSD includes the driver, the firmware files cannot be included and users have to download these files on their own.

A prepackaged version of the firmware, designed to be used with pkg_add(1), can be found at:

    http://firmware.openbsd.org/firmware/malo-firmware-1.4.tgz

HARDWARE
The following cards are among those supported by the malo driver:
Card | Chip | Bus | Standard
Ambicom WL54CF | 88W8385 | PCMCIA | b/g
I-O DATA WN-G54/CF | 88W8385 | PCMCIA | b/g
Netgear WG511v2 | 88W8310 | CardBus | b/g
Netgear WG311v3 | 88W8335 | PCI | b/g
SparkLAN WCFM-100 | 88W8385 | PCMCIA | b/g
Tenda TWL541C | 88W8310 | CardBus | b/g
Tenda TWL542P | 88W8335 | PCI | b/g

EXAMPLES
The following hostname.if(5) example configures malo0 to join whatever network is available on boot, using WEP key “0x1deadbeef1”, channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP:

    dhcp NONE NONE NONE nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11

Configure malo0 to join network “my_net” using WPA with passphrase “my_passphrase”:

    # ifconfig malo0 nwid my_net wpakey my_passphrase

Join an existing BSS network, “my_net”:

    # ifconfig malo0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net

SEE ALSO
arp(4), cardbus(4), ifmedia(4), intro(4), netintro(4), pci(4), hostname.if(5), hostapd(8), ifconfig(8)

HISTORY
The malo driver first appeared in OpenBSD 4.1.

AUTHORS
-nosplit The malo driver was written by Claudio Jeker and Marcus Glocker.

CAVEATS
WPA encryption is not supported for PCMCIA devices.