R: Are All Values True?

all {base} | R Documentation

## Are All Values True?

### Description

Given a set of logical vectors, are all of the values true?

### Usage

    all(..., na.rm = FALSE)

### Arguments

`...` | zero or more logical vectors. Other objects of zero length are ignored, and the rest are coerced to logical ignoring any class.
`na.rm` | logical. If true `NA` values are removed before the result is computed.

### Details

This is a generic function: methods can be defined for it directly or via the `Summary` group generic. For this to work properly, the arguments `...` should be unnamed, and dispatch is on the first argument.

Coercion of types other than integer (raw, double, complex, character, list) gives a warning as this is often unintentional.

This is a primitive function.

### Value

The value is a logical vector of length one.

Let `x` denote the concatenation of all the logical vectors in `...` (after coercion), after removing `NA`s if requested by `na.rm = TRUE`.

The value returned is `TRUE` if all of the values in `x` are `TRUE` (including if there are no values), and `FALSE` if at least one of the values in `x` is `FALSE`. Otherwise the value is `NA` (which can only occur if `na.rm = FALSE` and `...` contains no `FALSE` values and at least one `NA` value).

### S4 methods

This is part of the S4 `Summary` group generic. Methods for it must use the signature `x, ..., na.rm`.

### Note

That `all(logical(0))` is true is a useful convention: it ensures that

    all(all(x), all(y)) == all(x, y)

even if `x` has length zero.

### References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

### See Also

`any`, the ‘complement’ of `all`, and `stopifnot(*)` which is an `all(*)` ‘insurance’.

### Examples

    range(x <- sort(round(stats::rnorm(10) - 1.2, 1)))
    if(all(x < 0)) cat("all x values are negative\n")

    all(logical(0))  # true, as all zero of the elements are true.

[Package base version 3.1.2 Index]