[ << Specialist notation ] | [トップ][目次][インデックス][ ? ] | [ General input and output >> ] | ||
[ < Wind instruments ] | [ 上へ : Wind instruments ] | [ References for wind instruments > ] |
2.6.1 Common notation for wind instruments
This section discusses notation common to most wind instruments.
References for wind instruments | ||
Fingerings |
[ << Specialist notation ] | [トップ][目次][インデックス][ ? ] | [ General input and output >> ] | ||
[ < Common notation for wind instruments ] | [ 上へ : Common notation for wind instruments ] | [ Fingerings > ] |
References for wind instruments
Many notation issues for wind instruments pertain to breathing and tonguing:
- Breathing can be specified by rests or ブレス記号.
- Legato playing is indicated by スラー.
- Different types of tonguings, ranging from legato to non-legato to staccato are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined with slurs, see アーティキュレーションと装飾 and List of articulations.
- Flutter tonguing is usually indicated by placing a tremolo mark and a text markup on the note. See トレモロの繰り返し.
Other aspects of musical notation that can apply to wind instruments:
- Many wind instruments are transposing instruments, see 楽器の移調.
- The slide glissando are characteristic of the trombone, but other winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See グリッサンド.
- Harmonic series glissandi, which are possible on all brass instruments but common for French Horns, are usually written out as 装飾小音符.
- Pitch inflections at the end of a note are discussed in Fall と Doit.
- Key slaps or valve slaps are often shown by the
cross
style of 特殊な符頭. - Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are
shown by the
flageolet
articulation. See List of articulations. - The use of brass mutes is usually indicated by a text markup, but
where there are many rapid changes it is better to use the
stopped
andopen
articulations. See アーティキュレーションと装飾 and List of articulations. - Stopped horns are indicated by the
stopped
articulation. See アーティキュレーションと装飾.
Selected Snippets
Changing \flageolet mark size
To make the \flageolet
circle smaller use the following Scheme
function.
smallFlageolet = #(let ((m (make-articulation "flageolet"))) (set! (ly:music-property m 'tweaks) (acons 'font-size -3 (ly:music-property m 'tweaks))) m) \layout { ragged-right = ##f } \relative c'' { d4^\flageolet_\markup { default size } d_\flageolet c4^\smallFlageolet_\markup { smaller } c_\smallFlageolet }
参照
Notation Reference: ブレス記号, スラー, アーティキュレーションと装飾, List of articulations, トレモロの繰り返し, 楽器の移調, グリッサンド, 装飾小音符, Fall と Doit, 特殊な符頭,
Snippets: Winds.
[ << Specialist notation ] | [トップ][目次][インデックス][ ? ] | [ General input and output >> ] | ||
[ < References for wind instruments ] | [ 上へ : Common notation for wind instruments ] | [ Bagpipes > ] |
Fingerings
All wind instruments other than the trombone require the use of several fingers to produce each pitch. Some fingering examples are shown in the snippets below.
Woodwind diagrams can be produced and are described in Woodwind diagrams.
Selected Snippets
Fingering symbols for wind instruments
Special symbols can be achieved by combining existing glyphs, which is useful for wind instruments.
centermarkup = { \once \override TextScript #'self-alignment-X = #CENTER \once \override TextScript #'X-offset =#(ly:make-simple-closure `(,+ ,(ly:make-simple-closure (list ly:self-alignment-interface::centered-on-x-parent)) ,(ly:make-simple-closure (list ly:self-alignment-interface::x-aligned-on-self)))) } \score {\relative c' { g\open \once \override TextScript #'staff-padding = #-1.0 \centermarkup g^\markup{\combine \musicglyph #"scripts.open" \musicglyph #"scripts.tenuto"} \centermarkup g^\markup{\combine \musicglyph #"scripts.open" \musicglyph #"scripts.stopped"} g\stopped } }
Recorder fingering chart
The following example demonstrates how fingering charts for wind instruments can be realized.
% range chart for paetzold contrabass recorder centermarkup = { \once \override TextScript #'self-alignment-X = #CENTER \once \override TextScript #'X-offset =#(ly:make-simple-closure `(,+ ,(ly:make-simple-closure (list ly:self-alignment-interface::centered-on-x-parent)) ,(ly:make-simple-closure (list ly:self-alignment-interface::x-aligned-on-self)))) } \score { \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \override Stem #'stencil = ##f \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver" } { \clef bass \set Score.timing = ##f f,1*1/4 \glissando \clef violin gis'1*1/4 \stemDown a'4^\markup{1)} \centermarkup \once \override TextScript #'padding = #2 bes'1*1/4_\markup{\override #'(baseline-skip . 1.7) \column { \fontsize #-5 \slashed-digit #0 \finger 1 \finger 2 \finger 3 \finger 4 \finger 5 \finger 6 \finger 7} } b'1*1/4 c''4^\markup{1)} \centermarkup \once \override TextScript #'padding = #2 cis''1*1/4 deh''1*1/4 \centermarkup \once \override TextScript #'padding = #2 \once \override Staff.HorizontalBracket #'direction = #UP e''1*1/4_\markup{\override #'(baseline-skip . 1.7) \column { \fontsize #-5 \slashed-digit #0 \finger 1 \finger 2 \finger 4 \finger 5} }\startGroup f''1*1/4^\markup{2)}\stopGroup } }
参照
Notation Reference: Woodwind diagrams.
Snippets: Winds.
[ << Specialist notation ] | [トップ][目次][インデックス][ ? ] | [ General input and output >> ] | ||
[ < References for wind instruments ] | [ 上へ : Common notation for wind instruments ] | [ Bagpipes > ] |